Lake Baikal, also known as "the blue eyes of West Duberia", is located on the Russian-Mongolian border road in southern Siberia. The word "Lake Baikal" comes from Buryatian, which means "the sea of nature". It is long and narrow, like a bright moon embedded in the southern edge of Siberia. The total length of the lake is 636 kilometers, which is equivalent to the distance from Moscow to St. Petersburg. The average width is 48km, the widest point is 79.4km, the area is 3 1.500 km2, and the deepest point is1.636.5m (5,369ft). It is the deepest lake in the world. Lake Baikal is crystal clear, stable and transparent (transparency reaches 40.8m), ranking second in the world. The total storage capacity is 23600km3, which is equivalent to the total storage capacity of the Great Lakes in North America and about 1/5 of the total storage capacity of freshwater lakes in the world.
Lake Baikal is a huge ecosystem with 1700 species of wild animals and plants, two thirds of which live in Lake Baikal. The lake is completely surrounded by steep mountains and dense forests. It is estimated that it has a history of 250,000-300,000 years and is the oldest lake in geological history. There are still many unsolved mysteries in Lake Baikal. For example, it is not connected with the ocean, but it is home to many marine life, such as seals, conchs, marine fish and lobsters; There are tropical creatures in Lake Baikal, such as moss in Lake Baikal, and their close relatives live in lakes in India. Lake Baikal leeches can only be seen in freshwater lakes in southern China; Lake Baikal clams only live in Lake Okrid in the Balkans. What interests and puzzles scientists most is that among the freshwater lakes in the world, only the bottom of Lake Baikal has a dense "jungle"-sponge, in which strange lobsters grow.
However, people still don't understand why there are so many "marine life" living in Lake Baikal, and Lake Baikal is not salty at all. In this regard, this mysterious world's deepest lake has not given an answer, attracting scientists all over the world.
Second place. Lake Tanganyika, Lake Tanganyika.
Lake Tanganyika is a strip lake with a length of 670 kilometers from north to south. It is the narrowest lake in the world, with a width of 48-70 kilometers from east to west and an area of 32,900 square kilometers. Among African lakes, it is second only to Lake Victoria. The lake is 774 meters above sea level, and its deepest point is 1, 470 meters (4,823 feet). It is the deepest lake in Africa and the second deepest lake in the world after Lake Baikal in Russia. The Lake District is divided by Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo (45%), Tanzania (4 1%) and Zambia.
Lake Garnica is not only one of the longest and deepest lakes in the world, but also one of the famous underwater depressions. Its lake is 774 meters above sea level, and the difference between the deepest point and the height of the lake, that is, its deepest lake bottom is 696 meters below sea level, ranking fourth in the world in terms of potential depressions with lake bottom below sea level. If we take the average depth of the bottom of Lake Tanganyika, it is more than 200 meters lower than the surface of the world ocean. This lake was accidentally discovered by two British explorers, richard burton and john baker, in 1858. They think the name of the lake comes from Bantu. In Bantu, "Tanganyika" means "gathering" or "gathering", which means that countless streams gather here, and many tribes live in groups by the lake. Recently, in National Geographic, I talked about a cold-blooded serial killer named Gustav on the shore of Lake Tanganyika. The killer is a 20-foot-long, 2,000-pound crocodile that has killed hundreds of people.
Third place. Caspian Sea
The Caspian Sea, the largest inland lake on earth, flows through the southern region between the Russian Federation and northern Iran. The south and southwest of the Caspian Sea are surrounded by the Elbers Mountains and the Caucasus Mountains, and the other two sides are flat plains and lowlands. The Caspian Sea is long and narrow from north to south, slightly "S"-shaped, with a length of about 1, 200 kilometers from north to south. It is the longest and only lake in the world whose length exceeds 1000 km. The east-west average width is about 320km, the coastline is about 7,000km, and the area is 37 1000 km2, which is almost equivalent to the area of the Baltic Sea, 10 times that of the Azov Sea, accounting for 14% of the world's total lake area (2.7 million km2), and 245% more than the total area of the famous Great Lakes in North America.
This is a saline inland lake formed by continental drift 5.5 million years ago (salinity is about 1.2%), ranking the third deepest lake in the world with a depth of1025m (3,363ft). There are many kinds of animals in the Caspian basin: a large number of sturgeon (the source of caviar), as well as the unique fish (Caspian white fish), Caspian Roach, Caspian bream and a series of rare species of salmon, which are only found in the Caspian Sea.
The Caspian Sea is rich in energy, such as oil and natural gas, which has been excavated since 10 century. Today, the oil valuation in the Caspian Basin exceeds $65,438+02 trillion.
Fourth place. East, East, East Lake
Among the 140 glacial lakes scattered all over the world, Dongfang Lake is the largest and deepest glacial lake in the world, with a maximum depth of 900 meters (2,950 feet). Oriental Lake is located near Russian Oriental Station in Antarctica, under more than 4000 meters of ice and below the surface of Antarctic ice sheet 13000 feet. Its area is similar to that of Lake Ontario, with a length of about 250 kilometers, a width of about 50 kilometers, an area of about 15690 square kilometers and fresh water of about 5400 cubic kilometers. It may be the purest lake on earth. British and Russian scientists discovered it in 1996.
The average water temperature in the lake is -3℃, but the huge pressure caused by the freezing of the lake surface keeps the water below zero frozen. Scientists also found that the ice in the lake may have existed for 420,000 years, that is, the lake may have existed for more than 500,000 years, and the water at the bottom of the lake may have existed for more than 6,543,800 years. So far, there is no evidence that there is life in the Oriental Lake. Even so, there may be species in the dark, and they are likely to evolve into mutant species that adapt to the oxygen-rich environment of lakes.
Fifth place. Ohiggins/Lake Saint Martin ohiggins/Lake Saint Martin.
Lake San Martin is located between Patagonia, Eisen and Santa Cruz. It is called Lake ohiggins in Chile and Lake San Martin in Argentina. The lake twists and turns, crossing the border between Chile and Argentina. The part of Chile is called Lake ohiggins, and the part of Argentina is called Lake San Martin. The two peoples commemorated ohiggins and San Martin, two Latin American national heroes who fought side by side in the War of Independence.
With a maximum depth of 836 meters (2,742 feet), it is the deepest lake in the United States (measured by the nearby ohiggins Glacier). There are eight well-defined tributaries in the lake, among which the sky blue of the lake comes from the stone powder in the upstream.
Sixth place. Lake Malawi, Lake Malawi
Lake Malawi, also known as Lake Nyasa, is located at the southernmost tip of the Great Rift Valley in East Africa, between Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania, with an area of 30,800 square kilometers, a length of 560 kilometers from north to south, a width of 24-80 kilometers from east to west and an altitude of 472 meters. It is the third largest freshwater lake in Africa. The depth of 706 meters (23 16 feet) makes it the second deepest lake in Africa. Because it is in tropical waters, there are many kinds of fish. The researchers studied the sediments in the core samples of Lake Malawi 10 million years ago, and found that when the water level dropped to about 2,000 feet, the land around the lake became semi-desert and arid. This may be the reason why people fled Africa and colonized other parts of the world in the early days. Lake Malawi is also a strange lake in the world today. At about 9 am every day, the vast surface of Lake Malawi begins to recede until the water level drops by more than 6 meters. After about two hours of "rest", the lake continued to disappear until a shoal appeared. Four hours later, the "retreating" lake returned to the "home" in an endless stream, restoring the original richness of Lake Malawi. At 7 o'clock in the afternoon, the lake began to stir, only to see the water level rising until the flood overflowed and poured in all directions; After about two hours, Lake Malawi calmed down. However, the fluctuation of the water level in Lake Malawi has no certain rules to follow, sometimes once a day, sometimes once every few days, sometimes once every few weeks, and every time it is around 9 am, "the old trick repeats itself", which lasts about 12 hours. Although geographers around the world have explored the strange phenomenon of orderly fluctuation of lake water level for many years, the mystery has not been solved.
Seventh place. Lake Issyk, Lake Issyk.
Lake Issyk Kul is located in the Kyrgyz Republic at the northern foot of Tianshan Mountain. It is an inland saltwater lake with a length of 178km from east to west, a width of 60km from north to south, an area of about 6,236km, a lake capacity of 1738km and an altitude of 1608m. Earlier, some experts thought that this place was an ancient metropolis 2,500 years ago. The average depth of Lake Issyk-Kul is 305 meters (65,438+0,000 feet), and the lowest point is 668 meters (265,438+0,92 feet). It is not only the largest lake in Kyrgyzstan, but also one of the largest alpine inland lakes in the world. Lake Seck is about 280 kilometers away from Bishkek, the capital of Jishou. It is not frozen all year round and has a unique scenery. It is famous as a "hot lake". The mineral content in the lake is 6%. More than 90 rivers flow into the lake, but none flows out. It has beautiful lakeside natural scenery and cool and pleasant summer climate, and is a famous convalescent tourist resort in Central Asia.
It is said that in the pre-Islamic era, the ruler of this city, King Osanas, was a monster with long donkey ears. He always hides his ears, and every barber who knows his secret is killed. One of the hairdressers was thrown into a well in the voice of "begging for mercy", but because there was no manhole cover, the well water rose and flooded the whole city. Exploring the history behind this story will be more exciting. Archaeological research shows that there is an advanced ancient civilization in Central Asia, and its location is now Lake Issyk Kul. It is particularly worth mentioning that the northwest shore of Lake Issyk-Kul is tokmak, known as Broken Leaves in ancient times, which is the birthplace of Li Bai, a great poet in China. It is conceivable that the magnificent and beautiful mountains and rivers in Li Bai's poems must also have the shadow of Lake Issyk Kul.
Eighth place. Great slave lake in great slave lake.
Near the northern border of Alberta, Great Slave Lake is located in the northwest New Territories of Canada, with an area of 1 1000 square kilometers, making it the second largest lake in Canada. The lake runs northeast-southwest, with a length of 480 kilometers, a width of 48-225 kilometers, an area of 28,600 square kilometers, an altitude of 156 meters, a deep and clear lake with a storage capacity of 2.088 trillion cubic meters. The depth of 6 14 m (20 15 ft) makes it the deepest lake in North America. Due to the extremely low temperature in this area, the lake will be partially frozen for up to 8 months in a year. In winter, the ice is so thick that even trucks can drive on it. There is no evidence that there is an unidentified large animal living in this lake, but many tourists who have been here think that there are "lake monsters" in the lake. Some people say that they have seen a creature like a big hump swimming around in the water. It is said that this animal is shaped like a crocodile. Once through the window of a Roman Catholic priest's house, a creature with a faucet and a length of six or seven feet quickly swam to the shore of the lake. This mysterious creature was later named "Slave One".
Ninth place. Crater lake. Crater lake
Once the volcano erupts, it adds infinite beauty to this crater lake in Oregon Crater Lake National Park. Surrounded by a cliff as high as 2000 feet and two small islands, especially its spectacular blue lake, it has become the most popular outdoor collection point for photographers. The crater lake is 9.5km long, 8 ~ 9.5 km wide, with an area of 52.9km2, and the lake level is1883 m. The maximum depth is 594 meters (1949 feet) measured in July 2000 (1996, the depth of 608 meters was also measured). It is the second deepest lake in North America (after Great Slave Lake in Canada) and the deepest lake in the United States. A lot of snow in winter provides a source for its life. The water temperature has never risen above 13℃, and the known lake icing has only happened once. In North America, its lake is also the clearest and purest. 1997, American scientists measured that the maximum transparency of the lake reached 43.3m, surpassing Zhoumo Lake (4 1.6m) and Baikal Lake (40.5m) in Hokkaido, Japan, ranking first in the world. Of course, without pollutants.
Crater Lake originated from a big eruption of the Mezama volcano (12000 feet high) 7700 years ago. There is also a legend that the Kramas Indian tribe experienced a fierce war with the mountain god Lao and the sky god Skye of Mezama volcano. At this time, I fell in love with Luha, the daughter of the leader of the Kramas Indian tribe, but was rejected, so I decided to punish people with the curse of fire. Skye helped the Kramas Indian tribe fight against the mountain gods. Finally, after a fierce battle, Skye defeated Lao, and then the top of Mazama volcano collapsed, imprisoning Lao in hell forever. Finally, in order to obtain permanent peace, Skye decided to fill the pit with magnificent blue water. So there was the crater lake, and now the lake is blue.
Tenth place. Lake Matano, Lake Matano.
Lake Matano, with its original features, is 65,438+0,936 feet (595 meters) deep and located in the Indonesian province of South Sulawesi. It is an important local fresh water source and the deepest lake in Indonesia. Indonesian language Danau Matana is a tectonic lake in Sulawesi, Indonesia, with an area of 164.08km2 and an altitude of 382m. With a maximum depth of 590m, an average depth of 60m and a storage capacity of 9.8km3, it is the first deep lake in Indonesia and Southeast Asia. The water from Lake Matano flows from Patea River, flows through a waterfall and reaches Lake Maha luna (Lake Ma Lili). Lake Matano is famous for its extremely clear water and unique fish species. With the passage of time, its fish species have developed from the initial single to the present diversified.