Farewell to newlyweds, the elderly and the homeless.
Xin' anli
original text
Author: Du Fu toured Xin 'an Road, clamoring for soldiers. Excuse me, the new security officer: "Don't be old."
Is the county small or even small? ""Last night, the official post chose the male line. " "China man is absolutely short, why guarding city? "The fat man is from my mother, and the thin man is a person. White water flows eastward at dusk, and Qingshan is still crying. " Don't let your eyes dry, collect your tears. You can't see the bones until your eyes are dry, and the world is cold! Our army takes Xiangzhou and watches it every day. You never know what a thief is, but a military star will leave the camp. As far as food is concerned, the soldiers are still in Beijing. If you can't dig trenches, the horse herding service is also light. The situation is Wang Shishun, and his upbringing is very clear. Don't cry when you see me off. Servants shoot like fathers and brothers. "
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Passengers were walking on the main road of Xin 'an County, and they heard soldiers ordering according to the household registration book. I would like to ask the official of Xin 'an, "Is it because Xin 'an County is small and all the able-bodied men have been exhausted that these young people are arrested? ""The official post was issued only last night, and the order was to take turns smoking men without able-bodied men. " "This middle-aged painting is really too small. How about holding the city if possible? "The strong middle-aged man and his mother sent him away, but the thin one was lonely because his parents died in the war. The river flows eastward day and night, and Qingshan is still crying! " Don't let your tears dry up, stop your tears. When the tears dry, the skull will be exposed. This sad arrangement cannot be changed by heaven and earth, but it is merciless after all. Our officers' army (referring to the ninth division) captured Xiangzhou, hoping to recover its land day and night. However, people's hearts were sinister (referring to Shi Siming's restoration to the Tang Dynasty and supporting An Qingxu), which led to the defeat of loyalists. Just go to the original camp to eat (because it is not far from Luoyang), and the training depends on Luoyang. Digging trenches will not lead to deep water (meaning that labor is not heavy), and the labor of grazing military horses is still light. What's more, the government's loyal ministers are in line with justice, everything will be smooth and smooth, and the care for soldiers will be clear at a glance. Don't cry so sad, sir (referring to Guo Ziyi) just like your father and brother. "
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original text
Author: Du Fu threw himself into Shihao Village at dusk, and officials arrested people at night. The old man climbed over the wall and left, while the old woman went out to watch. Why are officials angry? Why do women cry? After listening to his wife's words, she said, "Three people are guarding Yecheng, one is attached with a book, and two are newly killed. Those who drag out an ignoble existence are dead! There is no one in the room, only a grandchild, a grandchild and a skirt. Although I am weak, please come back at night and prepare for the morning cooking. " The night is long and silent, like crying and choking. Dawn will rise into the future, leaving the old man alone.
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Stay in Shihao Village at night, and officials will arrest people at night. The old man fled over the wall, and the old woman went out to deal with it. The officer shouted so fiercely, and the old woman cried so miserably. I heard the old woman come forward and say to the official, "My three sons are all here to guard Yecheng. One of the sons wrote back, and the other two just died recently. The living drag out an ignoble existence, and the dead are gone forever! There is no one at home, only a little grandson who is still nursing. I have a little grandson, so my daughter-in-law hasn't left yet, but I don't have a complete set of clothes to go in and out. Old woman, although I am weak, please allow me to follow you home at night. Hurry up and apply for the labor force that Heyang needs. Maybe you can cook early tomorrow morning. " At night, the sound has gradually disappeared, but it seems that you can still hear the low voice of crying and choking. After dawn, I will continue to catch up with the journey ahead, and I can only say goodbye to the escaped old man.
Edit this passage of Tongguan officials
original text
Author: Du Fu foot soldiers He, build Tongguan Road. Railways in big cities are not as good as those in small cities. I would like to ask Tongguan officials: "Is it necessary to repair the customs?" He told me to dismount and walk, pointing to a corner of the mountain and showing me: "Even the clouds are fighting, and birds can't get through. Stupid but self-controlled, how can you worry about western capital? Father-in-law sees the heavy place, and the bicycle is narrow. Hard work, halberd, and eternal use. " "Alas, Taolin, millions turned into fish. Please pay attention to the generals and don't learn from Shu Ge! "
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How hard it is for foot soldiers to build a city on Tongguan Avenue. Big cities are better than iron, and there are many small cities. I would like to ask Tongguan officials: Is monasticism to guard against the Shi Siming army? (this is du fu's knowingly. Tongguan officials invited me to dismount and walk, pointing to the corner of the mountain, and said to me: Tongguan height is connected with clouds, and the fortress on the city divides the wall into squares, so birds can't cross it. As long as we catch the thief, we shouldn't worry about Chang 'an, the western capital. Look at this crucial place, which is narrow enough for only one car to pass through. Take up the halberd defense in difficult times, because the situation is dangerous to be conducive to defense, and always use only one person to guard the customs. "sad! In the battle of Taolinsai (the ancient name of Tongguan), Ge Shuhan lost Tongguan with many casualties and died tragically in the Yellow River. Please instruct General Zhu who is defending Tongguan, be careful! Don't learn from Shu Ge's hasty promotion. "
Edit this paragraph of the wedding.
original text
Du Fu's rabbit silk is covered with hemp, so it is not long. It is better to abandon the roadside than to marry a woman and ask for a husband. If you get married, you won't warm your bed. It is too hasty to say goodbye at dusk! Although your trip is not far, keep the border and go to Heyang. Why should I worship my aunt when my body is not clear? When my parents raised me, they made me hide day and night. If you have a daughter, you will get a chicken and a dog. You're going to die today, and you've been forced into your intestines with deep pain. Swear to go with you, the situation is yellow. Don't worry about the wedding, work hard! Women in the army are afraid of being soldiers. Because I am a poor woman, I have always been a prostitute. Lolo quit and washed his red makeup. Looking up at a hundred birds flying, your body will double. There are many personnel mistakes, facing Junyong!
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1. Rabbit silk: that is, rabbit silk, a creeping grass, grows on the branches of other plants. The branches of Peng and Ma are very short, so the tendrils with rabbit silk can't grow naturally. A woman who marries her husband can't get along for a long time. 2. Nothing is: No.3.. Heyang: Now Meng County, Henan Province, where Tang Jun confronted the rebels. 4. Body: Identity refers to the position in the new home. According to the custom of the Tang Dynasty, only three days before marriage can you go to the grave to sue the temple. I only stayed for one night, and the wedding was not finished, so my identity is unknown. Aunt: mother-in-law and father-in-law. 5. hide: hide, don't meet outsiders casually. 6. Return: Ancient women were called "return" when they got married. Will: Lead and follow. These two sentences are the saying "marry a chicken and follow a chicken, marry a dog and follow a dog". 7. compulsion: pain and depression. Midgut: heart. 8. Light yellow: Still in a hurry. It means more inconvenience and more trouble. 9. What to do: Join the army and fight. 10. Kuji: I made it a long time ago. Yan: blouse, petticoat: undress. 1 1. No longer used: no longer worn. Wash red makeup: wash off the powder and stop dressing up. 12. Error: Error, not satisfied. Always face to face: always look forward to reunion. It means that love for her husband will never change.
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This poem is about a newly married couple. The morning after the wedding, the groom will go to the front. Apart from the first two sentences, the whole poem is a monologue of the bride's farewell and encouragement, which is different from the dialogue style of the "three officials" Through a long and bitter private prosecution, she created an image of a young woman who is kind and determined, bears the fate of suffering and knows how to attach importance to state affairs, and profoundly revealed the great misfortune brought to the people by the war. The poem is soul-stirring, and it is quoted from Liu Yun, a collection of Tang poems: "The twists and turns are detailed, and the seven turns are continuous and slightly obvious." "A General Comment on the Selected Veins of Tang Poetry" quoted Wu Shan people as saying, "It's a little sad and warm."
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Rabbit silk grows on weak hemp, of course it won't grow. A woman's family married her husband who went to war, so it is better to leave her on the side of the road to die. I married you. Unexpectedly, I didn't even have time to sleep with the quilt. We got married at night, and you have to leave early in the morning, isn't it too hasty? How can I visit my parents-in-law? Although you are only stationed by the river not far away, my identity has not really been determined. I think when my parents raised me, they hid me like a treasure and forbade me to show my face. However, as a woman, I should have married a chicken and followed a dog. You are going to die on the battlefield now, and my heart is as deep as breaking! I wish I could go with you, but the present situation is too urgent. I can only hold back my tears and advise you not to miss this wedding too much and work hard for your country. If the woman's family really goes to the army, I'm afraid it will affect the military prestige. I lamented that I was born in poverty and finally had the opportunity to wear this wedding dress. I swear, this dress will never be worn by a second person again. I took off my beautiful makeup in front of you. Hey! Look up at the birds in the sky. They fly in pairs, the big one and the small one. It happened that things in the world are so against people's wishes. However, despite my fate, my love for you will never waver!
Edit this paragraph homeless
original text
After Du Fu was lonely, he lived in a sweet wormwood garden. I live in 100 families, and everything is in a mess. There is no news of the survivors, and the dead are dust and mud. Because of the defeat, the bitch came back to find the old way. After a long walk, I saw an empty lane, and it was thin and miserable. But for Kitsune to tanuki, my hair stands on end. What are the neighbors? One or two widowed women. Love birds and branches, quiet and poor. Fang Chun hoes alone and irrigates at dusk. The county magistrate knew I was here, so he called to learn drum shovel. Although he served in the state, he had no one to take care of. When you get close, you will get lost. There are swings everywhere in my hometown, and the distance is neat. A mother who is always in pain and has been ill for a long time, appoints a ditch flow for five years. I was born weak and sour about life. Life is homeless, why is it steaming!
Notes on the title or background of a book.
Writing about the homeless conscripts who returned to their hometown after the defeat of Yecheng reflects the desolation of the countryside and the misery of people's lives through his experience.
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After Tianbao, the countryside was lonely and desolate, leaving only wormwood and thistles at home. In our village 100, many families have gone their separate ways because of troubled times. There is no news of the living, and the dead turn to dust. Because Yecheng was defeated, I came back to find the old way of my hometown. After walking in the village for a long time, all I saw were empty alleys, the sun was dim and a gloomy and miserable scene. I can only face a wild mouse fox that only raises its hair and howls at me. Who's left around? Only one or two old widows. Birds who stay overnight are always attached to this branch, and I am also attached to my hometown. How can I leave my hometown and stay here? It was spring, and I was carrying a hoe to the ground. At night, I was busy watering the Abel Tamata. The county magistrate knew that I was back and recruited me to practice riding drums in the army. Although I served in Honshu Island, I have nothing to take home. Approaching, I am just empty; If you go far, you will eventually get lost. Now that my hometown is empty, the distance is the same to me. My mother, who was ill for many years and died for five years, has never been buried properly. She gave birth to me, but she couldn't get my service. Mother and son have endured all their lives. People live in the world but are homeless. How does this common people behave?
Edit this paragraph to say goodbye.
original text
Du Fu's suburbs are not quiet, and he can't live in his old age. Children and grandchildren died in battle, how can they be immune? Throw away the crutches and go out to fight. The same person in the same group shed tears for me. Fortunately, my teeth are good and my appetite is not diminished, and my sad body is as thin as firewood and withered. Armored and armored, the man had no choice but to say goodbye to the leader. I am sad to hear my wife sleeping on the road, and I still have thin pants and sheets in winter. Who knows if he will die? It hurts and is cold. I can't go home yet, but I still listen to her urging me to do my best. The defense of Tumen is strong, and the natural barrier in Xingzhen is difficult to smuggle. The situation is no longer the battle of the city in those days, even at the time of death. Life has ups and downs, don't choose ups and downs. Thinking of the peaceful young people in the past, they can't help sighing for a long time. The army is generally recruiting troops, and the war has permeated Lu' an. The remains of a tree and a blade of grass, a blade of grass and a blade of grass, are all red on the beach. Why is hometown a paradise? Dare Ann Ringer? Resolutely abandon the hut and go to the front, the sky is really broken!
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The smoke from the kitchen in the field is really disturbing for a while, and there is nowhere to live for a while. Children and grandchildren were martyred on the battlefield, so there is no need to fight for their lives. I threw away my crutches and went out to fight. People cried for me along the way. Fortunately, my teeth are intact, my appetite is undiminished, and I am sad and skinny. The man wore armor to join the army, so he had to bow for a long time to say goodbye to the chief. My wife heard that there was crying on the way to sleep, and it was still pants and thin clothes in winter and December. The poor couple didn't feel sorry for her hunger and cold until the last time they met. I'll never go home if I leave now, but I still hear her urging me to eat as much as possible. The Tumen Pass is tightly guarded, so it is difficult for Xingyuan Town to rely on smuggling. The situation is not as good as the battle of Yecheng, and even the time of death has a grace period. There are joys and sorrows in life, but you are hungry and cold, and you are old and sick. I can't help sighing when I think of my youth. Around the world, enlistment is heavily guarded, and the bonfire of war has filled the mountains. The remains piled up on mountains, grasslands and trees have become foul, and rivers and plains have been dyed red with blood. Where is the paradise on earth where war is everywhere? How dare you hesitate to wander when Qin Wang kills the enemy? Resolutely abandon the cabin and go to the front. If the sky falls, it will be disastrous!
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In the war to pacify the Anshi Rebellion, after Tang Jun was defeated in Yecheng, in order to prevent the rebels from invading the west again, the imperial court made conquests everywhere in Luoyang, and even the old man and woman were not spared. "Farewell the old and welcome the new" is to express the bitter feelings of an old man who joined the army in his twilight years and bid farewell to his wife. From the beginning, the poet put the old man in the turbulent atmosphere of the "restless countryside" era, letting him reveal his "old and uneasy" experience and mood, and the language situation was low, giving people a feeling of depression. He sighed and said: all the descendants died in the war, leaving me an old man. Why should I survive? The words are full of the old man's deep sadness. Now, the war is approaching, and the government wants me to go to the front. Let's go! So the old man threw away his crutches and walked out of the house trembling. Going out with a stick, the strokes are trembling, suggesting that the protagonist is an old man who understands the righteousness and knows what to do in this difficult time. But after all, he is old and weak, and the soldiers in the same trade can't help sighing when they see this scene. "Those who travel with you suffer", and the situation falls, which sets off the tragic fate of this old man who is already in his twilight years. "Fortunately, there are teeth and the bone marrow is dry." The teeth are intact, which shows that they can cope with the hard life on the front line and show the stubbornness of the elderly; The bone marrow is about to be drained, which makes him feel sad and angry. Here, the tone rises and falls, showing the complex contradictions and changes in the old man's heart in a tortuous way. "The man introduced me and said goodbye to the law for a long time." As a man, the old man has put on his uniform, so he did not hesitate to bid farewell to the chief executive and set off generously. The pitch is very high. Next, the most gripping description in the poem appeared: when leaving home, the old man wanted to cheat his wife and leave without saying goodbye to save infinite sadness. Who knows that I didn't walk a few steps, but there was the sad cry of the old lady. Ah! The only relative has been crying on the side of the road, and his ragged undershirt is shivering in the cold wind. This sudden discovery made the old man's heart tense at once. Then, a tearful psychological description of the old couple's forced grief and mutual affection was launched: the old man knew that parting was death, so he had to come forward to help his wife and swallow his tears for her loneliness and helplessness; At this time, the old lady was already in tears. She knew that she would never come back when she left, but she still silently urged: When you get to the front, you should always take care of yourself and eat as much as possible! This delicate psychological description is a big gap in structure, depicting the kindness, sadness, sadness and inseparable feelings of the characters. As Wu Qixian said in Du Fu's poem: "This trip has become a dead end, so why bother?" However, there is still a breath, so we can't be afraid, we can't be sad for our own death, and we can't hurt each other's cold; But my wife knew I wouldn't come back, and she ate more rice to comfort me, but ignored her cold and mourned my death. It is touching because the poet expressed unusual words of sympathy and comfort in life, such as "hurting his cold" and "persuading him to eat more", under the two extremely unusual specific backgrounds of "leaving after death" and "not coming back" respectively. Coupled with the helpless "complexity", the unexpected "smell" fell out layer by layer, and the tortuous writing received a thrilling artistic effect. The following six sentences "Tumen" are resurrected, and the explanation is broad. After all, the old man is strong, and he soon realized that he must get rid of the tragic atmosphere in front of him. He couldn't help thinking about the overall situation and further comforting his wife. It seems to be comforting myself: the defense line against Heyang and Tumen is still very strong this time, and it is not so easy for the enemy to cross Xingyuan Ferry on the Yellow River. The situation is different from the last rout of Yecheng. Even if you die, it's still early! In life, no matter young or old, there is always a clutch! Although these words of relief, which pretend to be approachable, have a strong sense of self-improvement, which can't completely cover up the contradictions in the old man's heart, they also tell the true feelings in troubled times, which can alleviate the old lady's grief to some extent. " Recalling the days when I was young and strong, I sighed when I came back late. "Seeing that we are going to break up, the old man can't help but recall those quiet days when he was young and can't help sighing for a while. The mood is a little frustrated here, paving the way for the next wave. In the next six sentences of "All Nations", the old man pushed his words further into reality and made a sad and generous voice: Open your eyes and have a look! Now the world is at war, and bonfires burn all over the hills; The vegetation stinks of corpses, and the blood of the people has dyed the vast mountains and rivers red. Where is the promised land? How dare we only think of ourselves and still wander there? This section has two meanings. First, it shows a vivid and broad picture of the life of the times, which is a true portrayal of the broken mountains and rivers and the people. He told his old lady: the disaster on earth is not only for the two of us, the implication is that we should relax. First, in the face of fierce enemies, we can't wander any longer. Instead of waiting for death, we might as well jump forward and fight! Through these vivid and concentrated words, the poet showed us an upright and open-minded image of an old man, which is rare in the history of China's poetry. Judging from the development of poetry, this is a great impetus, and the inseparable situation will eventually end. " Abandoning the shed will destroy the lungs and liver. "When he made up his mind to say goodbye to his wife, the old man suddenly felt a splitting pain in his stomach. This is not an ordinary parting, but leaving my hometown where I was born, grew up and grew up! Long-term suffering and * * *, changes in temperature related relatives, in a twinkling can't see, this kind of situation, how can I miss it! The floodgate of feelings can no longer be controlled, and tears converge into deep sadness and great pain for adults. At the end of this story, the emotion drops sharply, but it contains rich and profound artistic conception: what will the future of the widowed old man look like, whether the left-behind widowed wife will be in a desperate situation, and how the unpredictable war situation will develop and change, all of which should be left to the readers to experience, imagine and think for themselves ... From the above analysis, it can be seen that this short narrative poem is not won by twists and turns, but is good at psychological portrayal of characters. The poet describes it with the monologue tone of the old man complaining and sighing, that is, masturbating, focusing on the complex psychological state of the characters, sometimes heavy and angry, and sometimes broad-minded and self-explanatory; This changeable emotional tone determines the structural level of the whole poem, which is full of ups and downs and vicissitudes in careful arrangement. When reading Du Xinjie, Pu Qilong commented on this poem of farewell to his wife: "Sometimes it is forever, sometimes it is comfort, sometimes it is excitement, and it is full of twists and turns. In the end, it was a dead letter, and it was not bad, and it became more and more sad. "Du Fu's greatness lies in his ability to base himself on life, go straight into people's hearts, dissect details, explore details, accurately and vividly express the real life of his time through individual reflection, and summarize the endless bitterness and disasters of the working people, including the poet himself. It is no accident that his poems won the reputation of "the history of poetry".