Greenhouse and honey spleen, bees are male and butterflies are female.
At the same time, different kinds, that is, more acacia.
This is a lilac tree, and the spring knot begins to grow.
Jade plays games with uneven centers.
Good melons attract vines, and jasper is cold and cold.
Although Dongling has five colors, it can't bear to be fragrant.
The willow branches on the well are flat, and the lotus leaves in the middle are withered.
Embroidered feathers with brocade scales are prohibited on land and water.
Screen embroidery obstacles, things become their own.
How to look at the lake depends on the mandarin duck.
Li Shangyin wrote many affectionate love poems in his life, but most of them are difficult to know their skills (some may have no skills at all, but only express the poet's spiritual experience of love). Only this group of five willow branches. He left a 260-word preface to describe this short and fruitless tragedy, so that readers under the Millennium can feel the sincere and warm love atmosphere between young men and women in the late Tang Dynasty, and through it, they can feel and understand this group of simple, rough and unique love poems.
When the poet was about twenty-three or four years old (the ninth year of Wenzong and the first year of Kaicheng), he met a 17-year-old businessman's daughter Herry Liu in Luoyang. She is lively and naive, innocent and willful, and has a special hobby and sensitivity to music and poetry. She can play and sing "the music of the sea breeze, the voice of resentment". When the poet's cousin asked Shan to recite Shang Yin's saddest and most beautiful love poem "Four Poems of Yantai" in front of her, she excitedly asked, "Whose is this? Who is right? " Perhaps it is the love of art that has become the main factor to connect the hearts of the young men and women. Influenced by the stunning poem "Yantai", Herry Liu boldly asked the mountain to convey the message of the girl's innocence, and asked the poet to meet at the water's edge three days later. Unfortunately, a friend of Shang Yin's who had an appointment to go to Chang 'an left first with the poet's luggage, which prevented the poet from meeting Herry Liu as scheduled. Soon, Herry Liu was married by Fang Zhenqiang from the East, which caused Shang Yin's lifelong regret. This seemingly accidental factor, in the society where powerful officials were rampant at that time, contained the inevitability of tragedy. Five Poems of Willow Branches recorded this love tragedy.
A remarkable feature of this group of poems is the use of metaphor. Therefore, understanding the exact meaning of Bi Xing is the key to understand this group of poems.
The first two sentences of the first song are examples of metaphor, and the last two sentences reveal the main idea. The previous figure lists four diametrically different things: greenhouse and honey spleen (honey similar to spleen made by bees), drone and female butterfly (among them, bees and honey spleen, butterflies and greenhouse are also related to brewing and gathering). Although they all appear at the same time in Fangchun season, they are all "different" things. They are not of the same kind, of course, they can't match each other, which leads to "love", so three or four sentences reveal metaphorical meaning: "If you are different at the same time, how can you be more lovesick?" According to the old saying, "different classes" means that poets and willow branches have different social status and cannot get married. However, although Herry Liu is the daughter of a businessman and a poet, I'm afraid there won't be such a strict hierarchy. Moreover, the preface itself and the five poems clearly show the poet's deep-rooted love for willow branches at first sight. It is "dying" rather than "homesickness" to solve the mystery of "otherness". When reading with Shang Yin's "Boudoir Love", the poem says: "The red dew greenhouse is full of honey and spleen, and the wasps and butterflies are uneven. I felt a romantic dream in the spring window but I didn't know it. " The first two sentences mean "greenhouse and honey spleen, bees are male and butterflies are female". "Two differences" means that there are no classes but they are inconsistent. Poetry means that men and women are different, so although strange bedfellows. Comparing the two, we can see that there is a poem in Five Poems of Willow Branches lamenting that willow branches are not suitable for a category of contract, and their feelings are difficult to be harmonious. Eastern princes married business women, but regarded them as playthings. How can there be true feelings? So "it's more lovesick." Mr. Qian Zhongshu pointed out that this poem is similar to the metaphor of "Gai Han Lao Hua" in Boudoir Love. "Zuo Zhuan" exorcises evil spirits for four years:' the wind and horses are irrelevant.' Take piety as a note:' the wind attracts.' Biography of Women, Volume 4, Biography of Parthenogenesis:' If Fu Tima doesn't respond, it's different, so it's different. ..... a slight change in a mountain is ten times more wonderful "("Talking about Art ").
The first two sentences and the last two sentences of the second song are metaphors of Liu Zhi and himself. The poet used a beautiful lilac tree as a metaphor for willow branches and a knot as a metaphor for his own melancholy. The "knot" of lilacs is either a bud like a knot or a tangled branch (one of Du Fu's Five Poems on the River Head: "Lilacs are weak and leafy." )。 When we say "the beginning of spring knot" here, it seems to mean the entanglement of branches. The so-called "knot" is actually "sorrow", which can be proved by "the banana does not show lilac knot, and the spring breeze is sad in the same direction". The metaphor of the last two sentences has been seen at the end of Untitled (based on Liang Chu's love), but the text is slightly different. This is obviously using the "central injustice" of playing chess to close your own "central injustice", which can be seen from the word "ye". Willow branches were taken to the Prince of the East by a weak woman, which was not suitable for class, so I was worried about stagnation, such as the entanglement of lilacs; The woman loved by the poet was taken away by the forces of * *, so her heart was full of resentment. One worry and one anger shows that the feelings of both sides are corresponding.
In the first two sentences of the third song, the beautiful melons that lead vines to grow are used to compare the willow branches "harmony melons" and "jasper" in those years, which are from the Song of Jasper and When Jasper Broken Melon written by Yuefu in the Southern Dynasties. This not only describes the color of the melon as jasper, but also implies that the willow branches are small jasper. The delicious melon chilled by cold water (cold pulp) deliberately renders the beautiful scenery of Liuzhi, a small family with melons. Three or four sentences are further compared with the famous Dongling melon. According to legend, Hou Zhaoping of Dongling planted melons in the east of Chang 'an, which is beautiful and is called Dongling melon in the world. The meaning of these two sentences is that the world-famous Dongling melon, although rotten in five spots, can't bear to taste it by itself, leaving its teeth fragrant. This is exactly what the so-called "once the sea is difficult for water, it will always be amber". In contrast, it is not difficult to forget the willow branches.
The fourth sentence refers to willow branches and oneself respectively. "The willow branches are flat on the well", which means that they are not in their place (the well was originally the place where peaches and plums lived, and the so-called "peaches and plums are one after another, and the well is fragrant for one year"). ); "Dry in the lotus leaf" is a metaphor for a person who is haggard and thin. "Lotus" and "pity" are homophonic, usually referring to the man. Three or four sentences further explain the meaning of the above two sentences, saying that they and willow branches, like brocade scales in water and embroidered feathers on land, have been traumatized and destroyed, which is the so-called "neither of us is happy-to grow old forever." It can also be seen from here that the poet has clearly regarded himself and Herry Liu as a kind of people who suffered the same tragic fate.
The meaning of chapter 5 is quite clear. The first two sentences say that the birds embroidered on the painting screen and the obstacles of splendid walking are in pairs; The last two sentences say that when you look at the lake, you can only see the pair of mandarin ducks playing in the water. Whether indoors or outdoors, it is a scene in pairs. Why can't you be alone with willow branches and be harmonious? This is exactly what I saw. "How" and "just" contain infinite feelings in the questioning language.
Five poems, the first chapter begins with Liu Zhi's misfortune, the last chapter ends with self-injury and loneliness, and the middle three chapters are written by Liu Zhi and himself, expressing each other's sorrow and anger, as well as their unforgettable feelings for Liu Zhi and their injuries. It is a group of works with complete conception and rigorous composition. In style, he deliberately imitated Yuefu folk songs "Reading Quge" and "Midnight Song" in the Southern Dynasties, and used various techniques such as metaphor and homophonic pun. But it is not as natural as folk songs, but imitates the meaning of "dragon auspicious style" and creates a simple, rough and even obscure style. This is also very different from the people who attach importance to nature, mystery and ancient style in the five words of the Tang Dynasty, which can be said to be a different tune in the five musts. However, this simple and rude style has its special adaptability to express the poet's discomfort caused by love tragedy. From this point of view, as Feng Hao commented, it is "a gesture from the rough".