Dynasty: Tang Dynasty
Author: Zhang Ji
Original text:
Crows fell on the moon, crowed coldly, slept on maple trees, and slept in fishing lanes by the river.
In the lonely Hanshan Temple outside Suzhou, the bell that rang in the middle of the night reached the passenger ship.
Translation and annotation
translate
The moon has set, crows are still crowing, twilight is hazy, frost. The maple trees by the river and the fishing fire on the boat make it difficult for a person to sleep. In the lonely and quiet Hanshan Temple outside Gusu, the bell that rang in the middle of the night reached the passenger ship I was riding. ?
To annotate ...
Qiao Feng: Outside Nagato, Suzhou. The title of this poem is also called Sleeping at Maple Bridge at Night.
Berthing at night: To berth a ship at night.
Jiang Feng: The names of the two bridges next to Hanshan Temple: Jiangcun Bridge and Qiao Feng Bridge. Qiao Feng is also known as Qiao Feng? . According to the Records of the Unification of the Qing Dynasty, this bridge was not originally called Qiao Feng, but was originally a waterway traffic artery and a dock where ships docked. Before the Tang Dynasty, water bandits and pirates often invaded, so the bridge was blocked every night to ensure safety, so it was named Qiao Feng.
Gusu: Suzhou is another name, named after Gusu Mountain in the southwest of the city.
Hanshan Temple: Near Qiao Feng, it was built in the Southern Liang Dynasty. According to legend, it was named after Hanshan, a monk who lived here in the Tang Dynasty. In Xifengqiao Town, Suzhou today. The real name is Miaoliping Pagoda, also known as Qiao Feng Temple; Another way of saying it, "Cold Mountain" refers to Cold Mountain, not the name of the temple.
Midnight bell: At that time, the monk temple had the habit of ringing bells in the middle of the night, which was also called "impermanence bell". Ouyang Xiu's Poem on June 1st once said: "Poets are greedy for good sentences, but they are unreasonable and inarticulate. For example, in the Tang Dynasty, there was a saying that' Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, the bell rang at midnight to the passenger ship', and it would be better for people to say it, for example, midnight is not the time to ring the bell. " "Geng Xi Shi Hua" demonstrates here: "However, I used to be an official in Gusu, and every three drums were exhausted. At the beginning of the fourth drum, all the bells rang, thinking that it had been since the Tang Dynasty. Looking back on Gu Yu's poems, he said, "Be sure to know your friends at home and listen to the midnight bell of Goushan in the distance." Bai Letian said, "Under the new autumn pine, after midnight." Wen Tingyun said:' Looking back at the leisure list frequently, there is no midnight clock in the window.' So the elder said, not just Zhang. "Sun Song's quatrain" Crossing the Qiao Feng Temple "says:" A white head is dreaming, and a green hill will not change its old appearance. The five bodies of the moon fall on the temple by the bridge, and the pillow still smells midnight. " "Poetry" said: "Zhang Ji's" Midnight Bells to Passenger Ships "has always been talked about, and it was all fooled by former people. Poetry flows from the scenery only in the tone of melody, and the combination of interest and image is only a fact. How can he be idle? Whether it is right or wrong in the middle of the night, that is, whether the bell smells or not, is unknown. " "Don't lose money in Tang poetry": "The bell at night, or it is wrong, or there is a midnight bell here, is not the way. If you want it, the poet can't be persistent. If you persist, then' the morning bell is wet outside the clouds',' the bell and the white clouds' and' the fallen leaves are full of sparse bells' are all unreasonable. "
Enjoy 1
This is the most famous poem in Dali. The whole poem begins with a sad word. The first two sentences are full of images: falling moon, crow, frosty sky, Jiang Feng, fishing fire, sleepless people, which creates an aesthetic situation with rich meanings and rhymes. These two sentences not only describe the scenery along the river in autumn night, but also express the author's homesickness. The last two sentences, the image of the city, the image of the temple, the image of the ship and the image of the bell, are an ethereal and far-reaching artistic conception. It is difficult to see things at night without a moon, fishing and fire are eye-catching, frost and snow are cold; Midnight is a silent moment, but I hear crows and bells. This contrast between light and shade, silence and sound, makes the scenery all in love, the sound all in sound, the artistic conception scattered and scattered, muddy and far away. A faint ray of guest sorrow is blurred and meaningful, swaying in the night sky of Gusu City, adding eternal amorous feelings to the bridges, water, temples and cities there and attracting dream seekers from ancient times to the present. "Three Poems of Tang Poetry" "The whole poem begins with' worrying about sleep', and the beauty lies in silence." "Tasha Tang Poetry": "The word" worrying about sleep "is the whole chapter. Clearly swearing the word' worry', misreading the evening scene, tossing and turning. " "Interpretation of Ancient Poetry": "This poem is the best, like a connection, like a break, like a connection."
The poet's thinking is meticulous. Six scenes are included in just four poems, and a quiet and distant artistic conception is constructed in the most poetic language: fishing by the river in autumn night, and passengers lying listening to the bells in the quiet night. The selection of all scenery is unique: one is static and one is dynamic, one is bright and the other is dark. The collocation of scenery and the artistic conception of characters have reached a high degree of tacit understanding and blending, and * * * has formed this artistic realm that has become a model for later generations. Its famous sentence is: "Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, the bell rings at midnight to the passenger ship."
"a night-mooring near maple bridge" describes an autumn night, when a poet berthed at Fengqiao outside Suzhou. The beautiful scenery of autumn night in Jiangnan water town attracted this wanderer with travel worries, which made him appreciate a meaningful poetic beauty and wrote this poem with far-reaching artistic conception. Expressed the poet's lonely and sad thoughts and feelings during his journey.
Why did the poet stay up all night? The first sentence wrote three closely related scenes: "The moon sets, crows crow and the sky is covered with frost". The first quarter moon rises early, and when the moon sets, it is about dawn, and birds in the trees will also crow at dawn. The "frost" of autumn night is suffused with the chill of soaking bones and muscles, which surrounds the poet's boat from all directions, making him feel that the vast night sky outside is filled with frost. In the second sentence, the poet used "Jiang Feng" and "fishing fire" to stay up all night.
Summary: The first two sentences describe six kinds of scenes, namely "the moon sets", "crows", "first frost is full of sky", "Jiangfeng", "fishing fire" and the guests on board who stayed up all night. The last two sentences only describe the scene of Meng Xun ringing the bell and boarding the boat at Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City. The first two sentences were seen by the poet, and the last two sentences were heard by the poet. In the silent night, I suddenly heard the distant bell. How did the poet feel when he stayed up all night? Facing the Jiang Feng fishing fire wandering in the frosty night, I felt a faint sadness. This poem "Midnight Bell" not only sets off the quietness of the night, but also reveals the depth of the night. Needless to say, the poet feels all kinds of unspeakable feelings when lying down and listening to the bell.
This poem is written in flashback, first writing the scene at dawn, and then recalling the scene last night and the midnight bell. The whole poem is full of colorful feelings and scenes.
Appreciate II
One autumn night, the poet anchored at Fengqiao outside Suzhou. The beautiful scenery of autumn night in Jiangnan water town attracted this traveler with travel worries, which made him appreciate a poetic beauty with meaningful feelings and wrote this poem with clear artistic conception.
The title is "Sleeping at Night", in fact, it only describes the sight and feeling at midnight. The first sentence of the poem describes three closely related scenes at midnight: the setting of the moon, crows and frost all over the sky. The first quarter moon rose early and sank in the middle of the night, leaving only a gray light and shadow in the whole sky. The tree perches probably because of the change of light and shade before and after the setting of the moon, and after being awakened, it makes several crows. The moon sets in the middle of the night, and the frost is black. In the dark and quiet environment, people's feeling of cold at night becomes particularly acute. The description of "frost all over the sky" does not conform to the reality of the natural landscape (frost is on the ground but not in the sky), but it completely conforms to the poet's feelings: the chill that attacks the bones and muscles in the middle of the night and the boats that the poet berthed from all directions at night make him feel that the boundless night sky outside him is filled with frost. The whole sentence, written by the setting moon, written by crows and written by frost all over the sky, clearly reflects a continuous process of time and feeling. And all this is harmoniously unified in the cold and cheerless atmosphere of autumn night in the water town and the lonely feeling of travelers. From here we can see the poet's meticulous thinking.
The second sentence of this poem continues to describe the characteristic scene of "a night-mooring near maple bridge" and the feelings of travelers. In the dim night, the trees by the river can only see a vague outline. Perhaps the reason why they are called "Jiangfeng" is a guess caused by the name Qiao Feng, or the image of "Jiangfeng" is chosen to give readers a hint of autumn. "There is a maple on Zhanjiang River, which hurts spring thoughts" and "There is no sorrow on the green maple". These poems of predecessors can explain the emotional content precipitated by the word "Jiang Feng" and its association. Through the misty river, you can see several "fishing fires" dotted around, which are particularly eye-catching and charming because of the hazy and misty background around. "River Wind" and "Fishing Fire", one is quiet and one is moving, one is dark and the other is on the river. The combination of scenery is quite intentional. When I wrote this article, I pointed out the passengers moored at Qiao Feng Bridge. "Sleeping in sorrow" refers to a traveler lying on the boat with travel worries. The word "right" in "opposite" contains the meaning of "partner", but it is not as exposed as the word "partner". There are indeed lonely travelers here, who are haunted by lingering light worries when fishing on frosty nights, but at the same time they imply a fresh feeling for the beautiful scenery of the journey. From the seemingly objective word "right", it seems that we can feel a silent blend and fit between the passengers inside the ship and the scenery outside the ship.
The scenery in front of the poem is very dense, and six scenes are written in fourteen words, but the pictures behind it are particularly sparse. The two poems only wrote one thing: sleeping in the night clock of the mountain temple. This is because the midnight bell of Hanshan Temple is the most vivid, profound and poetic impression the poet got in a night-mooring near maple bridge. Moonsetting, Frosty Night, Fishing by the River, Lonely Boat and other scenes. It shows the characteristics of night parking near Fengqiao in all aspects, but it is not enough to convey its charm. In the dark night, people's hearing rises to the first place to feel the sight of external things. And the silent night bell gives people a particularly strong impression. In this way, the "Midnight Bell" not only sets off the quietness of the night, but also reveals the depth and clarity of the night. The poet's unspeakable feelings when lying listening to the bell are beyond words.
It seems that "Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City" cannot be ignored here. Hanshan Temple, located in the west of Qiao Feng, was founded in the Liang Dynasty. Hanshan, a poet and monk in the early Tang Dynasty, once lived here, hence the name. The poetic beauty of Qiao Feng, together with this ancient temple, has brought the color of history and culture, making it more rich and moving. Therefore, the "midnight bell" of Hanshan Temple seems to echo the echo of history, permeated with religious feelings, giving people a sense of simplicity and solemnity. It seems that the poet pointed out the source of the bell with a poem. With the stroke of midnight in Hanshan Temple, the charm of "a night-mooring near maple bridge" can be perfectly expressed. This poem no longer stays at the level of pure landscape painting on autumn nights in Qiao Feng, but creates a typical artistic conception of blending scenes. Although the custom of midnight was recorded as early as in heather, it was Zhang Ji's creation to write it into poetry and become the eye of poetic artistic conception. At the same time or after Zhang Ji, although many poets described midnight, they did not reach Zhang Ji's level, let alone create a complete artistic conception.
The work misreads the frosty night, and Jiang Feng sleeps in the fire. In the lonely Hanshan Temple outside Suzhou, the bell that rang in the middle of the night reached the passenger ship. According to contemporary research, "the moon sets" is not the name of a village or a bridge, but the name of a mountain. And "Jiangfeng" is not a maple tree by the river, but also the name of the bridge. As a result, the hazy moonlight, the looming maple trees between fishing and fire, and the excited crows all disappeared. A poem that has been handed down for thousands of years has become so concrete and true, and the hazy, quiet, cold and beautiful autumn night picture of Jiangnan water town has disappeared, leaving only a string of village names or bridge names. There is no denying that I still like the artistic conception and charm I read in my childhood, although it is a misunderstanding. I remember that many years ago there was a popular song "The Sound of the Waves Still", and there was such a sentence in the lyrics: "Take away a lamp and let it warm my eyes; Leave a true feeling, let it anchor at the maple bridge ","The lingering sound still beats my sleepless night ","The moon is always a thousand years old ... "and so on. Although these are two different works of art, it is obvious that the sound of the waves is still the same, and the misunderstood artistic conception of a night-mooring near maple bridge is inextricably linked. It seems that more people still agree with misread poems. In the lyrics, "Outside the pavilion, beside the ancient road, the grass is green, the willow flute is played in the evening wind, and the sunset outside the mountain" is sung by many people ... "It is" beyond the Great Wall ". Taiwan Province woman writer Xi Murong once wrote such a thing in an article called Swallow: Her father likes this song and often hums. And when his daughter corrected him one day and said that the song "The Great Wall" was wrong, it should be "Outside the Pavilion", he repeatedly said: "How is it outside the Pavilion? Why not outside the Great Wall? I always thought it was outside the Great Wall. What a pity! I always thought it was outside the Great Wall. I thought it was about our hometown ... but I heard it wrong for so many years! "Yes, for those wanderers, the thought of the Great Wall naturally reminds them of their hometown and motherland. ("Beautiful Mistake") But it is reported that these mountains and bridges are all named after this poem.
Zhang Ji, a little-known poet in the Tang Dynasty, left several poems, but the poem "a night-mooring near maple bridge" has accompanied Suzhou City and Hanshan Temple for thousands of years.