Du Fu [Tang Dynasty]
In the Qi family, I often see your performances; Before urging the wine hall, I praised your art many times.
Never thought, in this Jiangnan scenic area; It is the season of falling flowers, and I can meet you, an old acquaintance.
translate
I often see you and hear you sing in Wang Qi and Cui Jiu's residence.
Now is the time when the scenery in Jiangnan is beautiful, and I met you again in this late spring.
To annotate ...
Li Guinian: A famous musician in the Kaiyuan and Tianbao periods of the Tang Dynasty, who was good at singing. Because it was favored by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, it was very popular. After the "An Shi Rebellion", Li Guinian settled in Jiangnan and made a living by busking.
King of Qi: Li Longfan (later renamed Li Fan), the younger brother of Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, was famous for his love of learning, talent and intelligence, and refined temperament.
Ordinary: often.
Cui Jiu: Cui Di, the ninth brother, is the younger brother of Cui Shu, the secretariat. When Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty was in power, he used to be the supervisor of the temple, which was very popular with him. Cui was a famous surname at that time, which showed that he was valued.
Jiangnan: refers to the present area of Hunan Province.
Autumn: the end of spring, usually referring to the third month of the lunar calendar. Falling flowers have many meanings, such as old age, social ills and chaos.
Jun: Li Guinian.
Creation background
This poem was probably written in 770 AD (the fifth year of Dali) when Du Fu was in Changsha. After the Anshi Rebellion, Du Fu drifted to the south of the Yangtze River, reunited with the exiled court singer Li Guinian, recalled his frequent meetings and listening to songs in Wang Qi and Cui Jiufu, and wrote this poem with emotion.
Make an appreciative comment
Poetry is sentimental and indifferent. Li Guinian was a famous singer in the early years of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, who often sang in the aristocratic giants. Du Fu's talent was outstanding when he was a teenager, and he often went in and out of the gates of Li Longfan, the king of Qi, and Cui Di, the supervisor of Chinese calligraphy, and he was able to appreciate the art of singing. The first two sentences of the poem are about recalling the past and communicating with him, expressing the poet's concern for the prosperous times in the early years of Kaiyuan. The last two sentences are feelings about the decline of state affairs and the erratic artists. Only four sentences sum up the vicissitudes and life changes of the whole Kaiyuan period (note: the Kaiyuan period is 7 13-74 1 year). The language is extremely plain, but the connotation is infinitely rich.
Li Guinian was a famous singer in Kaiyuan period. Du Fu met Li Guinian for the first time in his high-spirited youth, when it was the "golden age of Kaiyuan". Du Fu has long been appreciated by Li Fan, King of Qi, and Cui Di, the secretary supervisor, and can enjoy Li Guinian's singing in their mansion. In Du Fu's mind, Li Guinian is closely connected with the prosperous Kaiyuan era and his romantic youth life. Decades later, they met again in Jiangnan. At this time, the Tang dynasty, which suffered from the Anshi rebellion for eight years, has also turned from prosperity to decline, and the evening scenery of the two of them is also very bleak. This encounter naturally leads to Du Fu's pent-up sense of infinite vicissitudes. This poem spans decades of vicissitudes of the times and social changes, and the description of the scenery reflects the poet's feelings about the declining world. The whole poem has profound rhymes, rich connotations and high artistic achievements.
"It's a common thing in Qi Wang's family, and Cui has heard it several times before." I often watch your performances in the Qi Palace. In front of Cui, I have also appreciated your art many times. Although the first two sentences are reminiscing about past contacts with Li Guinian, they reveal deep nostalgia for the flourishing age of Kaiyuan. The following language seems light, but it contains heavy emotions. "King of Qi", the younger brother of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, and Li Fan, the son of Tang Ruizong (Li Dan), was named King of Qi, who was famous for his love of learning and talents and elegant temperament. "Cui Jiu" named Di is the younger brother of the secretary of China Academy of Sciences. He frequented the palace, was a favorite of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, and served as a secretary supervisor. He ranks ninth among his brothers, so he is called Cui Jiu. "Qi Wangzhai" and "Cui" seem to blurt out, but in the eyes of the parties, the names of these two literary celebrities in the heyday of Kaiyuan are enough to evoke good memories of the past. In those days, it was common to meet an art star like Li Guinian, but in retrospect, it was an impossible dream. When two poems are repeated, it seems that they want to prolong the aftertaste. The feelings of heaven and earth contained here need to be combined with the following two sentences to taste.
"It's the beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, and it's the season of falling flowers." This is the beautiful scenery of Jiangnan in late spring. I didn't expect to meet your old acquaintance at the time of falling flowers. The past has passed, and dream-like memories can't change the helplessness in front of me. The last two sentences' feelings about the decline of state affairs and the wandering artists summed up the vicissitudes of the whole Kaiyuan period. Jiangnan, with beautiful scenery, was originally a place where poets yearned for a visit in peacetime. Now, I'm really in it, but what I'm facing is a wandering artist covered in withered flowers and hoary heads. Autumn is not only an impromptu work, but also a kind of intentional or unintentional interest. Readers who are familiar with the times and Du Fu's life experience will definitely think of the declining world, social unrest and the poet's decline and illness, and will not think that the poet is deliberately making metaphors. Therefore, this writing seems a bit muddy. The two function words "exactly" and "you" have ups and downs, but also between the lines, which contain infinite feelings.
Brief introduction of the author
Du Fu (7 12-770), with beautiful words, is called "Du Gongbu" and "Du Shaoling" in the world. Born in Fugong County, Henan Province (now gongyi city, Henan Province), he was a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty. Du Fu is regarded as a "poet saint" by the world, and his poems are called "the history of poetry". Du Fu and Li Bai are called "Du Li" together. In order to distinguish them from the other two poets Li Shangyin and Du Mu, that is, "Little Du Li", Du Fu and Li Bai are also called "Big Du Li". He is concerned about the country and the people and has a noble personality. About 65,438+0,400 of his poems have been preserved, and his poetic skills are exquisite, and he is highly respected in Chinese classical poetry and has far-reaching influence. He lived in Chengdu from 759 to 766 and was commemorated by Du Fu's Caotang.