(712~770), courtesy name Zimei, nicknamed Shaoling Yelao, known as Du Shaoling in the world, and the Ministry of Work of Du. Han nationality, from Gong County, Henan Province (now Gongyi, Zhengzhou), originally from Xiangyang, Hubei Province. my country's great realist poet, known as the "Sage of Poetry" and a world cultural celebrity, is also known as "Li Du". His ancestral home is Xiangyang (now Xiangfan City, Hubei Province). He was born in Gong County, Henan Province. He was buried in his hometown of Gong County after his death. Du Fu's distant ancestor is Du Yu, who was famous in the Jin Dynasty, and his later ancestor is Du Shenyan, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty. Du Fu once served as a member of Zuo Shiyi and the Ministry of Inspection and Work, so later generations called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu. Du Fu lived in a historical period that turned from prosperity to decline. His poems mostly dealt with social unrest, political darkness, and people's suffering. His poems are known as "the history of poetry." Du Fu was concerned about the country and the people, with noble personality and exquisite poetic skills. He was honored as "" by later generations. Du Fu wrote more than 1,400 poems in his life, many of which are famous poems that have been passed down through the ages, such as "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells", and there is "Du Gongbu Collection" handed down to the world; among them, "Three Officials" is "Shihao" Officials", "Xin'an Officials" and "Tongguan Officials", the "three farewells" are "Newlywed Farewell", "Homeless Farewell" and "Elderly Farewell". Du Fu's poems have the largest and most widespread circulation among Tang poems. He is one of the most outstanding poets in the Tang Dynasty and has a profound influence on later generations.
In the 19th year of Kaiyuan (when he was 20 years old), he began to roam Wuyue. Five years later, he returned to Luoyang to take the exam, but he failed. Travel to Qi and Zhao again. Later, they met in Luoyang and the two formed a profound friendship. Between the ages of thirty-five and forty-four, Du Fu first took the examination in Chang'an and failed. Later, he presented gifts to the emperor and gave gifts to the nobles, and lived a life of "taking care of the rich in the morning, following the fat horse in the evening, leaving cups and cold dishes, and hiding sorrow everywhere". Finally, he was led by the right guard to join the army. (Mainly a petty official who guards the armor, weapons, and keys of the treasury). During this period, he wrote poems such as "The Journey of Military Chariots" and "The Journey of Beauties" that criticized current affairs and satirized the powerful. "Five Hundred Words on Empathy from Beijing to Fengxian County" is particularly famous, marking that he reached a new height in his understanding of court politics and social reality after experiencing ten years of hard life in Chang'an.
After the outbreak of the Tongguan War, Du Fu settled his family in the state and went to Suzong alone. On the way, he was captured by the Anshi rebels and taken to Chang'an. Facing the chaotic Chang'an and hearing the news of repeated defeats of the army, he wrote poems such as "Moonlight Night", "Spring View", "Aijiangtou", "Sadness of Chen Tao" and other poems. Later he absconded to Fengxiangxingzai and worked as Zuo Shiyi. Because of his loyal words and outspoken advice, Shangshu was demoted to Huazhou Si Gong and joined the army for having sex with the prime minister. Later, he truly recorded his experiences in the form of poetry, which became his immortal works, namely "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells". With the defeat of the army in Xiangzhou in the ninth quarter and the famine in Guanfu, Du Fu abandoned his official position and fled to Chengdu with his family and the people, where he lived a relatively stable life. When Yan Wu entered the court, he drifted to Zizhou and Langzhou. After Yan Wu's death, he wandered again, living in Kuizhou for two years, and then drifted to Hubei and Hunan, where he died of illness on the Xiangjiang River.
Du Fu was good at using many systems of classical poetry and developing them creatively. He is the pioneer of the new Yuefu style of poetry. His Yuefu poems contributed to the development of the New Yuefu Movement in the mid-Tang Dynasty. His May 7 ancient novel is both poetry and history. It unfolds the narrative, but also focuses on the convolution of the entire article, marking a high achievement in the art of poetry in my country. Du Fu also showed significant creativity in the Five and Seven Rhythms, and accumulated complete artistic experience in rhythm, antithesis, word and sentence refining, etc., bringing this genre to a fully mature stage.
The core of Du Fu's thought is the thought of benevolent government. He had the grand ambition to "serve the kings Yao and Shun, and then make customs pure". He loves life, loves the people, and loves the great rivers and mountains of the motherland. He hates evil and exposes and criticizes the corruption of the court and the dark phenomena in social life. He sympathized with the people and even fantasized about being willing to make self-sacrifice to relieve their suffering. Therefore, his poetry creation always runs through the main line of concern for the country and the people, with the most ordinary people as the protagonists. This shows Du Fu's greatness. His poems have rich social content, strong color of the times and distinct political tendencies. They truly and profoundly reflect the political current affairs and the broad picture of social life in a historical era before and after the Anshi Rebellion. Therefore, they are called the "history of poetry" of a generation.
Du Fu wrote more than a thousand poems in his life, among which the famous ones are "Three Officials", "Three Farewells", "The Troops and Chariots", "Song of Thatched Cottage Broken by the Autumn Wind", "Beauty's Journey" ", "Spring Hope", etc. Du Fu's poems fully expressed his deep sympathy for the people and exposed the sharp opposition between the exploiters and the exploited in feudal society: "The wine and meat in the rich families smell stinky, and there are frozen bones on the road!" This immortal poem has been passed down from generation to generation. remembered by the Chinese people. "Dare to love to death in times of crisis, lonely and heartbroken!" This is a full demonstration of Du Fu's incomparable love for the motherland, which makes his poems highly popular. Du Fu's patriotic enthusiasm is also fully reflected in famous works such as "Looking at Spring" and "Hearing that the Government's Army Takes Henan and Hebei". In "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells", he praised the patriotic spirit of the people who endured all sufferings, and showed his innocent heart of patriotism and love for the people in front of readers. Out of love for the motherland and the people, he must have a strong hatred for the luxurious and dissolute appearance of the ruling class and the crimes that harm the country and the people. This point has been vividly expressed in the immortal masterpieces "The Journey of Military Chariots" and "The Journey of Beauties". A great patriot's concern for his country and his people must be reflected in other aspects. Some of Du Fu's poems about objects and scenes, and even his lyrical poems about couples, brothers, and friends, are all filled with deep feelings for the motherland and the people.
In short, Du Fu's poems are an artistic record of the Tang Empire's transition from prosperity to decline. With his positive spirit of joining the world, Du Fu bravely, faithfully and profoundly reflected the extremely broad social reality. No matter what kind of dangerous situation he was in, he never lost confidence. In the long history of literature in my country, the cognitive role of Du Fu's poetry has been The reference, educational and aesthetic functions are all difficult to achieve. The greatest artistic feature of Du's poetry is that the poet often hides his subjective feelings in objective descriptions, allowing the things themselves to impress the readers. For example, in "Beauty's Journey", the poet did not directly reprimand the Yang brothers and sisters for their dissoluteness. However, the author's love-hate attitude has been fully revealed from the specific description of their clothing, diet, etc.
The language of Du's poems is plain, simple, popular and realistic, but it shows great skill. He also often uses monologues and sayings to highlight the personality of the characters.
When depicting characters, he is particularly good at grasping the details of description. For example, a paragraph about his wife and children in "The Northern Expedition" is a very prominent example. Du Fu's poetic style is changeable, but overall, it can be summarized as melancholy and frustrated. The melancholy here refers to the deep and profound meaning of the article, and the frustration refers to the ups and downs of emotions, the ups and downs of tone and syllables. All of this established Du Fu's status as the supreme "sage of poetry" in the history of Chinese literature for more than three thousand years.