Research background of Li Bai and Wang Wei's poems

Li Bai, a unique poet in the Tang Dynasty, was born in Longxi (now Gansu) in 70 1-762. Li Bai has always been known as a "poetic fairy" in the history of our country. His poetic style is bold and elegant, with rich imagination, fluent and natural language and harmonious temperament. Li Bai is best at absorbing nutritional materials from folk songs and myths, which constitutes his unique magnificent and gorgeous colors. He is another great romantic poet in the history of China literature after Qu Yuan, and is also called Du Li with Du Fu, and the greatest poet in the history of China. "Wine into the intestine, seven into moonlight, the remaining three into firm but gentle. When the cuffs spit, it is half a prosperous Tang Dynasty. " This is the admiration of famous writer Yu Guangzhong for Li Bai, and just a few words show Li Bai's heroic feelings. In the history of China's poetry, Li Bai's contribution can not be ignored. There are hundreds of poems handed down now, many of which are well-known masterpieces. Li Bai is not only a great poet, but also a man of high morality and integrity. This can be seen from his title of "Violet Lay Man", and a sentence of "Whoever loses without showing emotion" is enough to make people see his boldness of vision. Li Bai, uninhibited and not drunk and laughing wildly, lived in the most prosperous period of the Tang Dynasty. Influenced by traditional ideology and inspired by the spirit of the times at that time, he set up great ambitions in life such as "being willing to save the world" and "saving the world" in his early years, and then "retired after success". This is also his ideal. You know, Li Bai is a man with a strong sense of fame and fortune, and he has a strong Confucian idea of "helping the poor and helping the poor, and not competing with the world." Confucian scholars who looked down on Bai Shou's death were unwilling to take the road of imperial examination as an official or join the army. Instead, I hope that I will meet in the world, and I will always retire from the rivers and lakes with the desire of "making peace with the princes", "conquering the world" and "reaching the Qing Dynasty" after establishing the achievements of the world. It can be seen that Li Bai is an idealist who lacks a sense of reality, and he has retired from life design. Retirement is based on merit, and the way to success is "self-improvement, doing nothing", which has soared to the sky and made a blockbuster. It was precisely because of his wild and unruly personality and behavior that he angered the dignitaries in the DPRK and was finally forced to leave Chang 'an. After leaving Chang 'an, he wrote many famous masterpieces. These "intoxicating" poems either express lofty sentiments and ambitions, or expose secular darkness, or reflect the sinister official career, or reflect the ambivalence in the predicament. For Li Bai's life, we can call him a poet, a fairy, a hermit, an alcoholic and a tramp. He spent his whole life in the conflict between reality and ideal, in the contradiction of not knowing what is the block in his chest, or escaping from the wine country by drinking; Or make poems to visit friends and relieve feelings; Or send your feelings to mountains and rivers, vent your worries and anger and entertain yourself. But no matter what situation he is in, even in adversity, there is always something bold and unrestrained in his poems, a kind of publicity that wants to surpass the world, and a kind of personality that is not drunk or laughing. Perhaps this is his indomitable attitude towards life! However, there is always a big gap between ideal and reality. Li Bai is often depressed, sad and angry. As a result, thunderous pain and anger broke out, clamoring for cooking sheep and slaughtering cattle, selling horses, "drinking 300 cups at a time" and "selling them forever" to vent their resentment that they could not realize their ideals. More than once, he exposed the dark side of Li Tang in his drinking poems, satirizing and attacking the debauchery and tyranny of the supreme ruler. His sharp writing style, passionate feelings and fierce criticism are rare for poets at home and abroad. On the one hand, Li Bai has Confucian thought of running the country, hoping to "help the poor" and "secure the country", on the other hand, he is a rich and floating cloud, a king of dung, and seeks immortality in seclusion. Li Bai, as the name implies, is full of heroic spirit and unrestrained. He loves nature and visits famous mountains and rivers. If you love heroes and hermits, you will live in seclusion and seek Tao; I also have great political ambitions and want to learn Ba Huang's skills. The combination of these two concepts forms an attitude towards life. Li Bai cherished lofty ideals all his life, but he never had a chance to realize them. He had to put his depression into wine and pour his passion into poetry. Such a legendary life, such a talented person, is really like a gorgeous and fulfilling dream. In order to serve the country, Li Bai once went in and out of Chang 'an, even was unjustly imprisoned, and finally died of depression. Li Bai is a talented poet bred by the culture of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, his poems were full of vitality, emotion and spirit, which were fully displayed in Li Bai's poems. At the same time, he is also the most legendary poet in the history of China's poetry. Since ancient times, the image of Li Bai in the eyes of the world has always been inextricably linked with wine and poetry. Indeed, his poems are independent of the previous chapters and methods, and he disdains the neat antithesis and exquisite carving of ancient poems. Instead, he described the dynasty in which he lived and the blocks in his chest with great momentum and broad artistic conception, and the cuffs were half that of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. In our country, if anyone can recite several ancient poems, one of them must be written by Li Bai; Even if you rarely hear a few allusions about ancient poets, one or two of them must be about Li Bai. For more than a thousand years, people have praised him in operas, written him in novels and deified him in legends, which shows his great influence. Therefore, most poets after Li Bai admired him, regarded him as a "poetic immortal" and said that he was "unparalleled for thousands of years". However, then again, our evaluation of poets is inseparable from the limitations of the times. We can't take it out of context, but there is no doubt about the achievements of Li Bai's poems. Other contemporary poets of Li Bai are He, Meng Haoran, Zhang Jiuling, Wang Wei, Wang Changling and Wei. Li Bai, on the other hand, is like a sudden emergence, sweeping the poetry world, which shows his skill. Even Du Fu, a gushing poet, lamented Li Bai's "pen falling on the waves, poetry making the gods cry." Li Bai's poems are heroic and magnificent, containing the fantasy of breaking through the reality, reflecting on the sufferings of people's livelihood at that time and attacking the political darkness. His prose is fresh, clear, unrestrained and fluent. Many poems show his bold spirit, rich imagination and passionate feelings, and become immortal masterpieces in the history of China literature. And his noble integrity of not colluding with treacherous court officials is still praised by future generations. I didn't meet my talent until I was depressed. When I was young, Li Bai had already made a show of himself, recited poems, read widely and was good at chivalry. In the meantime, it was recommended by Wu Yun and others. At the beginning of Tianbao, it was dedicated to Hanlin. Since Yang Guifei was born, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty began to ignore state affairs. He stayed with the imperial concubine all day and all night, only caring about his own enjoyment. He left all political affairs to treacherous court official Li, but Li often stayed in the palace to have fun, and even didn't bother to attend the daily morning meeting. Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei drink and have fun every day, and some people play music and sing, but they are tired of listening to some old lyrics in the palace. He wants to find someone to supplement some new lyrics for him. As a result, Li Bai stepped onto the "political stage". He, an official, said in front of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty that there was a new great poet named Li Bai in Chang 'an. He is a genius. He is excellent at writing and writing poems. Tang Xuanzong was originally a person who loved talents. He had already heard about Li Bai's reputation, so he told He Zhangzhi to inform Li Bai to enter the palace quickly. In fact, Li Bai is still a man with great political ambitions. He was arrogant by nature and was very dissatisfied with the decadent atmosphere of officialdom at that time. He hopes to be appointed by the court and give him a chance to display his political talents. When I came to Chang 'an this time, I heard that Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty summoned him. Without words, I felt his inner happiness only by looking at his five senses. Li Bai thought he could plead for the people in the future, but after being summoned, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty thought that Li Bai was a talented person, so he left Li Bai in imperial academy and asked Li Bai to draft a letter for him. As we all know, Li Bai is an alcoholic. Although I entered imperial academy, I still can't change this habit. Whenever he is free, he will find some poetry friends to drink at Chang 'an Hotel. This time, in order to please Yang Guifei, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty asked the musician to write a new tune, but before filling in the lyrics, he ordered the eunuch to find Li Bai. Who knows the eunuch searched all over imperial academy and there was no white shadow. After careful inquiry, I learned that he was drunk and lay there asleep. So the eunuchs used too many cooks to carry Li Bai into the sedan chair and carried him to the palace. When Li Bai entered the Inner Palace, he looked up and saw that it was Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. He wanted to pay homage, but his body refused to listen. Eunuchs saw that he was so drunk that someone poured a pot of cold water on Li Bai's face, and Li Bai gradually woke up. Because Tang Xuanzong loved his talent very much, he didn't blame him, but told him to write the lyrics at once. The eunuchs were busy cleaning up the pens, inkstones and silks on several cases before him. At this time, he sat down on the ground and suddenly felt the boots on his feet uncomfortable. Seeing an old eunuch beside him, he stretched out his legs and said to the eunuch, "Please help me take off my boots!" " Who knows that the old eunuch turned out to be Gao Lishi, the eunuch leader of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. He usually takes advantage of the emperor's power to rule the country in front of officials, and now a small Hanlin official has ordered him to take off his boots, which makes him dizzy. However, as Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was waiting for Li Bai to write lyrics, Gao Lishi weighed it again and again and pretended to be indifferent. He smiled and said, "I'm really drunk. There is nothing he can do. " He took off Li Bai's boots and knelt on the ground. After Li Bai took off his boots, he didn't even look at Gao Lishi. He picked up a pen and began to write. Without much time, he wrote three lyrics and handed them to Tang Xuanzong. Tang Xuanzong recited it several times and found that the words were beautiful and the rhythm was sonorous. This is really a good poem, so he immediately asked the musicians to sing it. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty admired Li Bai, but Gao Lishi, who took off his boots for Li Bai, held a grudge. On this day, Gao Lishi accompanied Yang Guifei to enjoy the scenery in the imperial garden. Yang Guifei sang Li Bai's poems happily, and Gao Lishi deliberately pretended to be surprised and said, "Oh, Li Bai insulted her in these poems, didn't you know?" Yang Guifei asked strangely what was going on. Gao Lishi embellished that there was a sentence in a poem written by Li Bai, which compared Yang Guifei to Zhao, the dissolute queen of the Han Dynasty, in order to satirize her. After listening to this, Yang Guifei stopped fighting. Later, she told Li Bai's shortcomings in front of Tang Xuanzong intentionally or unintentionally, and Tang Xuanzong gradually disliked Li Bai. Li Bai is also a well-informed person. He saw some snobs around Tang Xuanzong. If he stayed with Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, it would be impossible for him to make political achievements. So, in the spring of the following year, Li Bai wrote a letter and asked to resign and return to China. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty approved his request, and in order to show his love for talents, he also gave Li Bai a sum of money and sent someone to take him home. Since Li Bai resigned, he has lived a free life as a poet. The evaluation of later generations-such a hermit looks at Li Bai's life, and in his official career, everything is unsatisfactory and he has gone through hardships; In behavior, fame is stronger than begging for power; Emotionally, rough and cynical. Li Bai's poems left to later generations are full of romantic exaggeration, and his rhetoric always shows the fantasy of "making friends with princes". His dissatisfaction with reality centers on the fact that his ambition of going into politics cannot be realized. What he hates and hates is only the villain who blocks his ambition, and his dissatisfaction with emperors and dignitaries is that they are too picky and don't know their talents. However, even if he is brilliant, he can't resist his arrogant and unruly personality, because it is doomed that he is incompatible with officialdom. If the ignorance of the emperor and powerful people led to the frustration of his official career, then his own personality is another important reason why he can't be an official. If he didn't succeed and retire in this life, then he didn't really live in quiet seclusion in this life. Similarly, his liberation of personality, his pride and detachment in literary creation, his indulgence and self-adaptation, and his aggressive pursuit of fame and fortune in politics have plunged him into painful contradictions all his life. The sublimity of poet Li Bai and the vulgarity of literati Li Bai seem to be unified subjectively, leaving excellent rendering materials and reflection examples for later literati with personality and depression.