This is a quasi-ancient Yuefu poem. "White-headed Poem" is the old title of the harmony "Songs of the South" in Han Yuefu. In ancient times, it was written that a woman said goodbye to her lover who abandoned her. Liu Xiyi wrote this poem "A Woman for an Old Man", lamenting that youth is perishable and wealth is impermanent. Novel conception, lyricism, beautiful language, harmonious phonology and high artistry. It was praised in the early Tang dynasty and has always been a famous article.
In the first half of the poem, Luoyang women are sentimental, expressing their feelings that life is short and beauty is easy to get old; In the second half, the old man with a white head was demoted, expressing his feelings about the changes of the world and the impermanence of wealth. He summed up the whole meaning in the transition from front to back with the phrase "Only seeing ancient singing and dancing places, only birds are sad at dusk", pointing out that the future of beauty must be the old man's today, while the old man's past is actually the beauty's today. Send a message, the beauty is full of beauty, and pity her to death. " The poet typifies the specific fate of beautiful women and old men with white heads, which shows that this is the same fate of a large group of men, women and children in the lower classes of feudal society, so he puts forward that they should help each other in the same boat and have the function of "awakening the world"
"Peach blossoms in Luoyang East, whose home flies around", the first two sentences of the poem describe the late spring scenery in Luoyang East. Luoyang, the eastern capital of the Tang Dynasty, was very prosperous. The bustling city is full of gorgeous flowers, and the city is full of spring scenery and vitality and charm. However, time flies. At this time, Luoyang is already in the season of falling flowers, and peaches and plums are flying, and I don't know where to go. These two sentences are the beginning of the poem. The yearning and nostalgia for beautiful spring scenery and young beauty, the sadness and regret for falling peaches and plums, and the perishable youth expressed below are all born from this.
The following ten sentences "Luoyang daughter is a good girl" describe the infinite feelings of young Luoyang daughter in the face of falling flowers all over the sky. What Luo Yang's daughter is sad about is actually the change of nature, which is associated with the brevity of beauty and the limitation of human life. "This year, the color of flowers has changed. Who will blossom next year? " It shows the psychology of lamenting that beauty is easy to get old and life is impermanent because of the passage of spring. The phrase "pine and cypress ruin their salary" comes from Nineteen Ancient Poems: "Plowing an ancient tomb for fields, pine and cypress ruin their salary." "Mulberry fields turn into the sea" means that land turns into the sea. The book "Biography of Ma Gu Xian" says: "Ma Gu said that since the reception, I have seen three mulberry fields in the East China Sea." These two sentences vividly illustrate that the world has changed a lot by metaphor. "The ancients have not recovered from Luocheng East, but today people are still disappointed" reveals the objective law that life is perishable and the universe is eternal. The phrase "flowers are similar year after year, but people are different year after year" has been widely recited with beautiful, smooth and neat antitheses, which intensively expresses the sigh that youth is easy to get old and things are impermanent, and is full of poetic artistic conception and philosophy.
The following ten sentences, "Send a beautiful message", summarize the life experience of Pulsatilla. The old man with white hair used to be a beautiful boy. In the past, he often sang and danced under trees and played in front of flowers. The phrase "Guangluchi Wen Tai Splendid" expresses the rich life of the powerful and luxurious in history that Pulsatilla once experienced. However, once you get sick and get old, no one will take care of you and you have to give it to others. By describing Pulsatilla's life from beauty to old illness, from amusement to loneliness, this passage not only expresses the poet's attachment and yearning for youthful beauty and singing and dancing, but also expresses his pity and sympathy for the elderly Pulsatilla, further expressing his feelings about the shortness of beauty and limited life, thus enhancing the artistic appeal and philosophy of poetry.
Finally, the four periods show the main ideas and summarize the whole poem. "How soon can you turn around? In an instant, the crane was in a mess. " Two sentences sigh that a beautiful girl will turn into a white-haired old woman in a blink of an eye, but it is a pity that youth is hard to stay. "Only look at the ancient song and dance place, only the birds are sad at dusk", everything is like a passing cloud, quickly disappearing! In the bustling entertainment places in the past, now only a few birds make a few shrill calls in the cold dusk. The last word "sadness" in the last sentence is the keynote of this poem.
The first half of this poem is translated from Dong Jiaorao, a Yuefu poem written by Song Zihou in the Eastern Han Dynasty, but it is more typical after Liu Xiyi's re-creation. As the first half of the conclusion, the sentence "year after year" is a famous sentence with refined vigilance, precise metaphor and precise language, which makes people alert and save money. The upside-down repetition of "year after year" and "year after year" not only echoes in rows, but also emphasizes the ruthless fact and helplessness of the passage of time, which is really touching. The image metaphor of "flowers are similar" and "people are different" highlights the contrast between the ups and downs of flowers and the youth of life, which is intriguing. Combined with the experience of the bald old man in the second half, we can realize that the poet did not use the comparison between "woman" and "spring flower", but used the general terms "person" and "flower", not only because of the limitation of the number of words in the seven-character poem, but also because it included all the poor people who could not control their own destiny, including the poet himself. Perhaps, because of this, there are many attached legends about this poem. As "Xin Yu of Tang Dynasty" and "Skill Poetry" said, the poet himself thinks that these two poems are ominous, that is, the so-called "poetry expresses ambition". A year later, the poet was really killed and answered the so-called "poetic prophecy". The appearance and spread of this nonsense not only reflects people's cherish of the poet's talent and sympathy for his misfortune, but also shows that the mood of the poem is too sad.
This poem combines the artistic experience of the Han poetry style, the modern poetry style of the Southern Dynasties and the poetry style of Liang Chen Gong, forming a graceful and euphemistic style. In narrative mode, it also draws lessons from the narrative exposition of Yuefu poetry and the lyric techniques of ancient poetry, and can skillfully interweave and use various contrasts to give play to the advantages of duality and allusions, which is an outstanding achievement in the art of this poem. He didn't seem to be famous before his death. After his death, Sun edited the anthology, "Poetry is the most concentrated, so it is called by people at that time" ("Da Tang Xin Yu"). It can be seen that he suffered from depression all his life, which is the ideological root of his negative sentimentality. The strong sentimental sentiment in this poem reflects the fact that the feudal system fetters and hurts talents.
Famous comments
Tang Dynasty Liu Su's "Da Tang Xin Yu": (Yi Xi) tasted "Pulsatilla" and said, "The flowers change color this year, who will be next year?" Then he regretted it himself: "My poem is like a prophecy, and it is different from Shi Chong's' Old Head Going Home'." Nai Geng said, "Flowers are similar year after year, but people are different year after year." Then he sighed: "This sentence looks like nine Niu Yi hairs, but in fact there is life and death. How can it be repeated? " These are two things. This poem is not well written. It was killed by traitors or by Song.
Li Panlong's direct interpretation of Tang poetry in the Ming Dynasty: Pulsatilla in Daibei is not the best, and the layman only takes it. Five or six are particularly inconspicuous.
Selected Poems of Wang Fuzhi in Qing Dynasty: Only the word "sigh" appears. The illusion gave birth to a Chinese Pulsatilla, which doesn't feel like it. Is local array shallow and evil? It has always shown its true colors, and it is these seven characters that are deep. Later, the actual situation was written out, and the scene was set horizontally, such as a wanderer taking a foreign land as a gully and forgetting his roots
Debate on Mao's Poems in Qing Dynasty: Forgetting everything, wonderful twists and turns. It is best to write an old saying at least once a year.
Notes on Wang Shiyuan's Tang Poems by Zongyuan in the Qing Dynasty: This is the sad place of the old man's "one", which is the young man's car in front of him.