What is the basis of learning to write poetry?

The requirements are as follows: 1. In ancient China, there were no strict metrical rules such as leveling, antithesis and rhyme. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, poetry creation gradually developed in the direction of metrical. It was not until the Tang Dynasty that the metrical pattern of poetry was fully mature and stereotyped. Because this kind of poetic style, which is strictly restricted by leveling, antithesis and rhyme, is newly formed, people in the Tang Dynasty called it "modern poetry", while Ba is a kind of poetic style without strict meter, antithesis and rhyme. It is called "ancient poetry" and "modern poetry" is called "metrical poetry", which has been used since Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. "Modern Poetry" was summed up by predecessors as four sentences: "Every sentence has a fixed number, and the balance between the flat and the flat should be coordinated; The confrontation should be neat and the rhyme department should be unified. " If netizens like the charm of "modern poetry", they might as well try to understand these four sentences. If you don't like metrical constraints, write modern poems. 1. What is a quatrain? Generally speaking, "quatrains" refer to seven-character quatrains and five-character quatrains in modern poetry. It does not include the seven-character and four-sentence ancient style "seven ancient" and the five-character and four-sentence ancient style "five ancient" in ancient poetry. 2. There are four common basic sentence patterns in quatrains: (Ping) Ping (Xu) Ping, (Xu) Ping, (Xu Pingping, (Xu Ping) Ping and (Xu Ping) Ping. Flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat. Note () can be flat or combined, that is, four formats are seven unique formats (1). The first sentence is flat, flat, flat, flat, flat, flat, flat, Flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat. Flat, flat, flat, flat, flat, flat, flat, flat, flat, flat, flat, flat (1) The first sentence is flat, flat, flat, flat, flat. Flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat. Flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat. As for entering tone, you can master it slowly in school. 4. Jane said that rhyming things need rhyming. According to the meter, the rhyme of a poem should be unified. In other words, only words with the same rhyme can be used, and words without rhyme or other rhymes cannot be used. Beginners should buy a rhyme book "Peiwen Poetry Rhyme" (Pingshui Rhyme) or download it from the Internet. Commonly used words can be found in Pei Wen Shi Yun. Generally speaking, quatrains and the first sentence of metrical poems may or may not rhyme. The last words of the second, fourth, sixth and eighth sentences must rhyme. If it doesn't rhyme, it's called rhyming or rhyming. In ancient scientific research, you can't read rhymes. When writing poetry, you should balance the rhymes. Modern people can write poems according to Ping Yun Shui or the new rhyme of modern Chinese Pinyin, but they can't mix them. 5. There are two kinds of metrical poems, seven-character metrical poems and five-character metrical poems. Usually, a seven-character poem or a five-character poem refers to each poem with eight sentences, while other seven-character poems and five-character poems refer to long poems with more than eight sentences. As the name implies, metrical poems, like quatrains, are metrical poems. One of its characteristics is that all sentences except the beginning and the end should be paired, and no rhyme mistakes are allowed. Even if it is a few hundred sentences, we must follow this law. 6. Sticky (sticky) and odd-numbered sentences such as one, three, five and seven are called upper (out) sentences, whereas even-numbered sentences are lower (right) sentences. The last sentence is the opposite of the next one, which is called "right" and wrong is "wrong". When two sentences are linked together, the last sentence of the latter link is the same as the next sentence of the previous link, which is called "sticky". Take the first sentence of the seven-line format (1) as an example: (Ping) Ping (Yi) Ping-Ping-Ping-Ping-Ping-Ping-Ping. Basically the opposite of the last sentence (the first four words). The two sentences are couplet (even) peace-the upper sentence is basically the same as the lower sentence of the couplet. (The first four words) (Ping) Ping (Ping) Ping-The next sentence is the antonym of the previous one. 7. The form of deposit and change should be rigorous and lively, and there can be a form of deposit and change. There is a saying in modern poetry that "135 doesn't matter, 246 is clear." That is, 135 words of each seven-character poem can be leveled, and 246 words can be strictly observed (five words and three words). But for the third word of the seven characters and the first word of the five characters, it's (even) flat, flat, flat, flat, flat, flat, flat, flat, flat, flat, flat, flat, flat, flat, flat. Otherwise, it is embarrassing, that is, "lonely and dull", which is the taboo of poets. If you use a flat voice, the fifth word of this sentence (the third word of five words) must use a flat voice. This is "loneliness is hard to save". 8. The antithesis of the five laws and seven laws of metrical poetry consists of eight sentences each, and the quadruple is composed of head couplet, neck couplet, abdomen couplet and tail couplet in turn. The upper and lower sentences of the two couplets in the middle should be antithetical sentences. It is required that the antithesis should be even, have relative parts of speech and meaning, and have relative grammar and sentence patterns. There are two taboos in antithesis: one is "fighting", that is, the upper and lower sentences in a couplet are opposite by synonyms, so that the meanings of the two sentences are basically the same. Second, the two couplets are the same. The sentence patterns of the two couplets should be changed to avoid repetition. Against nature, neat and smooth. 9 writing and composition of quatrains predecessors have many incisive opinions on quatrains writing. The method of quatrains is that your words are shallow and affectionate, your meaning is not deep, your words are thin, and your words are not shallow and gloomy. There are hidden words, overtones and unique but incomplete sentences. The composition of quatrains is beginning, inheritance, turning and ending. Generally, the first sentence begins with two sentences, ends with three turns and four sentences. One or two sentences are very important, but they always pave the way. The key lies in the turning point of three sentences, which is both unexpected and reasonable. The fourth sentence goes with the flow, and the artistic conception is exhausted. 10, the writing and composition of metrical poems are almost the same as those of quatrains, which are also the beginning, the connection, the turning point and the ending, but it is based on couplets, including the first couplet, the neck couplet, the abdomen couplet and the tail couplet. However, the focus of metrical poetry is the antithesis between two couplets and the relationship and change between them. This is often the highlight of the whole poem. Because there are more words in regular poems than quatrains, they can be more rigorous and calm in expression. 1 1, the syntax of five words in metrical poems is generally 2-3, and the words are divided into upper 2 and lower 3, the first 2 can be 1- 1, and the lower 3 can be divided into 2- 1 or 1-2. Seven-character grammar is generally 4-3, and the characters are divided into upper 4 and lower 3. The first four bits can be 3- 1 or 2-2, and the last three bits can be divided into 2- 1 or 1-2. There are 2-5 or 5-2, even 1-3-3. Write flexibly. Modern poetry has two characteristics in grammatical structure, which can be omitted and inverted, which is not allowed in prose. 12, the use of words in metrical poems, there are metrical, syntactic and word-using methods in metrical poems. Morphology, also known as refined words, is the most important word in a poem and the central word of a predicate. If this word is well refined, it can play the role of "finishing touch", which is the so-called "a word is worth a thousand dollars". The famous allusion of "scrutiny" is this word. Attached to the manuscript of "On the Quality of Poetry": Any ancient poem should have an ancient rhyme, first make a general idea, describe the established, and then write, so that the context is well connected and the meaning is uninterrupted and impressive. Five ancient laws: Five-character ancient poems, whether ascending, competing or fu, must have far-reaching implications, gentle excuses, repeated excellent travel and grace. Or nostalgia for the past, or regret that others hurt themselves, or chic and leisurely. The scenery should be elegant and light, push people's hearts to their feelings, and write the most subtle feelings. The emotions should be subtle without hurting, the beauty should be graceful and restrained, and there should be 300 heritages. Seven ancient laws: Seven-character ancient poems must be narrated first, open and closed moderately, graceful and dangerous, majestic and sonorous, and avoid vulgarity and softness. It is necessary to combine waves, such as the waves of rivers and seas. Another example is the military commander's array, which thinks it is right, and then it is strange, and then it is strange, and suddenly it is right. The change in and out is extremely unruly. Quatrains: quatrains should be graceful and circuitous, simple and endless, with the third sentence as the main one and the fourth sentence as the main one. There is reality and emptiness, there is connection, there is opening and closing, there is opposition, there is positive basis, there is correspondence, there is one interest and one interest, and the palace merchants are self-harmonious. Generally speaking, it is difficult to inherit two sentences, so it is better to say them directly and calmly. Change takes a lot of time, all in the third sentence. If it is changed well here, the fourth sentence is like a boat going down the river. From beginning to end: break the topic-or upgrade the scene, or contrast, or lead the matter, or open the topic. Be abrupt and lofty, like a strong wind and waves, unstoppable. Couplets-or freehand brushwork, or scenery, or books, use things to quote. This couplet should answer this question. Be like a dragon ball, hold it and don't take it off. Neck couplets-or freehand brushwork, writing scenery, writing books, citing things, avoiding the meaning of the former couplet. The great changes, such as thunder breaking the mountain, amaze the viewers. To sum up a sentence-either close the topic, start a step, pay for the meaning of the home page, or use something, you must put a sentence as a sentence. For example, "Tunxi" and so on, emerge in endlessly. Sentence-making method: seven words-voice, strength, sonority, strength and height-static, deep and fine. Five words, seven words, although the sentences are different, the law is one. The first sentence must be broad and profound, and it should not be neglected. The middle two conjunctions, syntax or four fields, or two fields, need to be connected by blood vessels, have corresponding phonology, and the duality is symmetrical up and down. There are two sentences with the same meaning and two sentences with different meanings. If the first half of the contract already has the meaning of * * *, then the second half must have its own meaning. The first couplet is chanting, and the second couplet must say something important. The combination of the two laws is the most taboo. In order to change the meaning conveyed by the neckline, more truth is needed. In fact, the words are naturally loud, but the syntax is healthy. It is also wonderful that the tail end should be able to take a step forward and not close the business, but there are also people who agree. Words in poetry: there are words in poetry, which are wonderful in two eyes and wrong in three eyes. The combination of two conjunctions is unusual, and the middle waist is empty, and movable type should also be avoided. Five words are mostly in the third word, or the second word, or the fourth word, or the fifth word. People with the word in the third word: the drum horn is sad, and the galaxy falls in Xiaoshan. Jiang Lian shakes white feathers and thorns and vines are everywhere. The words in the second word: peacock with gold on the screen and hibiscus embroidered on the mattress. Blue as grass outside the lake and red as Haidong Cloud. The word in the fifth word: the ambition of two lines, the ambition of 10 thousand Shu. The fragrance is foggy and the clouds are wet, and the jade shoulders are cold. The word is in the second and fifth place: the ground is hidden in the river sail, the sky is clear and the leaves are fragrant. In the morning, as thin as morning light, it moistens the earth, and Ye Yuan is soaked with butter; Dusk lingers in the afterglow of the earth, and the sand shines in the sand. The hidden meaning of Tibetan characters: the seven-character gauge is harder than the five-character gauge, the seven-character gauge is thicker and the five-character gauge is more delicate. If seven words can be cut into five sides, it is not a poem, and the words must be removed. Therefore, words must be hidden, words must be hidden, such as lianzhu, wonderful.