Farewell to Zhou Shangshu
Guanyang people are thousands of miles away, and no one goes south. Only the geese by the river fly south in autumn.
Yangguan's old country, far away in Wan Li, has been looking forward to it year after year, but it has not returned to the south so far. Only geese that go south along the Yellow River can fly south freely in autumn.
At the beginning of the poem, I wrote that I had to stay in Chang 'an alone and could not return to the sadness in the south. Yangguan, located in the southwest of Dunhuang County, Gansu Province, has been the only pass between the Western Regions and Yumenguan since ancient times. Yu Xin is borrowed here, because Yangguan has become synonymous with "Avenue", just as we compare "Yangguan Road" to "wooden bridge". The poem "Yangguan Wan Li Road" refers to the avenue between Chang 'an and Jinling.
The word "one person" in the later period refers to Yu Xin himself. These two sentences are about how many people displaced from north to south have returned to their hometowns on Yangguan Avenue from Chang 'an to Jinling. Sadly, I am the only one who can't go home.
"Only Jiang Dayan flies south", and "Jiang Dayan" refers to Friend Zhou. This is not the real scene in front of us, but a kind of virtuality, which is a manifestation of Yu Xin's inner help from foreign objects. It has been pointed out before that it is early spring in Yu and Zhou, so it is impossible to see the real scene of autumn geese flying south. Even if you come back in spring, you can only see the scene of Hongyan going north.
These two poems have two meanings: one is to compare Zhou Guichen to the return of geese to the south, and greatly envy the return of geese to the south; Second, Hongyan comes and goes freely from autumn to spring, but she loses this freedom to see herself as inferior to Hongyan. Shen Deqian commented on this poem and said, "If we think from the present situation of Zi Shan, it will become more and more sad." This is the viewpoint of knowing people and discussing the world, which is particularly important for poetry appreciation.
Extended data:
The expression of this poem has two characteristics: one is metonymy, that is, at the beginning, "Yangguan Wan Li Road" is used to refer to the traffic avenue from Chang 'an to Jinling. This technique increases the implicit beauty of poetry. Another artistic technique is virtual, and the phrase "Only the riverside geese fly south in Qiu Lai" is a virtual landscape. This figurative virtuality enriches the connotation of poetic images.
It is conceivable that Yu Xin saw more than 20 geese in Chang 'an in the Spring and Autumn Period, and his feeling of not being as free as geese has been hidden for many years. When sending friends back to the south, this emotion accumulated in my heart for many years is explosive and its connotation is beyond words. Only by carefully savoring Yu Xin's good intentions can we appreciate the wonderful wording of this poem.
Baidu encyclopedia-farewell to Zhou Shangshu