Qu Yuan (about 340-278 BC) was a poet and politician of Chu State during the Warring States Period in China. Born in Zigui, Danyang, Chu (now Yichang, Hubei). Mi surname, Qu family, human, the word is native; Since the cloud name is regular, the spirit word is even. Chu Wuwang Xiong Tong's son Qu Xian's descendants.
When I was a teenager, I was well educated, knowledgeable and ambitious. In his early years, he was trusted by Chu Huaiwang as Zuotu, and was also a doctor of San Lv, in charge of internal affairs and foreign affairs. ?
Advocate "American politics", advocate improving talents and abilities internally, improve statutes, and unite external forces to resist Qin. Slashed by nobles, he was exiled to Hanbei and Yuanxiang Valley. After the capital of Chu was breached by Qin Jun, it sank into the Miluo River and died.
Qu Yuan is the first great patriotic poet in the history of China, the founder of China's romantic literature, the founder and representative writer of Songs of the South, and has created the tradition of "vanilla beauty", and is known as "the father of Ci Fu" and "the father of China's poetry".
The appearance of Qu Yuan's works indicates that China's poetry has entered a new era from collective singing to individual originality.
His main works include Li Sao, Nine Songs, Nine Chapters and Nine Questions. Chu Ci, with Qu Yuan's works as the main body, is one of the sources of China's romantic literature, and it is also called "coquettish" with the Book of Songs, which has a far-reaching influence on later poetry.
2. Cao Cao
Cao Cao (155-0315,220), whose real name was Geely, was the secretariat of posthumous title Mengde and Yuzhou (now Bozhou, Anhui). At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, outstanding politicians, military strategists, writers and calligraphers laid the foundation for the Cao Wei regime.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the world was in chaos. In the name of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Cao Cao conquered all directions, wiped out the separatist forces such as Er Yuan, Lu Bu, Liu Biao, Ma Chao and Han Sui at home, surrendered the southern Xiongnu, Wu Huan and Xianbei abroad, and unified northern China.
And implemented a series of policies to restore economic production and social order, expand land reclamation, build water conservancy projects, reward farmers and admire mulberry, attach importance to handicrafts, resettle refugees, and implement "rent modulation", thus making the Central Plains society gradually stable and the economy turn around.
In the 18th year of Jian 'an (2 13), Cao Cao was named Wang Wei, established the State of Wei, made its capital in Yecheng, Hebei Province, and was later promoted to Wang Wei. After his death, his son, Cao Pi, proclaimed himself emperor, and respected Cao Cao as Emperor Wu, whose temple name was Mao.
Cao Cao likes to express his political ambitions and reflect the sufferings of people's livelihood with poems. He is a representative figure of Wei and Jin literature, and Lu Xun praised him as "the founder of reforming articles". At the same time, Cao Cao is good at calligraphy, and Zhang Huaiguan's Broken Tang Book rated Cao Cao's Cao Zhang as a "wonderful work".
Representative works include Looking at the Sea, Although the Turtle Longevity, Letting the County Learn from the Book, Journey in Haoli, Meng De's New Book, etc.
3. Tao Yuanming
Tao Yuanming (352 or 365-427), also known as "Jingjie", was born in Xunyang Chaisang (now Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province). A great poet and poet at the end of Eastern Jin Dynasty and the beginning of Southern Song Dynasty.
He served as Jiangzhou Wine Sacrifice, Jianwei Army, Zhenjun, and Pengze County Order, and the last official position was Pengze County Order. He left his post for more than 80 days and retired to the countryside. He is the first pastoral poet in China, and is known as "the school of hermit poets in ancient and modern times".
Representative works include "Returning to the Garden" and "Drinking".
4. Liu Yuxi
Liu Yuxi (772-842), a native of Luoyang, Henan, called himself "Luoyang" and Zhongshan. The first one is Zhongshan, Wang Jing and Liu Sheng. A writer and philosopher in the Tang Dynasty, he was called a "poet".
Liu Yuxi was a scholar in the ninth year of Zhenyuan (793). At the beginning, he was a clerk in Du You's shogunate and an envoy in Huainan, and was highly valued by Du You. Later, he entered the DPRK from Du You, supervising the empire.
At the end of Zhenyuan, he made friends with Liu Zongyuan, Han Ye and formed a political group headed by Wang. Later, he successively served as Sima Langzhou, Secretariat of Lianzhou, Secretariat of Kuizhou, Secretariat of Hezhou, Doctor of Host and Guest, Minister of Rites, and Secretariat of Suzhou. In Huichang, we will check the history of the Ministry of Justice. He died at the age of 70 and gave it to the Minister of Housing.
Liu Yuxi's poems and essays are all excellent, with a wide range of subjects. Known as "Liu Liu" with Liu Zongyuan, "Three Masters" with Wei and Bai Juyi, and "Bai Liu" with Bai Juyi, including the humble room, Zhi Zhu Ci, Yang Liuzhi Ci and Wuyi Lane.
5. Du Fu
Du Fu (7 12-770), with beautiful words, is a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty, and is also called "Du Li" with Li Bai. Originally from Xiangyang, Hubei Province, he moved to Gongxian County, Henan Province.
In order to distinguish Li Shangyin, Du Mu and Xiao Du Li, Du Fu and Li Bai are also called Da Du Li, and Du Fu is often called Lao Du.
As a teenager, Du Fu traveled to wuyue and Zhao Qi successively, during which he also visited Luoyang. After thirty-five, I came first and last in Chang 'an. Later, he presented gifts to the emperor and presented them to the nobles.
The frustration of officialdom witnessed the extravagance and social crisis of the upper class in the Tang Dynasty. In the 14th year of Tianbao (755), the Anshi Rebellion broke out, Tongguan fell, and Du Fu moved to many places.
The core of Du Fu's thought is the Confucian thought of benevolent government, and he has the great wish of "making the monarch Yao and Shun superior, and then making the customs pure". Although Du Fu was not famous during his lifetime, his fame spread far and wide, which had a far-reaching impact on China literature and Japanese literature. About 1500 poems of Du Fu have been preserved.
His representative works include Wang Yue, Climbing to the Top and Looking at Spring, Three Officials, Three Farewells, and The Cottage is Broken by Autumn Wind.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Qu Yuan
Baidu encyclopedia-Cao Cao
Baidu Encyclopedia-Tao Yuanming
Baidu Encyclopedia-Liu Yuxi
Baidu Encyclopedia-Du Fu