(1) Ideologically, the Renaissance and the Reformation developed in depth.
(2) Economically: the development of capitalist economy.
(3) Culturally: the rise of modern science and the progress of scientific knowledge.
(4) Diplomacy: opening up new air routes.
(5) Politically, Britain, France and other centralized nation-states have been formed.
Second, the nature:
The Enlightenment was an anti-feudal and anti-church ideological and cultural liberation movement that took place in Europe in the 17 and 18 centuries. Ideological preparation and propaganda for the revolution was the second ideological emancipation movement in modern Europe after the Renaissance.
In French, the original meaning of enlightenment is light. At that time, advanced thinkers believed that people were still in darkness, and we should use the light of reason to dispel the darkness and lead people to the light. They wrote books, actively criticized absolutism and religious ignorance and privilege, and advocated freedom, equality and democracy.
Third, the main achievements
1. Made ideological and theoretical preparations for the bourgeois revolution in Europe and America.
I made full mental preparations for the outbreak of the French Revolution and the overthrow of the autocratic dynasty.
3. Enlightened people's thoughts and shaken the autocratic rule.
4. Inspired people with lofty ideals in China, Japanese and other Asian countries to fight for the transformation of the old society.
5. Let the concept of democracy and harmony be deeply rooted in people's hearts.
6. Promote the progress of modern science and technology.
7. Spreading to Asia, Africa and Latin America greatly inspired the struggle of colonial and semi-colonial people for national independence.
Extended data:
Development history
The Enlightenment took place in Europe in the18th century, first in Britain, then in France, Germany and Russia, and then in the Netherlands, Belgium and other countries.
France is the center of the Enlightenment. Compared with other countries, the Enlightenment in France is the most powerful, combative and far-reaching, and it can be called a model of the Enlightenment in Western Europe. The leader of the French Enlightenment was Voltaire. His thoughts had a great influence on Europe in the18th century, so later people once said, "18th century is Voltaire's century."
Enlightenment thinkers Voltaire and Rousseau both had the idea of unifying Europe, and the event that this idea was finally realized was the entry into force of the Mayo Treaty 1993 and the establishment of the European Union.
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