1.1 University
1.2 The Doctrine of the Mean
1.3 The Analects of Confucius
1.4 Mencius
2.The Five Classics
2.1 The Book of Songs
2.2 The Book of History
. It is said that it was written by Zeng Shen, a disciple of Confucius (55-434 BC). From the Tang Dynasty when Han Yu and Li Ao upheld the orthodoxy and praised the Great Learning (and The Doctrine of the Mean), to the Northern Song Dynasty when Cheng Er praised and publicized it in various ways, and even called it "The Great Learning", which was a suicide note of Kong's. Later, Zhu Xi inherited Cheng Er's thought in the Southern Song Dynasty, so he took the Great Learning out of The Book of Rites and compared it with The Analects of Confucius and Mencius. According to Zhu Xi and Cheng Yi, another famous scholar in Song Dynasty, Da Xue is a suicide note left by Confucius and his disciples, and it is an introductory reading of Confucianism. Therefore, Zhu Xi listed it as the first of the "four books".
One of The Mean
was never published separately before the Southern Song Dynasty. It is generally believed that it was written by Confucius' grandson Zisi (483 BC-42 BC), and Historical Records Confucius Family said that Zisi wrote The Doctrine of the Mean. From the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu and Li Ao respected the Doctrine of the Mean (and The University), to the Northern Song Dynasty, Cheng Er praised and publicized it in every way, and even thought that the Doctrine of the Mean was "a method of teaching the mind through Confucius", and then Zhu Xi inherited Cheng Er's thought in the Southern Song Dynasty, so he took it out of the Book of Rites and compared it with The Analects of Confucius, Mencius and others. From the basic point of view of The Doctrine of the Mean and Mencius, they are basically the same. However, the existing "The Doctrine of the Mean" has been revised by Confucian scholars in Qin Dynasty, and it was written roughly shortly after Qin unified the whole country. Therefore, each article is different from Daxue. Instead of taking the two words at the beginning of justice as the title, it is a summary of the article
The Analects of Confucius
The Analects of Confucius is a book that records the words and deeds of Confucius and his students. Confucius (551 BC-479 BC), whose name was Qiu, whose name was Zhong Ni, was born in Qufu, Shandong Province in the Spring and Autumn Period. The founder of Confucianism, the most famous thinker, politician and educator in ancient China, had a profound influence on the development of China's ideology and culture. The Analects of Confucius was written during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and was recorded and collated by Confucius' students and their retranslators. The Analects of Confucius covers many aspects such as philosophy, politics, economy, education, literature and art, and is the most important classic of Confucianism.
Mencius
Mencius is a book that records the words and deeds of Mencius and his students.
The Book of Songs
The Book of Songs was called "Poetry" in the pre-Qin period, or "Poetry 3", which was the first collection of poems in China. It has collected 35 poems (original 311 poems) from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period, which is a collection of poems from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period. "There are more than 3, poems written by ancient people, which are related to Confucius, but they are not important ..." (Historical Records Confucius Family) is said to be compiled by Confucius. "Poetry" is divided into three parts: wind, elegance and ode, with "wind" as a folk song, "elegance" as a formal and elegant music of Wang Ji in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and "ode" as a dance song for the sacrifice of the ancestral temple in the upper class. This book widely reflects all aspects of social life at that time, and is known as the encyclopedia of life in ancient society, which has a far-reaching impact on later generations.
Shangshu
Shangshu was called Shu and Shu Jing in ancient times and Shangshu in Chinese. "Shang" means "Shang" and "ancient times", and this book is the earliest compilation of historical documents in ancient times. It is recorded from the legendary Yao and Shun era to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (mid-Spring and Autumn Period) for more than 1,5 years. The basic content is the records of ancient emperors' proclamations and conversations between monarch and minister, which shows that the author should be a historian. Historical Records Confucius Family said that Confucius "prefaced the Biography of Books, and compiled it from Tang Yu to Qin Miao", which is said to be compiled by Confucius. There are two versions of Shangshu, one is Jinwen Shangshu, the other is Guwen Shangshu, and the currently popular version of Annotation on Thirteen Classics is the co-editor of Jinwen Shangshu and Pseudo-Guwen Shangshu. In ancient times, people were praised for "reading poetry books", which meant the Book of Songs and the Book of History respectively.
The Book of Rites
The Book of Rites is an anthology of articles by Confucian scholars from the Warring States Period to the Qin and Han Dynasties. "The Book of Rites only explains the Book of Rites" (Zhuzi Genre Volume 87), which is a collection of materials of Confucianism. Although the Book of Rites is only a book explaining the Book of Rites, its influence is beyond the Book of Rites and the Book of Rites because of its wide coverage. There are two versions of The Book of Rites, one is edited by Dade, with 85 articles, and 4 articles are preserved today, which is called The Book of Da Dai Li; The other, the Book of Rites that we see now, is forty-nine articles selected by Dai Deqi's nephew Dai Sheng, which is called The Book of Rites for Little Dai.
The Book of Changes
The Book of Changes is the oldest and profound classic in China. It is the crystallization of Chinese wisdom and culture for 5, years, and is known as "the head of the group classics and the source of the avenue". In ancient times, it was the study of emperors and the compulsory skill of politicians, strategists and businessmen. She is also the threshold for the son of Chinese medicine to learn at a higher level.
Spring and Autumn Annals
Spring and Autumn Annals is a chronicle of Lu, which was revised by Confucius. Because the text is too simple to be understood by later generations, so the works of interpretation appear one after another, explaining and explaining the records in the book, which is called "biography". Among them, Zuo Qiuming's Zuo's Biography in the Spring and Autumn Period, Ram Gao's Biography in the Spring and Autumn Period and Gu Liangxi's Biography in the Spring and Autumn Period and Gu Liangxi's Biography are collectively called Three Biographies in the Spring and Autumn Period as Confucian classics.