the Chen Dynasty
Dongting East Jiangxi, the curtain is quiet and the sunset is late.
Deng Wu and Shu divided the land horizontally and migrated the lakes and mountains to dusk.
Wan Li road is still long, but it is more difficult than three years.
In the ancient wind and frost, the old wooden waves are infinitely sad.
To annotate ...
(1) from Chen. Chen (1090- 1 138) was a poet in the Song Dynasty. Qu Fei, nicknamed Jian Zhai, was born in Luoyang (now Henan) and was a famous poet at the turn of the Northern and Southern Song Dynasties. "Climbing Yueyang Tower" is two songs. (2) 【 curtain sutra 】 The cover of a hotel or teahouse. The sunset slowly sets. Too late, too slow. (4) 【 Wu Shu divided the land equally 】 During the Three Kingdoms period, Wu and Shu fought for Jingzhou, and Lu Su, the general of Wu, led 10,000 troops to Yueyang City. Horizontal segmentation, here refers to segmentation. (5) [Migration] Wandering. ⑥ 【 More than three years difficult 】 The Northern Song Dynasty perished in the spring of the first year of Jingkang in Song Qinzong (1 126), and it has been three years since this poem was written. ⑦ refers to the stairs. By, by. Danger means height
Brief analysis
All kinds of natural scenery, when expressed in the poet's works, often change with the poet's mood. Du Fu and many poets felt "happy" in the same spring rain, but Chen felt "unexpected". The first two poems combine Du Fu's poem "Falling in English like tears, falling in English like songs", instead of the artistic conception of "Good rain knows the season, when spring comes". Therefore, after a spring rain, Du Fu didn't see the beautiful scenery of "flowers are heavy on the city of Jinguan", but Xin Qiji's ability of "several storms dissipate and spring comes back in a hurry", "countless flowers fall" and his own "rain-wet high city" did. I can't hear Du Mu's "A thousand-mile bird sings green and reflects red", but I can hear Du Fu's "And the lonely bird has sung sorrow". The word "lonely" conveys the poet's lonely and desolate mood in order to avoid the mutiny, which seems to have the artistic conception of Qin Guan's "lonely pavilion closed in the cold of spring, cuckoo singing in the sunset" and "this hate is insignificant" The Spider Silk is strikingly similar to Xin Qiji's "being diligent, painting cobwebs on the eaves, and getting rid of Yogyakarta", but Chen's writing is more subtle.
Climb Yueyang Tower (1)
First, the overall understanding
In the spring of the first year of Song Qinzong Jingkang (1 126), the nomads from the northern song dynasty broke through Kaifeng. Like most poets (such as Li Qingzhao) at the turn of the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty, Chen's life experience and literary creation are divided into two periods by the difficulty of Jing Kang. Before that, he took the usual path of becoming famous in official career. At the age of 24, he was awarded the title of Song Huizong Zhenghe Scholar for three years (113). He is good at painting and calligraphy and is famous for his poems. He was deeply appreciated by the emperor, and his official position changed repeatedly, but he was unconsciously involved in the whirlpool of political struggle. When the Jingkang disaster occurred, Chen was demoted to be a small official of Chen Liu (now southeast of Kaifeng, Henan Province) to be a wine tax supervisor, and naturally joined the ranks of refugees, and went south to Hunan, drifting from Hunan to Hunan and being displaced. He went into exile in Dongting Lake, boarded Yueyang Tower several times, grieved for national affairs with his friends, drank wine to drown his sorrows, and wrote several poems to commemorate his events. This lesson is one of them.
This is a seven-character poem, the first of two poems about Yueyang Tower, and the opening work of the poet's writing about Yueyang Tower, so it is carefully crafted and serious. The first part describes the geographical location of Yueyang Tower, which is grandly launched from a macro perspective with Dongting Lake and the Yangtze River as the background. In a seven-character poem, the poet skillfully uses the two directional words "East" and "West" and connects them with lakes and rivers, which shows the location of Yueyang Tower. Then write what you see when you look up, "The curtain is still and the sunset is late." This sentence is a colorful stroke of the whole poem, which seems ordinary, but in fact it is delicate. "Curtain Scene" is a close shot, "Sunset" is a long shot, and the close shot and the long shot are combined into one. As you can imagine, the poet's line of sight scanned from near to far, gradually released and merged into the boundless twilight. The static curtain shows that the lake is calm; The sunset reminds us of the tranquility of the night. How can such poetic imagery not arouse the poet's rich reverie?
The couplets in the poem are produced from the static and soothing description of the scenery and transformed into strong lyricism. Like variations of music, these two poems seem to repeat the above themes, but their styles are quite different. "Landing with Wu Chu and sharing the land equally" is also about the geographical location of landing, but it adds a heavy sense of history; "By the lake and the mountain, I want to see the scenery at dusk", but I feel a little disappointed. This gradual change is a contrast, a transition, and a description of the integration of things and me. Here, the subject image of the poet appears in the poem inadvertently and naturally. He is thinking, wandering, blending into the scene and expressing his feelings through the scene.
After gaining momentum ahead, the poem's neck couplet finally issued the loudest and strongest cry in a way close to direct call: "Wan Li is still looking forward to a long journey, and it is more difficult to rely on risks for more than three years." These two poems express the resentment in the heart of the minister. The antithesis of "Wan Li" and "Three Years" tells their stories from the span of space and time respectively, and has received the artistic effect of double superposition, which makes people feel deeply. The poet's "visit from Wan Li" is just an elegant expression of Wan Li's escape, but what can it do? The anguish in my heart had to be dissolved in the "vision". "More than three years is difficult" has been overwhelming, but the mountains here still have to climb. How can people stand it? At this point, poetry has been full of twists and turns, pushing feelings to the extreme.
In the last couplet of the poem, Gu Ying felt sorry for himself and ended the whole article with infinite sadness. At this time, the poet has reached the age of forty and has reached the age of no doubt, so he said "hoary head"; Not to mention hurting today, but "hanging over the past" is implicit and meaningful; "Wind and frost" refers to natural things, which is a metaphor for social reality. And "Old Mu Cangbo" is the coat that wraps the poet's image. Full of sadness and hatred, it can be said that "one scene is difficult to write." For example, at present, it contains endless meanings, which can be seen outside the words "(Ouyang Xiu's poem of June 1 day, quoted from Mei).
Second, the problem research
On Chen's rhyming style from this poem
Du Fu's poet Chen, especially his regular poems, clearly shows the characteristics of Lao Du, which can be described as both form and spirit. The reason for this is that there are similar experiences in life besides deliberate imitation and pursuit. Du Fu fled to Chengdu and never returned to his native land in the north. He is heartbroken and has almost no horses. Chen experienced the pain of Jing Kang, and also felt the pain of national destruction and death. Although the severity of his suffering is not as serious as that of Du Fu, and his "prognosis" is good-he later dabbled in politics and was in the position of Zaifu, but his perception and experience of troubled times are similar to Du Fu's, which inevitably has Du Fu's shadow. When talking about this poem, predecessors thought that it was similar to Du Fu's Ascending the Mountain and was the best. That is, compared with the three poems of Du Fu that we have just learned, we can also see the Du Fu style of Chen's poems. Du Like Fu, he is good at refining words, but also good at description and discussion. The rest, such as magnificent scenery, heroic lyric, loud rhyme and skillful workmanship, have many similarities. However, pure imitation cannot achieve Chen's status as a great poet in the Song Dynasty. While imitating, he is also full of changes, focusing on personal feelings and specific situations, innovating and forming his own style. That is to say, as far as this poem is concerned, the same "ge" can't be found in Du Fu's poems, because it has delicate control, light operation and delicate feelings. It can't be said that Du Fu disdains this. After all, there is a poet in an era. "Jiangshan has talented people and has been leading the way for hundreds of years."