Yang Yi
Penglai Yinque is romantic, and it is difficult for the weak water to return to the wind.
I spend the night worshiping in the Guangzhu Palace, and pay for the morning meal with the gold palm.
He traveled to Qinghai to seek dragon species, and the death taboo was written as eating horse liver.
Waiting for Mr. Zhao to weave the shells, then teach Suomi to Chang'an.
This epic poem was written in the third year of Jingde (1006). According to the "History of the Song Dynasty: The Annals of Zhenzong": Zhenzong "formed an alliance with Chanyuan, and performed the Zen deeds. The auspiciousness was so great that the heavenly books were repeatedly sent down to welcome you to peace, and the kings and ministers of the country were as sick as crazy." Because Zhenzong believed in Fu Rui, many people inside and outside the court followed the celestial phenomena and pretended to be auspicious, and the court was enveloped in a false, grotesque and "crazy" atmosphere. This caused uneasiness among some knowledgeable people. Yang Yi, Liu Jun and other seven ministers used the title "Han Wu" to sing to each other. They used the historical fact that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was superstitious about ghosts and gods and emphasized alchemists while ignoring talents to satirize the reality. Among them, works by Yang and Liu are the most famous.
"Penglai Yinque is romantic and romantic, and the weak water makes it difficult for the wind to return." The legendary Penglai is the sacred mountain in the Bohai Sea. "All the immortals and the medicine of immortality are there. All the animals and animals are white, And the gold and silver are the palace palaces... when they come, the wind will often lead them away, but they will never reach the clouds" ("Historical Records: Book of Fengchan"). "Weak water" should refer to the allusion mentioned in the old "Ten Continents" written by Dongfang Shuo: Fenglin Island is in the center of the West Sea. "There are weak waters surrounding the island on all sides. A feather cannot float and cannot be crossed." These two sentences say that Penglai Yinque is submerged in the vast white waves, just like Fenglin Island is surrounded by insurmountable weak water. It is often attracted by the returning wind and is difficult to reach. At that time, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was not willing to give in. He repeatedly sent alchemists and other alchemists to "go into the sea to seek relatives who would be born in Penglai Anqiu" ("Historical Records·Fengchan Book"). The result was that "the attempt was difficult" and always failed.
"I spent the whole night worshiping in the Guangzhao Palace, and paid for my meal with gold palms." The "Bamboo Palace" is the ancestral palace in Ganquan Palace, built of bamboo. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty once ordered a sweet spring to reach the sky platform to wait for the gods. "At night, there are often divine lights like shooting stars that gather on the ancestral altar, and the emperor looks up and worships from the Bamboo Palace" ("Book of Han·Liyue Zhi"). Meteors are a common natural phenomenon, but they are laborious to watch and pray at night. The word "lao" contains a sarcastic meaning. "Pu" refers to the amount of dew. The use of the word "zhao" in the previous sentence is common language, and the use of the word "pu" in this sentence is exquisite. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty once made a dew tray on the altar of the gods, and set up a bronze immortal to open his palms to catch the nectar, and drink it with jade chips in the hope of longevity. The word "charge" is not used here, but the word "charge" is used, implying the meaning of ridicule.
"Strive through Qinghai to seek dragon seeds" means that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent troops to the northwest in order to obtain Pegasus. According to the "Northern History Tuyuhun Biography", the colt born from a good female horse in Qinghai is named Dragon Seed. In fact, what Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty asked for was the Tianma, and he obtained the Divine Dragon. According to "Historical Records: Biography of Dawan", "horses sweat blood in Dawan, and their horses are born with horses". Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty named the Dawan sweat-blooded horse "Tianma". In order to obtain Tianma, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent tens of thousands of troops to expedition to Dayuan, thinking that "Tianma Lai is the matchmaker of the dragon" ("Book of Han·Book of Rites and Music·Tianma Song"). The poet connected with the dragon species from the heavenly horse. "Qinghai seeks the dragon species" is an implicit statement. "The taboo of death is to eat horse liver", which means that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was always stubborn in his treatment of the alchemists. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was superstitious about ghosts and gods and placed great emphasis on alchemists. He successively named the young alchemist General Wencheng, Luan Da as General Wuli and other five generals. Later, the young man failed to summon the gods, and his false deeds were exposed and he was killed. However, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty still "regretted his early death and regretted that he had not exhausted all the recipes", and was afraid that Luan would hide his mouth in fear, so he used the ancient rumors that horse liver was poisonous to falsely claim that "Wencheng ate horse liver and died of ears" ("Historical Records, Feng Chan Shu") 》). It further revealed that the heroic leader Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty fell into the quagmire of illusion and was unable to extricate himself. The second couplet uses two complementary historical facts to satirize the conflict. This couplet uses two opposite and complementary historical facts to satirize.
"When Mr. Zhao is braiding shells on his teeth, he will teach Suomi to go to Chang'an." Dongfang Shuo initially wrote to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty: "My eyes... are like hanging beads, and my teeth are like braided shells (describing teeth as neat and white) )...can be a minister of the emperor." "Shang Weizhi ordered him to wait for the imperial edict (waiting for appointment at the public carriage station), but he was given a small salary, but he didn't get it." Later, he deliberately threatened Emperor Wu to follow Zhu Ru, and finally got it. An opportunity to meet Emperor Wu. "Zhao asked Shuo: 'Why are you afraid of what Zhu Ru will do?' He replied: '...Zhu Ru was more than three feet long and offered a bag of millet for two hundred and forty dollars. Shuo, who was more than nine feet long, also offered a bag of millet and two hundred and forty dollars. One hundred and forty. Zhu Ru was full and wanted to die, and Chen Shuo was hungry. The minister said that it was possible, but he was not polite. A kind of excellent courtesy to those who are recruited), a little closer" (see "Han Shu·Dongfang Shuo Zhuan"). The poet used this allusion to ridicule Emperor Wu for his pursuit of immortality, his pride in using soldiers, his emphasis on alchemists, but his neglect of talents. According to "Mengxi Bi Tan·Stories": When Yang Yi was a Hanlin bachelor, he did not hold other positions and his salary was not much. Because of his poverty, he asked for a transfer from outside. His preface said: "The servant of Xu millet and sweet spring will eventually become Mo Ao." The follower will not get sick, and Fang Shuo will die of hunger." Therefore, the story of Dongfang Shuo is also used here to satirize Zhenzong's extravagant pursuit of gods and poor encounters with scribes.
The whole poem combines history and nostalgia, history and reality, and "invents things by borrowing events". It is safe and natural, and skillfully expresses dissatisfaction with reality, which is meaningful. The whole poem is full of positive allusions, with clear and beautiful words, precise parallelism, concise and clear meaning, and natural and comprehensive style, which is quite similar to Li Shangyin's poetry style.
Qian Wei's poem "Han Wu" says: "I am waiting for the crane in the east, and I am waiting for the dragon matchmaker in the west.
"Liu (Jun) chanted "Minghuang" and said: "The Dharma Department of Liyuan is also the Hu Department, and the long pavilion of the jade chariot is shorter than the pavilion. "... Wen Gong also chanted "Han Wu" and said: "Strive to travel to Qinghai to seek dragon seeds, and the death taboo will lead to eating horse liver. Waiting for Mr. Zhao to braid his teeth, he taught Suomi to Xiang Changan. "The Emperor of the Ming Dynasty" says: "The rebellious ministers in Heshuo danced their horses in fright, and the old man in Weiqiao recognized the real dragon." Pengshan and the sky are the letters, and looking back, the wind and waves weigh millions. "Compared with Qian and Liu, he is especially old and healthy. (Liu Kezhuang's "Houcun Poetry Talk" Volume 1)
This poem ridicules Emperor Wu for seeking immortality, wasting his efforts in vain, using troops to defeat his arrogance, and relying on talents The place is careless.
(Volume 3 of Fang Hui's "Ying Kui Lv Sui")