The content of eighteen beats of Hu Jia is basically the same as that of two mourning poems. There is controversy about the authenticity of this poem. For details, please refer to Hu Jian's Essays on Eighteen Beats published by Zhonghua Book Company. Judging from the poetic system, there is a considerable distance from the works in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, and there are some contradictions between the poetic content and Cai Yan's life, so it is more likely to be named Cai Yan. Here, despite the past, Cai Yan is still in power. Eighteen beats of Hu Jia is a lyric poem of ancient Yuefu Qin music. Hu Jia, a wind instrument popular in Saibei and the Western Regions in Han Dynasty, has a sad tone, and its descendants look like three-hole woodwinds. Why Hu Jia is also Qin Qu? Shang Liu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, said in the preface to Hu Jia Qu: "Hu people yearn for the moon, but they roll reed leaves to play sad sounds, and Dong Sheng writes Hu Jia's sound on the piano for eighteen beats." The last beat of this poem also says, "Hu Jia makes Hu, and it is in tune." It is known that it was originally a song, but it was adapted into a piano music by Dong Sheng. Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia is a touching masterpiece, written by Cai Wenji. Appreciate this poem, don't read it as ordinary written literature, but think that Cai Wenji, an unfortunate woman, is playing the piano and singing by herself, and the piano is flowing with her heart. Accompanied by the piano and singing, we seem to see that she is walking on a long road paved with humiliation and pain.
She began to appear in the background of the great turmoil of the times. The first beat points out the background of "chaos": Land Rover is strong, fires are everywhere, and people are in exile (see three sentences such as "going out to find a dangerous road"). At the end of the Han Dynasty, there was chaos in the world. Eunuchs, consorts, and warlords have taken control of state affairs, and peasant uprisings, warlord scuffles, and foreign invasions have broken out one after another. In the poem written at the end of the Han dynasty, "a louse is born, and the surname is dead." White bones are exposed in the wild, and there are no crows in a thousand miles "(Cao Cao's" Hao Li Xing ")," Going out without seeing them, white bones cover the plain "(RoyceWong's" Seven Wounded Poems ") and so on, all of which are true portrayal of the turbulent reality at that time. Cai Yan, the heroine of the poem, was captured by Hu Qi in the war and brought to the west. Exile is the beginning and root of her painful career, so the poem uses one beat (the second beat) to write about her exile, and the tenth beat uses "my life's hardship and parting" to express that my life's misfortune ("hardship") stems from exile (so-called "parting").
During the twelve years when she was forced to stay in the southern Xiongnu, she suffered great pain in life and spirit. Alakazam's nature is harsh: "Hu Fenghao" (the third beat), "first frost" (the sixth beat), "Yuan Ye Depression" (the seventh beat) and running water whimpering (the sixth beat "I heard the long water whimpering at night"). Unusual life is strange to her: clothes made of fur are scary to wear (the third shot, "Felt fur shakes my flesh and blood"); Eating meat and milk smells bad and I can't swallow it (the third shot is "JJ is a taste that suppresses my feelings" and the sixth shot is "I can't eat meat and cheese when I'm hungry"); Living without a fixed place, moving by water plants, living in a shack made of temporary straw banknotes and dried cattle and sheep manure (the sixth shot, "Building a home by water plants?" The grass is exhausted, the sheep and horses are exhausted "); When they are excited, they beat drums, sing and dance, and sing all night (the third beat, "drums ring from night"). In a word, she can't adapt to the harsh natural environment in Alakazam, and she can't stand the different living habits of Hu people and Han people. So, she sang "Who can talk to people with different tastes? "And the most unbearable thing for her is in spirit.
Mentally, she suffered double humiliation: as a Han nationality, she became a prisoner of the Hu people; As a woman, she was forced to marry the conference semifinals. The so-called "kindness and righteousness loss" in the first shot refers to this double humiliation. In the case of physical and mental suffering, missing and returning to her hometown has become the most important spiritual force to support her to live strong. The main content from the second shot to the eleventh shot is to write about her homesickness. The fourth beat "I don't miss my hometown day and night", the tenth beat "My hometown is dusty, and I will swallow it when I cry silently", and the eleventh beat "I still hope to return to mulberry" are all touching words that directly express my homesickness. The fifth beat is the most touching one, which is about homesickness. In this shot, Cai Wenji carved a distant and profound scene with her persistent affection: in autumn, she looked forward to the blue sky and the geese flying south to bring her voice to the border; In spring, she looked up at the clouds and the sky and looked forward to the news of her native land brought by the return of wild geese in the north. But the wild goose flew away from the height of the factory, and it was difficult to find it. She couldn't help feeling heartbroken and ecstatic? . In the eleventh shoot, she revealed her inner humiliation and the secret of drag out an ignoble existence: "I hate it, because I am not greedy for life, I can't donate my body." I am still eager to return to Mulberry, I have been buried in my bones. "Finally, she survived a long twelve years and realized her long-cherished wish to return to her hometown." Suddenly I met an envoy of the Han Dynasty, called him imperial edict, and sent his daughter to redeem my concubine. "However, this joy is fleeting. At the same time, a new melancholy cloud floated by. She thought that the day she survived was also the time to say goodbye to her two biological sons. In the twelfth beat, it says, "I'm glad to be alive, but I'm glad to meet a saint." I am happy to say goodbye to my children. "Nine times out of ten, two beats are both sad and happy, and it is difficult to live in two emotions." This is a frank explanation of this ambivalence. From the first 13, Cai Wenji turned to describe that he couldn't stand being separated from his son. As he spoke, he swallowed and his heart sank with grief. The thirteenth beat writes about other children, and the fourteenth beat writes about dreams, "Hugging Hu clothes." ? Step by step, I can't move, I can't help myself. ""the mountains are high and the seas are wide. I will see you all my life. In my dream, you came to Sri Lanka in the middle of the night. Holding hands in a dream, one is happy and one is sad, and it hurts after sleeping. "It's so touching, so touching. In the Song Dynasty, Fan said in "Talking about Bed at Night": "This must be returned to another son. When he experienced his suffering, his words were deafening. Resentment, mourning for the old, as new as a thousand years; Even if you use the holy pen, you can't bear to delete it. "Cai Wenji's sense of separation and the pain of separation have been with her, leaving Alakazam and returning to Chang 'an. The humiliating life is over, and a new misfortune: the pain of losing parents and children has just begun. "Hu is different, and the quilt of heaven and earth is separated from Mu Dong. I am bitter in the sky. Although Liuhe is wide, I can't bear it. " It was here that the whole poem came to an end and stopped playing, thus completing Cai Wenji's tragic life journey of complaining to heaven.
Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia not only reflects Cai Wenji's poor life, but also reflects her superb talent. Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia has a strong subjective lyrical color in shaping the artistic image of the protagonist, Cai Wenji himself, and even in narration. It is written that he was banished to the West, gave birth to two sons in Alakazam, and returned to Chang 'an, all of which are affectionate sighs. For example, "The Yunshan Mountains are all returned to Lu Yu, which is popular for thousands of miles and raises dust and sand. Many people are as violent as crazy snakes, and they are arrogant and extravagant, which shows Cai Wenji's clear feelings of love and hate everywhere-"Yunshan" is connected with the thought of homeland, and "flurry" is connected with the suffering of the journey. Strong subjective lyricism is mainly reflected in the suddenness of emotional expression. Cai Wenji's feelings, often come suddenly, go suddenly, jump and changeable, incredible. The so-called "thinking without orientation" is to rebuild the Yaochi at the seaside. And the poem points the finger at heaven and God: "Heaven is ruthless and chaotic, and the ruthless nature makes me encounter this." "Why don't you see me wandering alone? God, what happened? I live up to God. What makes me different? I failed my God. Why should I go to the desert state? "Send to Heaven and Go to Earth" reflects Cai Wenji's feelings of "the sky is boundless and my heart is sad" and "I have bitterness in heaven".
Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia is of great artistic value. Lu Shiyong, a Ming Dynasty man, said in A Review of Poems and Mirrors: "The wind fell in Tokyo, and Ying Ying, Cai Wenji, became a talent. Reading "Hu Yiyin" can make people feel shocked, and the wind and sand are flying, which is really fierce. "
The high artistic value of Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia is related to Cai Wenji's talent, and Cai Wenji's talent is caused by her family background and social background.