(1) "The floating life is very bitter and busy, and the banquet is over. Sorrow and joy are still illusory, and ancient and modern dreams are absurd. Men's words are tearful in tea, more infatuated and bitter. It' s extraordinary to work hard for ten years. "
There is an example in JOE's book and this poem. This poem is written between the first paragraph and the second paragraph. I wonder who wrote this poem, was it Zhi Yanzhai or someone else? Mr. Hu Shi believes that this is the last topic of the book written by the author himself; Maybe it was written by Zhi Yanzhai. We are inclined to what the author wrote. The first four sentences of this poem say, why is life so busy? Are you so busy every day for money, fame and profit? ! The feast will come to an end, even the best party and the grand banquet will come to an end. All the ups and downs, ups and downs, joys and sorrows in life are illusory. Heroes, heroes, emperors and generals have all died in ancient and modern history. Looking back, it's ridiculous. People die, so everything is empty. This is superficial. What the author really wants to express is that fame and fortune are not worth pursuing and striving for. Such a society has stifled human nature and caused many tragedies in the world. It is suggested that we should not cooperate with the rulers. You see, those women who drink tea are so sad that they shed tears. Don't look at them with arrogance and contempt. They are infatuated with their tragic fate. The author wrote this book with blood and tears. "Every word is like blood, and ten years of hard work is extraordinary", which means that A Dream of Red Mansions accuses feudal society of women's tears and tragedies. The deeper meaning is that those women all represent the flowers of Qin and Han culture, and their tragedy is the tragedy of the destruction of Qin and Han culture.
(2) "There is no material to fill the sky, and it is wasted into the world of mortals. This department is behind us, who will remember to make a strange biography? "
This is the lyrics written on Kistler, and it is also the soul confession of Kistler after writing a book. Its soul confession is inferiority and modesty? Or blame yourself? Or self-promotion and pride? Maybe both. It is the innate law of Nu Wa that a stone can't make up the sky. God gave me this stone, but he didn't let me fill the sky. At first, I was sad. Later, after experiencing the world of mortals, I found that this "heaven" killed people by reason and should not be made up at all. Nu Wa is really wise. But after all, I am the son of heaven and earth, but I can't change the tragic fate of the women around me, and I have failed the divinity of Nu Wa, and I have come to the world for so many years in vain. However, I have a special mission. Maybe I can't make up for Jiangning's silver loss and live up to my family's expectations. But I experienced the world of mortals, subverted the tradition, ended the history and restored the culture of Qin and Han Dynasties. No one understands me. They are willing to be slaves, but they treat me as an alien. With my special status, experience and achievements, who can I ask to make a biography for me? This poem points out that this book is a story of stone. The couplet in the first poem means "heaven and earth will be connected", so the stone is the son of heaven and earth. "Who will remember to make a strange biography?" Reminds me of Chen Ziang's "Before me, where did those lost times go?" Behind me, are the future generations? " . I think of heaven and earth, there is no limit, there is no end, I am alone, tears fell down. "That kind of loneliness and transcendence is sad and even more proud. Some people say that the author borrows the story of the goddess mending the sky to say that "there is no material to mend the sky", and its double meaning is that there is no material to mend the sky and no money to mend the sky. No talent to fill the sky is the god of Jiangning weaving, and no money to fill the sky is no money to fill the silver deficit. The key is to understand the meaning of "the legend of mischief" The historical mission of this stone is to revive the culture of Qin and Han Dynasties. Stone-waiter in Shen Ying-Baoyu was born with jade, which means mending the sky-protecting flowers-psychosexuality. The core is to protect flowers and maintain the flowers of Qin and Han culture.
(3) "full of absurd words, bitter tears! Dou Yun's author is crazy, who can understand the taste?
Cao Xueqin spent ten years in mourning for Hong, adding and deleting five times, cataloguing them, and dividing them into chapters, entitled Twelve Women in Jinling. Wrote this four-line poem. The author said: A Dream of Red Mansions is full of absurd words; You see, Baoyu was a stone abandoned by Nu Wa in his last life, which is ridiculous. Baoyu's family is well-off, and his fame is easy to get; But isn't it ridiculous that he refused to be a flower protector? Baoyu also made a strange lewdness in the lust of men and women, which is even more ridiculous! Where did I know that Baoyu in my pen shouldered the mission of Nuwa? He comes from the peak of love and wants to be a sentient and righteous escort? The police fairy commented on Baoyu with obscenity and named Baoyu as a sentimental monk. If you know Baoyu, you will call him stupid. If you don't know Baoyu, you will call him stupid. Who in the world really understands Baoyu? So this quatrain corresponds to the record of loving monks. Sadly, Baoyu does not have the creativity of Nu Wa, nor can he change the tragic fate of his daughter in the Grand View Garden. I can only spare no effort to love them, but it often brings them bad luck. They cried bitterly and Baoyu was heartbroken. I really don't understand why all this happened. "Who knows the taste"? The poem implies that this is an "absurd" pun! It is absurd ethics that harms people, absurd customs that poison people, and absurd autocracy that kills people. It is the absurd society in the last days of feudalism that has created countless human tragedies. The absurd political implication is that in the Qing dynasty without culture, the master and servant were reversed and the culture of Qin and Han dynasties was tampered with and destroyed; This is the real tragedy. After all, fighting against the Qing Dynasty and regaining sight is political naivety, and cultural aggression is the biggest tragedy. Don't forget your surname, your cultural blood, and the profound and poetic Qin and Han culture. My Dream of Red Mansions records the rich, broad and poetic culture in Qin and Han Dynasties. Please remember it.
(4) "It is true when it is false, and it is true when it is false. There is no place for inaction."
This is a couplet on both sides of the "dreamland". As the couplet says, if you take falsehood seriously, it really becomes falsehood; If you treat what you don't have as something, some will become nothing. JOE is a palindrome, which is the same as reading backwards. Zhen dreamed of this couplet for the first time and Jia Baoyu dreamed of it for the fifth time. The concept of true and false here has three meanings. First, it is difficult to distinguish between true and false personnel phenomena in society. Some people take all the fakes seriously, but treat the real ones as fakes; Some people are just the opposite. When the author created A Dream of Red Mansions, he came up with a story that is difficult to distinguish between true and false, which not only avoided harm, but also guided readers to transcend true and false and truly understand the connotation of the novel. Second, the judgment of truth and falsehood depends on people's core values. Jia Baoyu and Zhen Baoyu are examples. At first, Zhen Baoyu had the same temper and hobbies as Jia Baoyu. But in the end, Zhen Baoyu embarked on the road of official career economy and official career. According to secular standards, he changed from false to true. In Jia Baoyu's view, he changed his nature and was a false Confucianism and Taoism, so he changed from true to false. Jia Baoyu is really a thoughtful, intelligent and talented person who always sticks to his soul but is not understood. This implies the author's satire and exposure to society. Third, truth and falsehood are relative and can be transformed into each other. The characters in A Dream of Red Mansions have prototypes and imaginations, which can be described as "true and false, false and true"; The real person is vague and obscure, and the dummy is real and vivid. The artistic image has truly reached the lofty realm of "truth and falsehood, falsehood and truth" and "something is nothing, nothing is something". In a word, this pair of couplets explains the philosophies of "false", "true", "being" and "nothing" and is a reminder for readers to read A Dream of Red Mansions. At the same time, it also gives readers profound enlightenment in understanding. In addition, Zhen and Jia Baoyu both dreamed of the same couplet, which may mean that although their choices are the same, Zhen's abandonment of the cliff is due to his empty view of color; Jia Baoyu abandoned the cliff because he ended his family's continuation and his grief and helplessness that his ideal could not be realized. The realm of life is different from the ideal.
(5) "I laugh at you silly, I am surprised by the snow. After the Lantern Festival, it's time for the smoke to go out. "
Seeing that Yin Shi was holding a winning streak, the monk burst into tears and said to Yin Shi, "benefactor, what are you doing holding this unhelpful thing in your arms that affects your parents?" Yin Shi knew it was crazy and ignored him. The monk also said, "Let me go, let me go!" Yin Shi was impatient, so he hugged his daughter and quit. The monk pointed at him and smiled and read four words. It means: Yin Shi, why spoil her? Children have their own lives. My old monk laughed at your dementia and didn't know this truth. Ling Hua blooms in June and summer, but snowflakes are fluttering in winter. When your daughter was born, she married the wrong man. You should be careful not to be abducted during the Lantern Festival, or you will lose her for life. This is Xiangling's poor fate. Everyone knows the foreshadowing effect of this poem on the plot; However, the moral of this theme is little known. Win in a row (Ying Xi) implies that the daughters in the Grand View Garden have the same fate as Xiangling, but they are all robbed, abducted and sold. What robbed, kidnapped and sold them was a dirty man's world, a declining family and a feudal society. The moral of historical facts is: master and servant are upside down, and Ming and Qing dynasties are upside down; Things happen by accident, and fate is impermanent. In addition, Cao Cao was robbed on the eve of the Lantern Festival in the sixth year of Yongzheng, which shows that Cao Fu is also very suitable. He is also a person who involves his parents, and he is also spoiled and inappropriate. Yongzheng came to power, Cao Cao suffered, and Cao Fu was jailed. Therefore, we should sympathize with Cao Fu, not blame Cao Fu. This is Cao Fu's self-liberation and self-comfort, and he should be the creator of the novel. The author uses the hint of Zhen's fate to compare the fate of Jia's family. Because A Dream of Red Mansions is "false (Jia) is true (Zhen), true (Zhen) is also false (Jia)", the rise and fall of Zhen Shi family has foreshadowing and symbolic significance for Jia furniture. The first two sentences of this poem allude to the unfortunate experience that the lotus in the town fell into Xue Pan's hands and became a concubine. In the last two sentences, the description of the disappearance of the midnight snack in Yuan Dynasty is used to describe the tragic ending of Jia Fu's "Baidicheng is really clean". "After the Lantern Festival, it is the time when the smoke goes out", with two letters in one hand and two songs in one song, not only implies the disappearance at midnight snack, but also points out that the fifty-third "Rongguofu Lantern Festival Banquet" is the turning point of Jia's rise and fall. The last sentence, saying that Zhen's family died out, is actually a metaphor for Jia's tragic ending of "a vast expanse of whiteness is really clean".
(6) "I'm not sure about my future wishes. I feel worried frequently. When bored, close your forehead and go back several times. Who cares about romantic affairs? If you are interested, go to Renren Building first. "
It's raining here. Turn over the books to relieve boredom. Suddenly, I heard a woman coughing outside the window. Yucun got up and looked out of the window. It turned out to be a maid, picking flowers there, with good looks and clear eyes. Although it is not very beautiful, it is also very touching. Yucun was shocked. Yucun met Zhen's maid and looked at him twice since that day. Since he thought he was a bosom friend, he always took it to heart. Today is the Mid-Autumn Festival, and the family dinner in Yin Shi has ended. However, there is another seat in his study, but he came to the temple to invite Yucun himself. Yucun couldn't help but be pregnant with the moon, so she spoke in five words: I don't know if I have any karma with her in previous lives, but I have been in love for a long time and added a period of sadness. When I was bored, I frowned and thought hard. I always wondered if she was interested in me when she turned back. It's a pity that I didn't achieve fame or anything. I just cherish my lonely and sad shadow, yes, who can stand the distress of being alone without a partner in the Mid-Autumn Festival? Moonlight If you understand my pains, please climb the right person's upstairs for me and convey my love for her. This poem expresses Yucun's true feelings, reflects a poor scholar's desire for women and wealth, and paves the way for his future changes. Therefore, it is also a metaphor that the author remembers the ladies who loved him when the dust falls, and wants to make a biography for them in the language of literature. Some people think that this poem corresponds to A Treasure Mirror of Yue Feng.
(7) "Jade seeks a good price in the nest, and the hairpin stays in the nest to fly."
Yucun sang a poem before, because he thought about his life ambition, but he didn't meet the opportunity, so he scratched his head, sighed at the sky and sang again. Just when Yin Shi came, he heard it and said with a smile, "Brother Yucun is really ambitious!" "Jade asked for a good price in previous lives", from The Analects of Confucius Zi Han: Yue: "If there is beautiful jade in Sri Lanka, is it all over?" Seeking good sales? " Confucius said, "Sell it, sell it!" I am also waiting for Jia (price). "Well" means "thank you", which is a kind of transaction box. This is Confucius' metaphor. Talented people wait for opportunities and wait for a big price to sell jade. "Stay and fly" originated from a fairy tale. According to the Records of the Cave Ghosts quoted in Taiping YuLan, it is said that in the first year of Sheng Yuan, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, a goddess left a jade hairpin. When Emperor Zhao was shown, someone stole the box, but there was no Hosta. Only a Bai Yan flew out of it and went to heaven. "Waiting for time to fly" is also a metaphor for being an official. "Lotus" is a box for women to decorate. Poetry can express ambition. Judging from the actual content of couplets, it lays the groundwork for the development and changes of Jia Yucun's thoughts and behaviors in the following paragraphs. In the first part, jade compares with herself in the box, and in the second part, Chai compares with herself in the box; Waiting for an opportunity to sell Hosta shows Jia Yucun's desire for career success, which is vivid and incisive. In writing techniques, the use of metaphors and allusions has reached a level of perfection and vividness. Isn't this a vivid portrayal of the souls of those who covet fame and fortune and wait for the price to sell?
The genius of this couplet is that Jia Yucun's "surname" and "word" are naturally and skillfully embedded together. The homonym "Jia" of "seeking a good price"; "Time flies" is Jia Yucun's word. Some people think that the word "jade" in the first couplet refers to Jia Baoyu, suggesting that Baoyu was later arrested and imprisoned, and Daiyu died of grief and indignation, and Baoyu's ideal failed; The word "Chai" in the second couplet implicitly refers to Xue Baochai, implying that Baochai is obedient and clumsy, but always wants to "send me to Qingyun by good wind". Couplets also have their own hidden meanings. Seeing Cao Xueqin's creative intention, Zhi Yanzhai criticized the couplet: "In the past, two jade were combined, but now two treasures are combined, which is the eye of the book." The cultural meaning of these words has been discussed above.
(8) "Every three to five days will be reunited, and the jade fence will be full of light. I turned around in the sky before I came out, and the surnames in the world looked up. "
In the first round of the bright moon, the flying colors were brilliant, and the two were even more excited, and the wine dried up. Yucun was already seven or eight points drunk at this time, and he couldn't help being crazy. He is pregnant with the moon, and his slogan is necessary. Hearing this, Yin Shi shouted, "Great! Every time I say that my brother is not a permanent resident, I see signs of soaring today, and I will soon be able to walk on the Yun Ni. Congratulations! " The fat group said, "The heart of the treacherous man is not revealed." This poem Yucun takes the moon as a metaphor and the jade fence as an official symbol, which shows that he is a man who can do whatever it takes to achieve fame regardless of the truth. Even if he is a false Confucian, as long as he succeeds in officialdom, 10 thousand people still admire him. This social phenomenon is very sad. According to Chen Shidao's Poem on the Back Hill, in the Southern Tang Dynasty, Song Taizu and Zhao Kuangyin read Xu Xuan the poem "Chanting to the Moon" written before he became a nobleman. Xu Xuan read the sentence "It's not until it's dark at the bottom of the sea in Qian Shan that he can reach the countries of Zhongtian", and thought it was an omen of the emperor, which was greatly appreciated. Jia imitated it and praised it: "Today, I have seen the signs of flying." Is Jia Yucun a metaphor for Yongzheng here?
Our question is, since "jade asks for a good price in the nest, while women wait in the nest to fly" has already shown Jia Yucun's mind of waiting for the right moment and prospering, why did he show his flying signs in the Mid-Autumn Festival? Is it just the plot? The author may have a special meaning to "35". Some people think that in the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1664), Li Zicheng arrived at the gates of Beijing on March 15, surrounded Beijing on March 17, and Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself in Jingshan Park, which was the change of Shen Jia in the history of China. 19, Li Zicheng entered the Forbidden City. Zhen said that "19 years old is the ecliptic period", suggesting that the author hopes that the Han people will gain political power, so there will be no 19-year-old bones in Yangzhou. It is a word of grief and indignation, and it is also a feeling of hope. Jia Xu raised his eyebrows and criticized: "This poem is not intended, but someone has to get out of Yucun. Starting from Mid-Autumn Poems, collect them with Mid-Autumn Poems, and use poetry clubs in autumn. Sigher Sanchun also uses Sanqiu as the key. " Maybe the author deliberately concealed the meaning.
However, some people think that this poem corresponds to the twelve women in Jinling. Why? Three, five, fifteen, aren't there fifteen women? Refers to fifteen women with judgments, including twelve women in the main volume, Xiangling in the auxiliary volume and xiren and Qingwen in the auxiliary volume; Followed by five questions and five poems. This book has five layers of structure and five meanings, and finally forms a complete moral structure. Third, Nuwa stone is a five-color stone, representing five meanings. Green, "green gauze is pasted on the awning window now", is a symbol of prosperity, pride and prosperity. White, "Yesterday, the dragon head in the loess gave white bones", is a symbol of death, separation and decline. Yellow, "Yesterday, the loess dragon head sent white bones", is a symbol of desolation and depression. Red, "Yuanyang lying at the bottom of the red light account tonight", is a symbol of romance, love and warmth. Purple is a symbol of officialdom, power and politics.
If so, the moral of "reunion every three weeks" is that a person's work is complete if it can be fully understood. This perfection will protect the soul of Baoyu and the ideal world of the daughter of the Grand View Garden. In this way, his works are like a bright moon in the sky, which makes thousands of people in Qian Qian look up, and the ideal world in his works can also become the yearning and pursuit of thousands of people in Qian Qian. The Grand View Garden of Qin and Han Dynasties can really let a hundred flowers blossom. We can't judge the true meaning of this poem.
(9) "Everyone knows that immortals are good, and fame is unforgettable! Where will the past and present be? A pile of grass on the wasteland is missing. Everyone knows that the fairy is good, but gold and silver can't forget it! In the end, I only hate getting together, but I close my eyes for a long time. Everyone knows that immortals are good, and only a good wife can forget them! You said hello on your birthday, and you died with others. Everyone knows that immortals are good, and only children and grandchildren can't forget them! Since ancient times, there have been many infatuated parents. Who has seen filial piety for children and grandchildren? "
This is a few words read by a lame Taoist when he was distracted. After reading it, he said, "It can be seen that all things in the world are rewarded with good deeds, and good deeds are rewarded with good deeds." If not, that's not good. If it's good, it must be. My song is called "Good Song". "He warned people to fully understand and put aside all the troubles in the world; What fame, gold and silver, a good wife, children and grandchildren are illusory; Everything will change, not forever. The author wants us to think: What kind of ideal society should we build? What should we inherit forever? So this poem should correspond to A Dream of Red Mansions. The word "dream" is a pun with an illusory concept of color space; There is also a vision for an ideal society in the future. The negative color of a good song is very obvious, but we can't simply discard it as dross. Because the author intends to write this "good song", it is a criticism of the social reality he hates, although it is a negative criticism. The author personally experienced the pain of aristocratic families from prosperity to decline, and thought about it for most of his life, which aroused his strong indignation. He can curse if he wants, and "Good Song" is a song that scolds. The author's feelings are very complicated. He devoted himself to creating a picturesque environment like the Grand View Garden, creating so many kind and pure images of girls and depicting so many interesting things. It can be seen that the author knows life and has such an elegant life interest! In the end, everything he loved or hated was destroyed together, which made him fall into a kind of mental pain that he could not get rid of. The author's nihilistic concept implies that we should not cooperate with the rulers, and everything is empty.
Then came Yin Shi's explanation: "The humble room is empty. The bed was covered with grass and withered, and it used to be a ballroom. (meaning the rise and fall of the family) Spider silk covers the carved beams, and now the green yarn sticks to the awning window (meaning Xiaoxiang Pavilion, Ziyunxuan, etc.). What do you mean, thick fat and fragrant powder, how can the sideburns melt the frost (implying Baochai and Xiangyun)? Yesterday, the loess dragon head sent white bones (meaning that Daiyu Qingwen was a bunch of people), and tonight Yuanyang was lying at the bottom of the red light account (meaning that a wife and a concubine died in the new year, grateful for love, painful and sad, but not touching). A box of gold, a box of silver (implying that Xifeng is a dry person), anyone who shows his eyes is slandered (implying that Zhen Yu and Jia Yu are dry people). I am lamenting that his life span is not long, and I will know that I am dead when I come back! There was a time in Shi Huo when I couldn't be sad or happy. Wind and frost, grass and frost, wealth and lust, greed) well-trained, not strong beam in the future. Choose Shuang Liang who wants to live in Yanhua Lane (implying that there is no evidence to have children after death, and it is impossible to plan and calculate before death)! Because the gauze cap is too small, lock the cangue bar (implying Jia She and Yucun); I felt embarrassed about the cold coat yesterday, but now I think the purple python is too long. Fame and fortune for a while, has been improving, can not be afraid. ): I will appear after your disorderly singing (I have always received hundreds of millions of idiots in ancient and modern times, and this illusion has been disturbed one after another, and I have never been there for a day). I thought my hometown was my hometown. This is ridiculous, and in the end it's all on other girls' wedding dresses! " I run for others in vain, and everything is empty after death. Although the language is ancient, it is extremely appropriate to use it here. The green ridge peaks in the dreamland are connected).
The comments in brackets are all fat batches for reference. But the last few words are the real key. "I will appear when you sing, and I will deny that my hometown is my hometown. This is ridiculous, and in the end it's all on other girls' wedding dresses! " This implies that readers should not be capitulationists at the critical moment of regime change, and should not forget their own cultural blood. If you surrender, the result will undoubtedly be "crying to Jinling is even sadder." In a word, this annotation shows the rise and fall of the family and the tragic fate of the characters. At the same time, Yin Shi's explanation highly summarizes the connotation of the book, which contains sarcasm and ridicule, grief and helplessness, and inspires readers to think deeply. All this also hinted and paved the way for Jia Baoyu to finally choose to become a monk.