First, the eternal body.
Yongming style is a new poetic style formed during the Yongming period of Emperor Wu of the Qi Dynasty in the Southern Dynasties. The background factors mainly include:
1. The Enlightenment of Indian Phonetics on the Translation of Buddhist Scriptures;
2. The discovery of Chinese four tones;
3. Poetry creation should get rid of the bondage of music rules and pursue the requirements of phonological norms;
4. Zhou Qing, Shen Yue and others' exploration of melody and the poet's consciousness of consciously using melody.
Second, the poetry creation of Shen Yue and Xie Tiao.
1. Shen Yue is a famous immortal poet. In Poems, Zhong Rong summarized his poetic style as "understanding", which is mainly manifested in landscape poems and sad parting poems.
2. Xie Tiao is a representative poet of Yongming style poetry and the most outstanding poet in Qi and Liang Dynasties. Xie Tiao's most outstanding contribution is the development of landscape poetry and the exploration of new poetic style, which is reflected in the following aspects: ① inheriting the meticulous and fresh characteristics of Xie Lingyun's landscape poetry, expressing emotional interest through the description of landscape scenery, and reaching the point of blending scenes; ② When Yong Ming temperament is applied to poetry creation, its Sion is harmonious, which embodies the characteristics of round beauty cycle. Xie Tiao is good at cutting epigrams, and his antithesis is neat, harmonious and smooth, fresh and meaningful, which embodies the characteristics of "new poetic style".
3. Wang Rong is also a poet who actively participates in the creation of "Yongming Style".
Third, the poetry creation of He Xun, Yin Keng and others.
1. He Xun's poems reflect the narrow social life, and he is good at writing scenery and expressing feelings in plain language, with beautiful words and quiet artistic conception, especially at rewarding and punishing others.
2. Yin Keng's poems reflect the narrow social life. His poems are good at writing scenery, beautiful in style, good at writing, neat in antithesis and exquisite in rhyme.
In the second quarter, the poets in Qi and Liang Dynasties
First, the change of family literature to the court-centered poet group.
During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the influence of the gentry reached its peak. Some famous families have studied from generation to generation and attached importance to the cultural education within the family, forming a family-centered literary group represented by Wang and Wang. During the Liu and Song Dynasties, the politics of the gentry returned to the politics of imperial power, and the literary group centered on the gentry family gradually changed to the literary group centered on the court and the king.
Second, the poets of Qi and Liang Dynasties
1. Xiao Literature Group. There are eight friends of Jingling, centering on Wang Xiao of Jingling in Southern Qi Dynasty.
2. Xiao Yan Xiao Tong Literature Group. Xiao Yan in Liang Dynasty loved literature and advocated and encouraged literary creation. Influenced by his father, Xiao Tong loved literature, so he called the scribes to create poems and fu for academic discussion. They made great achievements in academic research, and compiled the first literary anthology "Selected Works of Zhaoming" in China.
3. Xiaogang Literature Group. Its most prominent feature is to create palace poems vigorously.
Third, the activities of poets and their influence on creation:
During the Qi and Liang Dynasties, the poetry creation activities of literary groups were basically the same, and most of them stayed in the court. Most of the contents are works that should be produced, taught and sung together. The theme is monotonous and narrow, and the content is divorced from social life.
Section 3 From Market to Palace
First, the Southern Dynasties folk songs entered the court from the market
The royal families in the Southern Dynasties were all born in the ranks, from the lower classes and nostalgic for ancient customs. In order to meet the needs of the rulers to indulge in sensuality, Yuefu institutions in the Southern Dynasties collected a large number of folk songs to sing with music. Rulers and court literati also have the habit of polishing or writing new songs. As a result, the folk songs of the Southern Dynasties entered the court from the secular.
Second, the court poetry:
1. The concept of palace poetry.
Although the name of "Palace Poetry" began in the era of Emperor Wen of Liang Jian, the colourful poems of Bao Zhao, Tang Huixiu, Shen Yue, Liang Wudi Xiaoyan, Liu Xiaozhuo and Wang Senru reached the acme. Only Liang and Chen Zhishi have different views on what is "Palace Poetry". As far as its content is concerned, it mainly describes court life, specifically. The same is true of psychology of aesthetic view of objects. So it hurts the lightness of mood and the softness of style. In the poems describing women, most of them focus on women's life circle, including their appearance, posture, costumes, utensils and so on.
2. Characteristics of palace poems: aesthetic photos of women, including descriptions of women's life, appearance, posture, costumes and utensils, and descriptions of love psychology. , in the form of pursuing rhetoric and sensory stimulation.
3. The representative figures of palace poems are mainly Wendi Xiao Gang, Liang, Xu Ling, Yu Jianwu and others.
analyze works
Xie Tiao:
* Go to Sanshan and return to Wangjing in the evening.
1. This poem is a famous lyric poem written by Xie Tiao. In the spring of 495, the poet became the magistrate of Xuancheng in the second year of Qi Ming Emperor's Jianwu, and wrote this poem when he left Beijing for his post. In the evening of spring, the poet climbed three mountains and returned to Wangjing City to start a business. The beautiful scenery everywhere aroused the poet's homesickness.
2. This poem can be divided into three levels: the first level is the first two sentences, which are about climbing three mountains and looking at the capital; The second layer is the middle six sentences, describing the scenery seen by Deng and Wang; The third layer is the last six sentences, which directly express the feelings of going abroad and homesickness.
3. The main artistic features of this poem:
(1) The title of this poem "Going to Sanshan and Returning to Wangjing Town at Night" summarizes the basic content of the poem, and its conception naturally revolves around going to Sanshan and Wangjing Town. First, write about Sanshan and Wangjing Town, but not directly, but use old sentences to express your feelings. He melted RoyceWong's Seven Wounded Poems, and RoyceWong's feeling of leaving Beijing and Pan Yue's feeling of leaving Beijing all hinted at the poet's mood. Then the scenery he saw unfolded, but the poet did not let the scenery feel a little parting, but described a colorful, vibrant, bright and beautiful scene of the Spring Festival Evening. Finally, the poet expressed his feelings, expressing his concern for the country, the people and homesickness. This poem is comprehensive and heavy in structure.
(2) The most outstanding artistic feature of this poem is the description of the scenery. Poets are good at capturing the characteristics of scenery, and their expressions are also quite clever. "Flying" and "uneven" vividly show the characteristics of Beijing's architecture. The word "Li" shows the gorgeous color in the sunset, and the word "Jing" shows the clear degree. Especially, the words "scattered into a neat, quiet and practiced" are amazing metaphors: the sunset glow is like brocade, the river is like white practice, vivid and colorful. The word "three" and "Jing" are different description angles of motion and static, and the first sentence and the second sentence use the angle of pitching observation. This poem is a beautiful poem with fresh language and stable antithesis. Li Bai once praised with deep affection: "Jiang Jing is like practicing." All kinds of wild flowers are in full bloom, and the suburbs are covered with weeds. "Noisy" and "miscellaneous" are obvious, "cover" and "full" are many, and the words are appropriate and vivid. Secondly, the language of landscape writing does not seek deliberate carving, but also obtains from exercise, seeking a natural and plain realm in fresh and bright beauty. As Ge, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said, "The poems of Xie Tiao and He are all plain.
Reading content
Shen Yue: Don't be obsessed with Ann City.
Xie Tiao: Let Xiadu send Xinlin to Beijing in the evening to give gifts to Wang Sunyou, a colleague of Xifu.
Yinkeng: Jiangjin can't deliver it. Fu Lang and Mo return to Xiangzhou.
Xiaogang: Two poems about dancing (Part I) are about the wife sleeping during the day.
Xiao Yi: Adults go out to prostitute at night.