Today, when I saw Kun Li's child lying there playing with shoes, I went over angrily and habitually wanted to get angry with him, but suddenly I changed my mind and asked Kun Li very gently, "Little friend, what are you going to do after you lie in bed?" Kun Li readily replied, "Go to sleep". I went on to say, "By the way, shoes have to sleep when they are tired of playing with you. Do you know where they sleep?" After asking him to answer, I went on to say, "Two shoes are good friends. They like to sleep under the bed together. Can you put your shoes in the designated place and sleep comfortably like a child? " As I spoke, I put the two shoes taken off by another child together and put them neatly. At this time, he quickly put his shoes out under the bed. I quickly praised him and said, "Li Kun is really capable. I will do it as soon as I say it! " "I encouraged him to say," look, the shoes are falling asleep. Compare with them. If you fall asleep first, I'll reward you with a candy when you get up, okay? " He nodded and closed his eyes.
Observation and analysis:
Childhood is a critical period for the formation of children's behavior habits and the initial stage of self-behavior. When children have bad habits, we don't communicate with them well and give them correct guidance, but just criticize and reprimand them blindly. This kind of education is unacceptable to children from the heart and is not conducive to correcting their mistakes, so we have not received any educational effect.
Educational measures:
1, change the previous education mode, and change criticism into encouragement education. Don't exaggerate children's shortcomings, but find their advantages. When he behaves well, he should be praised in time, so that children can feel the teacher's love for him before they can receive psychological education.
2. Communicate with parents, exchange information about children, and make parents realize that it is very important to cultivate children's habits during this period. The two sides will work together to help children develop good living habits.
Educational effect:
Kun Li is much better now than before. Although he can't fall asleep soon, his habit of throwing shoes and socks around has improved a lot. As long as he insists, he will be able to correct it.
Extended reading article
The task of kindergarten is to remove the constraints of time, space and environment when the family is cultivating children, so that the children can develop physically, intellectually and emotionally healthily. It can be said that kindergarten is a happy world for children, which can help children to spend their childhood healthily and happily, not only to learn knowledge, but also to get in touch with collective life from childhood. As the foundation of the whole education system, kindergarten education is the preparatory education for children (complete and healthy personality, good behavior habits and preliminary natural and social common sense). There is no obvious distinction between its educational courses, which are probably composed of health, interpersonal relationship, environment, language, expression and other fields and various activities. The integration of various fields determines the teaching content.
Babies in Cai Wei Kindergarten
Kindergarten takes games as its main activity, and gradually develops organized homework, such as language, crafts, music, etc. And pay attention to developing good living habits. It is very clear in the definitions of kindergartens in various countries that games are the most important content for kindergartens to educate and live children. For example, in Britain, kindergarten is interpreted as "a school that uses physical objects to teach, play and develop children's intelligence", while in Germany, it is interpreted as "a game school that has not yet entered the school." In addition, the important activities held in kindergartens in a year include: admission ceremony, Children's Day, Teacher's Day, Mid-Autumn Festival, National Day, Sports Meeting, Christmas Day, New Year's Day, graduation ceremony and so on.
The picture shows the baby's outdoor activities in Cai Wei kindergarten.
The picture shows the former site of Qingdao Blackstone Hotel, which is now the government kindergarten in Shinan District.
origin
The children are in class.
Owen founded the nursery in 18 16. The original preschool education institutions were mostly organized by philanthropists and industrialists, and were essentially charitable social welfare institutions. At that time, kindergartens were called "new schools with character formation".
The most influential kindergarten in the world was founded by German educator Froebel. From 65438 to 0837, Froebel boldly recruited a group of children in Brandenburg, Germany, and established the world's first organization to educate preschool children. In this organization, Froebel neither gives monotonous drills to children nor punishes them. Children are often taken to nature, and sometimes they work together in the garden or indoors. He pays attention to cultivating children's practical ability and the ability of group activities. After years of experiments, Froebel proposed that such a school park should be called "kindergarten", and the name of the kindergarten has since spread.
China's earliest kindergarten thought appeared in the book Great Harmony written by Kang Youwei, the leader of the Reform Movement. Later, the Qing government promulgated the first systematic bourgeois school system in China. The education system stipulates foster families for children aged 2-6, and the earliest one is Wuchang Model Primary School (1903). In addition to government-run, foreign missionaries and private kindergartens in China also appeared. By 19 10, the number of kindergarten students in China has reached1520,000.
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Cute baby in kindergarten
classify
Kindergartens can be divided into full-time kindergartens and boarding kindergartens according to time, disabled children's kindergartens and special children's kindergartens according to objects, bilingual kindergartens and music kindergartens according to services, and large kindergartens (10 to 12 classes), medium kindergartens (6 to 9 classes) and small kindergartens (below 5 classes) according to scale. For the convenience of education, it is generally divided into small classes, middle classes and large classes according to their age, in which the small class has 20-25 children aged 3-4, the middle class has 25-30 children aged 4-5 and the large class has 5-6 children aged 365,438+0-35.
course
The curriculum arrangement of kindergarten education consists of field scope and inter-annual activities, and the curriculum content is integrated with each other, with no clear disciplinary distinction.
health
Including lively, relaxed and happy growth, experience a sense of fulfillment; Fully exercise and step by step; Develop healthy and safe living habits and attitudes.
kindergarten
interpersonal relationship
Including enjoying a happy kindergarten life and experiencing the sense of accomplishment of achieving your goals through your own strength; Cultivate love and trust for others in the interaction with people around you; Develop good habits and attitudes in social life.
environment
Including cultivating a sense of closeness to the surrounding environment, cultivating interest and concern about various things and phenomena in contact with nature; Discover and think about the relationship between the surrounding environment and oneself, and apply it to real life; Investigate, think and learn about things around you, and enrich your feelings about the nature, quantity and words of things.
language
Including making children feel happy when expressing their feelings in words; Learn to listen to other people's language and dialogue, try to tell your own experiences and ideas, and experience the fun of mutual communication; While understanding the necessary language in daily life, I have more contact with comic books and story books, and often communicate with teachers and children.
express
Including the cultivation of rich sensibility to all kinds of beautiful things; Express your feelings and thoughts in your own words and experience the fun; Cultivate image thinking about life and feel different expressions.
form
Kindergarten rooms generally include:
kindergarten
1. The indoor part of children's activity room generally includes activity units (activity room, bedroom, bathroom (toilet, washroom, bathtub), storage and clothes, etc. ) and the large-scale activity room in the whole park (the same activity room in the whole park or several classes, the big classroom for indoor practice, music and dance in rainy and snowy days).
Most of children's activities are carried out in the activity room, and the diversity of content requires that indoor furniture can be combined in many ways. The architectural space required to be created provides the possibility for this diversity, the most common ones are squares and rectangles, and there are also irregular shapes and graphics. In addition, the bedroom is also an important part. Children have three hours of sleep during the day, so they should be quiet and not blow directly. They don't need sunshine when they sleep, but usually need sunshine and ventilation. The activity room and bedroom can be flat or connected up and down.
2 medical management rooms, mainly including medical care, isolation room for sick children, morning check-up, management and teachers' offices and conference rooms.
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3. Logistics rooms, mainly kitchen, boiling water for disinfection, laundry, carpentry, etc.
4. The outdoor part of children's activities mainly includes the activity venues of each class, the whole park (large playground, open to all children, using grass, in addition to river pits, play pools, slides and balance beams) and plantations.
Kindergarten equipment
Kindergarten equipment
Mainly divided into furniture and toys. Furniture includes children's desks and chairs, children's beds, toy cabinets, wardrobes, blackboards, towel racks, cup racks and other special equipment for kindergartens. Toys include combined slides, swings, swivel chairs, mirrors, educational toys, Montessori teaching AIDS, building blocks and so on. Special equipment for kindergartens. There are also various baby protection equipment, mainly baby mats, baby parapets, baby playgrounds and so on.
Planning programming
Location selection shall meet the following requirements
1. Keep away from all kinds of pollution sources and meet the requirements of relevant health protection standards.
2. It is convenient for parents to pick up and drop off and avoid traffic interference.
3. Sufficient sunshine, dry site, smooth drainage and beautiful environment.
4. It can provide necessary conditions for the layout of building functional zoning, entrances and exits, and outdoor game venues.
General layout design requirements
1. Make overall arrangements for buildings, outdoor playgrounds, green spaces and sundries storage yards, so as to achieve reasonable functions, convenient management, appropriate orientation and sufficient sunshine in the playground, and create an environmental space that conforms to children's physiological and psychological characteristics.
2. Outdoor venues Every class should have a special venue. The playground area of each class shall not be less than 60 square meters. Separate measures should be taken between the competition venues of each class.
3. Centralized greening should be arranged, and it is forbidden to plant poisonous spiny plants.
4. The supply area shall be provided with a sundries storage yard, and separate external entrances and exits shall be provided. Safe, beautiful and transparent enclosure railings should be set at the base boundary, competition venue and greening place.
Key points of architectural design
1. The plane layout should have clear functional divisions to avoid mutual interference, facilitate use and management, and facilitate traffic evacuation.
2. It is forbidden to set the children's living room in the basement or semi-basement.
3. The indoor clear height of the living room: the activity room, bedroom and nursery are not less than 2.80m, and the music and sports activity room is not less than 3.6m.. ..
4. Architectural modeling and interior design should conform to children's characteristics.
5. The living room should be arranged in the best sunshine position in the local area, and meet the requirement that the sunshine of the whole window at the bottom of the winter solstice is not less than 3 hours. Rooms in warm and hot areas should avoid facing west, otherwise shading measures should be set up.
6. Every room should meet the requirements of sound insulation.