At the beginning, there is a piece of water cloth presented by the boudoir, and there are two pieces of water cloth and the eve of Jinshi Zhang. This poem was written by Zhu Qingyu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, to Zhang Ji. Because Zhang Ji was a member of the Ministry of Water at that time, he was called "Zhang Shui Department" in the title of the poem.
Zhu Qingyu's poems were given to Han Yu's protege Zhang Ji. At that time, he was famous for his poems, and the famous Qiu Si was his masterpiece.
Zhang Ji cares about young students and is willing to be promoted. While studying in Chang 'an, Zhu Qingyu once gave Zhang Ji a self-recommendation poem, which won his appreciation. Therefore, it is a kind of honorific for Zhu Qingyu to call Zhang Ji by his surname and official position. Just as it is a truth for later generations to call Du Fu "Du Gongbu".
Zhu Qingyu's poem "Offering a Water Cloth in the Boudoir" is very distinctive, poetic and tactful, and has been recognized and appreciated by Zhang Ji. Why is it a very distinctive poem?
Because Zhu Qingyu wrote in the style of boudoir love poems, he compared himself to a bride in his poems. The modal language is lovely, the poem is complete, the text is beautiful and full of poetry, just like a good boudoir love poem. The original poem is as follows:
Last night, the candles in the bridal chamber were lit all night, waiting for dawn to worship the parents-in-law.
After putting on makeup, I asked my husband in a low voice: Is thrush deep and fashionable?
In fact, this poem by Zhu Qingyu is a flowing poem. What is a running poem? This has to start with the imperial examination system and talent selection mechanism in the Tang Dynasty. It turns out that in the Tang Dynasty, influential people in official career and literary circles, as well as people who were particularly close to the examiner, could recommend talents for the court and participate in determining the ranking of scientific research lists.
For the students who studied hard at that time, being the first place and winning the laurel with themoon meant that they got the official career tickets. After they successfully entered the official career, they had different lives and opportunities. Therefore, in order to increase the possibility and strive for the top ranking, candidates will edit their daily poems into scrolls and submit them to influential people in official career and literary circles for recommendation before the exam. In fact, this is a form of self-recommendation. Since then, it has become a fashion to call this kind of poem "scroll".
By the same token, choosing a good marriage means happiness and happiness for girls. Therefore, the imperial examination and a happy marriage are similar to some extent, whether it is a student who studies hard or a woman who waits for the word, because it is a major event in life for them.
As mentioned above, in the Tang Dynasty, the examinees had the habit of writing papers for celebrities, hoping to be appreciated. Through the recommendation of celebrities, they were favored by the officials of the Ministry of Rites who presided over the examination.
The implication of Zhu Qingyu's poems lies in his unique psychological reaction of anxiety and expectation when facing an exam that is related to the success or failure of candidates' career.
From the other two topics of Zhu Qingyu's poem "To Secretary Zhang on the Eve of Jinshi" and "Try Zhang Jishui", readers can get some supplementary information, which can also help readers to further understand the creative intention of this poem.
The poet's metaphor comes from the real social life and is a typical poem with the characteristics of the times. The skill of this poem alone is amazing, and the ardent expectations and hidden feelings revealed in the poem are particularly touching.
However, when the official exam will come, Zhu Qingyu is still not completely sure. He is still worried that his work will not be appreciated by the examiner, or that his work may not meet the requirements of the examiner.
So he compared himself to the bride, the groom to Zhang Ji, the in-laws to the examiner, and wrote this poem with the word "boudoir" as a lyric clue to solicit Zhang Ji's opinion.
In fact, Zhu Qingyu's worry is understandable and human nature. Especially for a student who is very promising to take the imperial examination, losing the election is undoubtedly the end he doesn't want to see.
Therefore, the emotions contained in the poem are very real. The opening sentence "The red candle stopped in the bridal chamber last night" was said in the tone of the bride's memory. He recalled the scene of his wedding night last night: the new house was decorated warmly and romantically, with a strong sense of ceremony and a red candle burning all night.
This is an unforgettable night for the newly-married bride and groom. The bride and groom are immersed in the joy of their wedding, and they have endless love stories. This night is the beginning of their beautiful and sweet marriage life.
When they get up in the morning, they have a wedding etiquette to attend. It turns out that according to the custom of the Tang Dynasty, the bride will go to see her in-laws early the next morning and offer them tea and say hello. A cordial greeting can not only bring the family closer, but also melt the bride's embarrassment, thus establishing a good relationship with her family.
The focus of this poem is this sentence: "Visit your uncle and aunt before dawn hall", which is the bride's psychological state before meeting her in-laws in the morning. Because it is an important event to meet her parents-in-law, she got up early in the morning, dressed up under the red candle light, waited for the dawn to meet her parents-in-law, and saluted in front of the hall.
At this time, she was still a little nervous. Does her dress fit? Will you be embarrassed when you meet your in-laws for the first time? Will you be embarrassed because you are rude? Can you please your in-laws? A series of question marks hovered in her mind.
So the following two sentences are a description of the words and deeds produced by this mood. The bride carefully combed her makeup and painted her eyebrows, but she still felt uncertain and had to ask her husband for advice.
This image is very similar to Zhu Qingyu who is about to take the imperial examination. Zhu Qingyu was about to face the examiner's psychological state, and he felt that he was not sure, so he wrote to ask Zhang Ji for advice.
As a bride, of course, I am a little shy, and it is not easy to say this idea out loud for others to hear, so it is extremely reasonable to ask in a low voice.
The description of the bride's expression, psychology, movements and language in the poem is not implicit, the characterization is not meticulous, and the full characters are vividly on the paper.
Zhang Ji received Zhu Qingyu's poem, which was greatly appreciated after reading it. In return, Zhang Ji also wrote a poem that clearly answered Zhu Qingyu's expectations.
In the later imperial examinations, it was proved that Zhu Qingyu's worries were superfluous, because his poems and essays were unanimously recognized by examiners, which of course had the function of recommendation by Zhang Ji, but what was more important was Zhu Qingyu's own knowledge and talent. Just think, Zhu Qingyu, Zhang Ji would never recommend it without real talent and practical learning. Even if there is, it can't pass the strict examination of the examiner.
Zhu Qingyu's poems are novel in material selection and unique in perspective. It takes the word "boudoir" as the lyric clue of the whole poem and the word "outdated" as the core theme of the whole poem, which forms a sharp contrast between whether he can embark on a career and the bride's nervous mood. Poetry is self-evident and amazing.
On the other hand, comparing the love relationship between husband and wife or men and women with other interpersonal relationships such as friends, teachers and students is a traditional expression in Chinese classical poetry, which first appeared in the Songs of the South and then developed. Zhu Qingyu's poem is also written in this way, which can be said to be the biggest highlight and feature of this poem, and also the reason why this poem is praised by people.