Ma Shuo is one of the four major essays. Essays are a set of essays that satirize unreasonable social phenomena. Ma Shuo is the fourth article. With the metaphor of "not meeting Bole thousands of miles away", this article profoundly exposes the unreasonable phenomenon of talent being buried, sharply satirizes the stupid behavior of the ruling class of not knowing, loving and using talents, and expresses the * * * experience of many people of insight at that time, as well as personal indignation caused by repeated condemnation. Here, Han Yu's personal grievances are representative in the increasingly dark middle Tang society. This article is a masterpiece, divided into three layers. First of all, with the metaphor of "the first humiliation was in the hands of slaves" and "a parallel product died in the valley", it is explained that the first thing to learn is to know a scholar; Then use the metaphors of "not enough to eat", "not enough" and "too beautiful to be observed" to show that a scholar still needs to wait for the scholar; Finally, it shows that the rider can't do his best and can't understand his meaning, which shows that the taxi driver is more suitable. In a word, the article compares the misfortune of a swift horse to the burying and strangulation of a wise man, and compares the ignorance and incompetence of horse eaters and decision makers to the fatuity of rulers. Setting contrast from beginning to end is profound, vivid and infectious. It is also a reasoning article, which first makes a positive judgment, then discusses it from the opposite side, and finally points out the key point of "I really don't understand horses". Discussed in different levels, with thorough reasoning and strong feelings, it is a work that is both reasonable and victorious.
"Farewell to Dong Shaonan and Hebei Preface" Dong Sheng, a native of Anfeng, Shouzhou, did not read much and was filial to his parents. During the Zhenyuan period, Gong (Han Yu) made friends with him while eating in Jiangnan, and there was a poem "Hey, Dong". In Hebei province, Zhao belongs to the German army. Yan belongs to the Youzhou camp. He went to Hebei because he was angry with himself. The central idea of this article is to oppose Dong Shaonan's going to Hebei, but its content goes far beyond this. There are many meanings. Looking forward to mourning for the people in ancient Zhao Yan, so as to criticize the separatist regime of the buffer region at that time, is one of them. Second, he opposed Dong Shaonan's going to Hebei, but affirmed that he "embraced sharp weapons", but he "could not even aspire to a company". So he went to Hebei to find a way out, expressing the author's dissatisfaction with owning a company, and seemed to blame them for "driving the fish out of the pond". Third, Dong Shaonan obviously "has no ambition" to go to the buffer region, but the author entrusts him to persuade the "dog butcher" in Hebei to become an official in the DPRK; If the "dog butcher" really went to the Tang Dynasty, would "having a company" make him "successful"? In these places, the author not only secretly blamed "Yousi", but also sounded the alarm for the supreme ruler. Judging from Dong Shaonan's experience, the so-called "son of tomorrow" is actually very unclear. According to historical records, the Tang Dynasty was indeed "stagnant" at that time, and frustrated people went to the buffer region one after another; What about the buffer? And "competing to recruit talents and seek the Lord", so the buffer region is stronger and the court is weaker. Han Yu, who tried to achieve reunification, was deeply moved when he saw Dong Shaonan off. Only it is full of emotion! In order to write this profound article. It is really "beyond the pen and ink" (Liu Dakui's "Hundreds of Essays by Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties"). Many articles are the result of "if it is unfair, it will be boring, so it will be subtle and vivid, and if it is empty, it will be true", so many works have the same meaning and one meaning. It left a broad imagination space for readers.
"Make the best use of things and make the best use of talents" is the ideal realm for talents to realize their own values. But many times, especially in the ancient feudal society, many talents often lament the untimely birth. It is a social tragedy that talents are suppressed, unable to perform their responsibilities and even strangled. Han Yu said at the beginning of the article "Preface to Send Meng Dongye" that "things are uneven, and people are also ...". The essence of human voice is to speak, and words are no problem for the speakers, especially those who are good at lip-synching. " These two articles were written by the author to the frustrated (including the author himself). The implication is worth pondering.