In middle school Chinese class, modern texts such as novels and essays, like paintings and poems, will make extensive use of blank space art. If we pay attention to making better use of the blank space in our works and let students fill the blank space creatively, we can not only solve the misunderstanding that students seem to understand modern novels and essays at a glance, but also greatly expand students' imagination and enhance their aesthetic interest, which is of great benefit to cultivating students' thinking ability and creative ability.
Keywords: modern literature; Blank art; Fill in the blanks; Imagination; appreciation of the beauty
In middle school Chinese texts, novels, essays and other modern cultures, like painting and poetry, we will make extensive use of blank space art. If we can pay attention to making better use of the blanks in the works and let students fill them creatively, it will not only solve the misunderstanding that students seem to understand modern novels and essays at a glance, but also greatly limit the expansion of students' imagination and improve their aesthetic taste, which is of great benefit to cultivating students' thinking ability and creativity.
Keywords: modern culture; Blank art; Filling; Imagination; aesthetic
Blank means that the author intentionally or unintentionally leaves corresponding blank in his works. Blanking is to leave room for readers' imagination, which is a common technique in Chinese painting. For example, use blanks to represent the sky, clouds, water and so on. Sometimes, you can express your feelings better than using colors directly; It can also make the picture structure harmonious and symmetrical, and avoid the sense of depression caused by too full composition. As a result, the virtual and the real set each other off into interest. No matter life or death, there is a vast world between the two sides, and black and white also show a profound theme. People often use "there is nothing better here" to describe its beauty. Therefore, the art of blank space is also a widely used artistic technique in photography, calligraphy, music and poetry.
However, when people evaluate the art of blank space, they often pay more attention to the above schools, especially painting and poetry. As we all know, in novels, essays and other modern texts, blank space art is also a frequent visitor. Although novels and essays do not pursue the superposition of subtle ethereal images like poetry, nor are they leap and symbolic like poetry, they also pay attention to aesthetic fuzziness, rather than saying that the meaning is full and lifeless. If we say that scientific and technological articles pay more attention to the finiteness and clarity of language and try to avoid ambiguity; Then the language of novel prose pays great attention to suggestibility and intentionality, and pays attention to making it produce greater tension and contain richer connotations, which prepares a broad world for the art of blank space. For example, there is a saying in Li Lewei's My Castle in the Air: "Some flowers are surrounded by tangible walls, such as wisteria, rose, morning glory and Christmas red. The arc connecting heaven and earth is another invisible wall, which also surrounds some flowers. Those flowers are gorgeous, flaky, red, white, gorgeous and falling. Maybe it is a peony or peony rewarded by God, and we call it a cloud or a chardonnay. " The clever figurative image of "invisible fence" vividly gives the sky a new name, strange imagination, rich associations, supplemented by short parallelism sentences, which makes people feel rich and vivid, and their hearts are full of broad, happy and free feelings, thus rising to the height of aesthetic psychology.
In addition, because the specific people and things in objective life are often polyhedrons, they have different connections and changes in different situations and moods, so they can be interpreted from different levels and angles. Moreover, the certainty and fuzziness of the author's understanding of the theme art of the work are interdependent and complementary. For example, the short-term worker in Blessing repeated the author's words "When did he die" and "When-last night or today?" . -I don't know. "If the author objectively expresses short-term works, I ask the students:" What kind of personality does the short-term works show here, and what is his attitude towards the death of Sister Xianglin? "The students are puzzled, saying it's like a dialogue in life. I continue to guide, why should I repeat what the dash after "when" means? The students say that the watch is an extension of the sound, which shows that the short-term workers are thinking about this problem, and that the short-term workers have never cared about Xianglinsao's death, and they are equally indifferent and numb. Another example is Ah Q in The True Story of Ah Q, and Baoyu in Beating Baoyu. The author only objectively described the actions of the characters according to the understanding at that time, leaving many gaps for the readers. We can vaguely feel the author's intention, but we can still have many different understandings. This is the reason why the so-called "every 1000 readers have 1000 hamlets".
If the art of blank space in novel prose is well used, it can help solve many embarrassing problems in teaching. The "embarrassment" I'm talking about here is relative to science courses: generally speaking, mathematics, physics, chemistry and other courses are all ready-made knowledge that has long been proved to be correct. If students only rely on their own feelings and research, it is difficult for them to learn thoroughly. The teacher's task is to guide students from doubt to doubt, from unknown to known, and to induce students to use formulas and theorems scientifically and flexibly to solve problems. Modern Chinese novels and essays are different, because students seem to understand those words and meanings at a glance, and often think they are "known", which gives Chinese teachers a difficult problem: if they don't provide students with new and effective knowledge according to the script, they regard "known" as "unknown", which is tantamount to cold rice speculation, and the effect is definitely not good; According to the teacher's own understanding or popular view, facing the limitations of students' life experience and the lag of their feelings is tantamount to imposing their feelings and views on students, and also inhibiting their aesthetic initiative and enthusiasm.
How a Chinese teacher can change "no doubt" into "no doubt" and "no doubt" into "no doubt", how to keenly find the blind spots or even blind spots in students' perception and understanding, and guide students to taste and ponder, leaving blank space in works can be of great help. For example, who killed Sister Xianglin in Blessing? If master Lu Si is regarded as a murderer, what impact will this have on the social significance and aesthetic value of the novel? I am an outsider. Why do I feel guilty? Is it unnecessary to write like this? It can be said that each work will leave countless blanks, that is, countless "doubts" and countless suspense, which provides students with a whimsical platform and imagination of multiple answers, and will greatly enhance their aesthetic taste and level. Zhu once said: "those who learn without doubt will teach those who have doubts, and those who have doubts will teach them without doubt." Only when they get here can they make progress. " In short, the process from "no doubt" to "no doubt" and from "no doubt" to "no doubt" is also a process for students to improve their Chinese level.
We say that every paragraph will have countless blanks, so can we bombard it with a gun? Of course not. How to use the art of blank space in teaching is also an art, I think:
First of all, the use of blank space should take into account the teaching objectives. For example, the first unit of compulsory Chinese in senior high school in People's Education Edition (2) is all prose with scenery, and its general teaching goal is to "spread the wings of imagination, feel the pulse of the author's heart, appreciate the beautiful scenery described in the works, and thus enter an aesthetic realm". Then, every textbook should be designed around this goal. For example, in Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, there are such sentences before and after: "... I feel like a free man", "But the excitement is theirs, and I have nothing". Combining these words, I put forward such a question: Why does the author emphasize that he is a "free man"? Did he feel insecure at that time? If "not free", is it political, ideological, emotional or other? The author writes not only static scenes, but also "vivid" moving scenes such as cicadas and frogs. How can this help highlight the author's mood at that time? After reading through the context, the students analyze that he is not free during the day because Zhu Ziqing is a man of backbone. At that time, many university professors like him signed the contract of Jiang xx. Although Zhu Ziqing was disgusted, he still couldn't see the advanced nature of the producer, so he was confused and distressed, and he had to do things he didn't want to do during the day. His pain and freedom are political, and students can think with the background of the times and the author's personality. In addition, the purpose of writing "Noisy" is to "calm down with Noisy", which not only highlights that the static scene in front of us reflects the author's harmonious and detached state of mind, but also highlights that the author has finally failed to escape from reality, and the cicadas and frogs reveal the author's inner emptiness and sadness. Of course, students have other different understandings. This language in prose is the most expressive and has the value of deliberation and debate. Although students' answers are varied, they are all thought by themselves, which will play a beneficial role in cultivating students' imagination and aesthetic ability, and will also play a good role in completing or achieving teaching goals. Perhaps, with the growth of age, it is normal for students to have other feelings in the future.
Second, the use of blank space should take into account students' secondary creation. Blank is to open up a world for blank filling, which is an organic attempt to encourage students to make a second creation. Generally speaking, after a work comes out, the author does not need and will not force the reader to interpret it. It is entirely for readers to read and understand freely, and no one can understand the meaning of a work at once. Readers' reading expectation will be supplemented imaginatively with their own life experiences and feelings. The supplementary works are not the original works, but the readers' second creation. The readers' different interpretations will enrich the connotation of the works and extend the life of the works. For example, when I was teaching blessing, I said, "Damn it! However ... "Ask students to describe the psychology of Master Lu at that time. The students' descriptions vary widely, but they are all their own understandings, which greatly enriched the imagination of the students. For another example, after teaching blessing, I assigned an assignment: Sister Xianglin came to the underworld and the first two husbands fought for it. As a result, they went to the hell court and asked the students to continue to write about the trial process and communicate in class. In this way, students' interest is greatly increased. They read the original text repeatedly, try to figure out the characters' psychology, and imagine the characters' language, movements and demeanor, which can be described as interesting. Some wrote that Xianglinsao really loved Xianglinsao and chose Xianglinsao under the judge's judgment. Some said it was out of maternal love, and she finally chose to be with Amao and He Laoliu, while others simply rebelled against feudal ethics and wrote that Sister Xianglin and two men had a happy life in the underworld. They exercised their imagination, deepened their understanding of the text, enjoyed the joy of success and made the class lively. Of course, in order to let students fill in the blanks, teachers should first think about filling in the blanks in many ways. In this way, you can answer students' questions and adjust the classroom atmosphere and progress freely and flexibly.
Thirdly, it is proposed to create a good atmosphere and pave the way for filling in the blanks. Blank space is the objective existence of the work, but it is the teacher's original intention to put forward blank space. Fill in the blanks naturally, let students enter the teaching atmosphere naturally, and stimulate their desire for knowledge and learning mood. We should pay attention to pulling the "hidden" blank to the "prominent" level step by step, otherwise it will be the wishful thinking of teachers and the students' attention to the blank will be sloppy. In the construction method, the means can be diversified: either setting doubts according to the trend, or introducing different interpretations from the academic circles, or implicitly asking students to ask questions to "lead you to the urn", and so on. For example, when I was teaching Lin Daiyu into Jia Fu, I was ready to ask such a blank: What are the characteristics of Wang Xifeng's language? Why does the author write like this? But before I put it forward, I designed this question: "Moreover, this model is not like the granddaughter of our ancestors, but actually the granddaughter of our first relative." Why did Wang Xifeng say that? What does the first son-in-law mean? What is the difference between a granddaughter and a granddaughter? I asked the students to contact the feudal emperor to ask for the "eldest son", that is, the son born to the married wife. The eldest son was the closest in blood and praised Daiyu's beauty. What other effects does it have? The students said, that is to say, Jia's pedigree is good, and she also likes Jia and alone with her's "Sanchun" (Jia's granddaughter). On this basis, students can also sum up Wang Xifeng's personality characteristics: good at trying to figure out other people's psychology, hypocritical and smooth, glib, and pleasing the grandmother everywhere to consolidate her position in the Jia family. In this way, I finally walked around and filled in the blanks I wanted. Students dig out new ideas and profound meanings through imagination; His curiosity and thirst for knowledge also promoted the multi-directional and deep development of aesthetic activities.
In a word, concentrating on managing the blank space art in the text, using the characteristics of blank space art and choosing the divergent points of thinking for training can not only improve the level of literary appreciation and enhance aesthetic taste, but also help to cultivate students' thinking ability and creativity.
References:
[1] Dang Lei. Leave some blank space to inspire thinking [J]. Journal of Chengdu University No.7, 2008
[2] Yang Tiane. On the art of blank space in Chinese teaching [J]. Teaching Research of Curriculum Materials, No.3, 20 1 1.
[3] Cui. The theory of "moving with the camera" in Chinese teaching —— Also on some phenomena in Chinese teaching [J]. Teaching Monthly, No.7, 20 1 1.
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