1. Reading of Du Mu's Biography of the Talented Scholar of the Tang Dynasty
Explanation
The minister, who was highly esteemed for his great virtue, said: Ping
Then please To repay the target with a gift:
However, respect what you have been taught:... Teach, instruct.
The purpose of the article written by Duo Fen is:... What is done, what is written (does).
(Duo Burning Articles: Burned many articles he wrote)
Translation
Du Mu, courtesy name Mu Zhi was from the Chang'an area of ??the capital. Good at writing articles. In the second year of Yamato (828), Emperor Wenzong of the Tang Dynasty, Wei Chou, the top scholar, won the Jinshi. He was the Jinshi in the same year as Li Xuan. When he failed to pass the Jinshi examination, he came to Luoyang, the eastern capital (to take the Jinshi examination). The Minister of Rites who was the examiner at that time was Cui Yu. Wu Wuling, a doctor from Taixue, rode a lame donkey to see Cui Yu and said: "With your high virtue and great reputation, you elect talents for the wise king. How dare I not?" I gave him as little help as a drop of dew. I happened to meet a dozen scribes in the past, and they were very excited. I read an article together, which was "A Fang Gong Fu" by Jinshi Du Mu. People have great talents to assist the king." So he took out the scroll of "Afang Palace Fu", put the wat on his belt, and started reading aloud. Cui Yu greatly appreciated it. Wu Wuling said: "Please nominate him as the number one scholar." Cui Yun said: "The first place is already occupied." Wu Wuling said: "If he cannot be the number one scholar, please let him be the fifth scholar. If he still is, If it doesn't work, just return this gift to me!" His tone and face were fierce and stern. Cui Yu said: "Many students said that Du Mu was indulgent and unrestrained, but I respectfully followed your advice and did not dare to change." Later, Du Mu passed the exam and passed the examination of Xianliangzhengke. Master Shen (Jiangxi Observer) wrote a memorial recommending him to serve as a regiment training inspector in Jiangxi. Later, Du Mu served as the secretary of the Huainan Jiedu Mansion of Niu Sengru (Huainan Jiedu). Later, he was appointed as the imperial censor by the imperial court, and was gradually promoted to Zuo Buque. He also served as the governor of Huangzhou, Chizhou and Muzhou. He drafted imperial edicts for the emperor as a doctor of merit examination, and was later transferred to Zhongshu Sheren. Du Mu has a strong and upright character, extraordinary integrity, and is not cautious about small things. He dares to discuss national affairs one by one, and is especially eager to point out and state the pros and cons of national affairs. I always pay close attention to the art of war and military strategies. Once, because his cousin Du Tai became a general and became a prime minister, his career was frustrated and frustrated. He was unhappy and couldn't calm down. He died at the age of 50. When he was dying, he wrote an epitaph and burned many of the articles he had written. His poems are heroic and his diction is astonishing. People who appreciated him compared him with Du Fu, so they called him "Big Du" and "Little Du" to distinguish them.
Notes
Wei Chou Bang: The number one on this list is Wei Chou, so it is called Wei Chou Bang.
Success in the examination during the imperial examination era, especially refers to the Jinshi.
Chief Silang: Chief Si, the examiner of the imperial examination. Shilang, the deputy minister of the Sixth Ministry. In the twenty-fourth year of Emperor Xuanzong's reign of the Tang Dynasty, it was stipulated that the Ministry of Rites should preside over the imperial examinations, and the Minister of Rites should serve as the examiner.
Cejian: riding a lame donkey.
A drop of dew in the dust represents something insignificant and insignificant.
Raise your eyebrows and raise your eyebrows when smiling; raise your eyebrows and give your palms a high five. Describes extreme joy and joy.
Jinhu: Put the Hut on your belt.
Rate: high rate, probably, roughly. 2. Read the following classical Chinese text and complete the following questions: "Preface to the Collection of Li He" In October of the fifth year of Du Mutaihe's reign,
Answer to question 1B Question 2D Question 3C Question 4 (1) St. Philosophy can do things/so it can guide the heaven and the earth/weave the yin and yang/uphold the principles of discipline/promote morality/show benevolence enough to benefit things/hide usefulness enough to be good alone (2) ① Li He has no wife, children or brothers, so he can provide support and show sympathy.
(2 points) ② You and I have a deep relationship. Write a preface to Li He's collection for me and tell all the ins and outs of his poems. Maybe it can slightly ease my feelings about Li He's grief. (3 points) ③ If Li He is not dead yet, with a little more reasoning in the poem, he can call "Li Sao" a slave.
(Or translated as ""Li Sao" should be below him", "achievement exceeds "Li Sao"") (3 points) (1 point will be deducted for translation errors in blackened areas) Answer analysis question 1 ( Grant, hand it over.) Subtopic 2 (② is Du Mu’s praise of Shen Ziming.
⑤ is his evaluation of the content of "Li Sao".) Subtopic 3 ("Seriously divorced from real life and poetry" "Conventional border path" is wrong.
It should be because although it has shortcomings, it is unique and extraordinary.) Sub-question 4 is appended with a brief reference to the classical Chinese translation. In mid-October of the fifth year of Taihe, in the middle of the night, someone shouted loudly outside the house to send someone off. The person who wrote the letter, Du Mu, said: "There must be special circumstances. Bring fire!" When he opened the letter, he found a letter from Shen Ziming, a bachelor of Jixian Palace, which read: "My old friend Li He, Yuan He During the years, we had a deep friendship and lived together from morning to night.
When Li He was about to die, he gave me the poems he had written in his life and compiled them into four volumes. Two hundred and thirty-three poems. In the past few years, I have been running around, and I really thought I had lost it. After I woke up tonight and could no longer fall asleep, I read and sorted out the book box, and suddenly found the poems that Li He had given me before.
Looking back on the past, every time I talked or played with Li He, in a certain place, a certain scene, a certain day or night, every time I drank and every time I ate, there was clearly no trace of forgetting or giving up. , (thinking of these) I couldn't help but shed tears. Li He had no wife, children, or brothers, so he could support him on time and show sympathy and condolences.
I once thought about his character in regret, recited and savored his poems! You and I have a deep relationship. You wrote a preface to Li He's collection for me, telling all the origins of his poems. Maybe you can slightly ease my feelings about Li He's grief. "That night I couldn't write a letter to show that I couldn't write the preface. The next day I went to Mr. Shen to decline and said: "The world says that Li He's talent far exceeds that of his predecessors.
"After a few days of humility, I tried my best to persuade and said: "Your research on poetry is profound, wonderful and extensive, and you fully understand its pros and cons. Now you ask me to write a preface to Li He's poem and I won't refuse. I will definitely not be able to satisfy you. What should I do? " He declined again, saying that he did not dare to write a preface to Li He's poem.
Duke Shen said, "If you persist like this, you are neglecting me. " Therefore, I did not dare to refuse any more and reluctantly wrote the preface to Li He's poems. I always felt very ashamed.
Li He, one of the many descendants of the Tang Dynasty, had the courtesy name Chang Ji. During the Yuanhe period, Han Yu also praised him very much. His poetry.
The continuous clouds and smoke are not enough to express the gesture of his poetry; the distance of the river is not enough to express the talent of his poetry; the fullness of spring is not enough to express the gentleness of his poetry; the cheerfulness of autumn is not enough. To express the style of his poetry; the war horses on the mast in the wind are not enough to express the courage of his poetry; the earthenware coffin and the bronze tripod with small seals are not enough to express the simplicity of his poetry; the gorgeous flowers and beauties are not enough to express the color of his poetry; The desolate country's abandoned side palaces and withered trees and mounds and tombs are not enough to express the resentful and sad emotions of his poems; the leaping giant whales, bull-headed ghosts, and human bodies and snake heads are not enough to express the ethereal, absurd and bizarre nature of his poems. Heir, he may not be as good as Qu Yuan in terms of reasoning, but he may be able to surpass him in terms of words.
("Li Sao" has an allegorical effect on the monarch and his ministers in governing chaos, and it also contains accusations and resentments. It talks about the monarch and his ministers in governing chaos. There are always inspiring emotions in Li He's poems. Li He explores the historical allusions. This is why he deeply laments that there are no "traditional" people in ancient and modern times, such as " "The Golden Bronze Immortal Ci Han Song" and "The Ballad of Bu Liang Yu Jian My Palace"
The emotions expressed are not based on the existing written and historical facts, and are often derived from the past events, so they cannot be deeply understood. Got it. Li He died after living for twenty-seven years! Everyone said: If Li He had not died early, with a little more reasoning, he could have called "Li Sao" a slave.
Li He died. Fifteen years later, Du Mu of Jingzhao wrote a preface to his poem. 3. Read the following Tang poem and complete the question (11 points) entitled Wuguan ① Du Mu Bixi left me in Wu Guandong
1. p>
The poet "laughed" that King Huai was confused and fatuous, and he listened to the villain's words and exiled Qu Yuan, which ultimately led to the tragic ending of his death in Qin and the decline of Chu's national destiny. (3 points) The poet "laughed" to King Huai. It is hoped that the rulers of the Tang Dynasty will be prepared for danger in times of peace, learn the historical lessons of King Huai of Chu, appoint people on their merits, and work hard to govern.
① Personification: The first couplet "Bixi left me in Wu Guandong" uses personification. In this way, he described his hovering in Wuguan as staying with the "Bixi River", which naturally transferred the poetic sentiment to the association and emotion of this historical trace.
②Contrast. : The chin couplet "Zheng Xiu is as charming as drunk, and Qu Yuan is as haggard as a puff". It uses a strong contrast to make a sharp contrast between Zheng Xiu's "as drunk" state after being favored and Qu Yuan's "haggard" and frustrated look after being exiled. . Through the contrast between the villain gaining power and the wise minister abandoning him, he tactfully criticizes King Huai for his ignorance, scolds Zheng Xiu for his deception, and deplores Qu Yuan's expulsion.
③ Metaphor: Neck couplet "Mountain". "Qiangguqian" refers to the situation in the past when the country is still the same, and "the weak spits out and the strong swallows" refers to the situation where the weak eats the strong and the seven kingdoms compete for supremacy. By lamenting that the country remains the same and the personnel are completely changed, the poet explains that it is precisely because of the changes in personnel that King Huai of Chu It is stupidity that leads to the tragedy of losing one's country and dying in a foreign country.
(Choose any two points to answer) Question analysis: 1. This poem uses the past to satirize the present. When answering the questions, you should combine the first couplet, jaw couplet and last couplet to answer the question.
"A smile makes King Huai poor," is the poet's ridicule of King Huai's tragic ending. It also contains sighs, hatred and reflections on King Huai's life and events. The Weilian hopes that the rulers of the Tang Dynasty will learn from the historical lessons of King Huai of Chu, appoint people on their merits, work hard to govern, and revitalize the country's destiny.
Analysis of test questions: 2. This question tests the ability to appreciate rhetorical techniques in poetry.
When answering the question, you should first point out what rhetorical techniques were used, then analyze where this technique is reflected, and point out the effect of expression. 4. Reading answers to Du Mu's "Jiangnan"
The poet stands on the high mountain, standing on the red building, gazing at it day by day, looking forward to it, waiting for the arrival of an era, waiting for the arrival of a harmonious and prosperous era where all people will be happy. , "In the Qing Dynasty, there was taste but incompetence. I loved the solitary cloud and the monk quietly.
I want to lead the rivers and seas. I am happy to travel on the plain and look at Zhaoling." The poet is always unwilling. In the late Tang Dynasty, In the lingering light of the setting sun, I looked at the prosperous age created by Taizong, where all the people were enjoying themselves and hundreds of countries came to court.
However, the poet was disappointed and felt cold. On the horizon, the sun sets, and there is a blur of shadows.
With a long sigh, the poet walked into Jiangnan. All the filthiness, all the mortal world, are so unbearable and dirty compared with the mountains and rivers of Jiangnan and the children of Jiangnan.
"The prosperous things disperse the fragrance, and the flowing water is ruthless and the grass springs from spring." The poet sighed softly, freezing in the misty rain in the south of the Yangtze River, watching quietly, watching "Thousands of miles of orioles singing green and reflecting red, Watch the beauty of "Shui Cun Shan Guo Wine Flag Wind"; watch "Thousands of families are raining behind the curtains in late autumn, and a flute wind blows on the balcony at sunset" singing and dancing; watching the children of Jiangnan holding a cooling fan on a moonlit night, smiling at the charming and naive expressions of flying fireflies; watching the smoke and water of Yangzhou and the moonlight of Qinhuai .
Jiangnan comforts the poet. The poet is intoxicated in Jiangnan.
Du Mu’s Jiangnan meaning and emotional changes.
5. Classical Chinese text reading, read the following classical Chinese text and complete the following questions
(1)D "Bai" here means time, meaning "a period of time has passed", it can be formed into a separate sentence, and it can be divided into sentences before and after, excluding A, B; "this" is a pronoun, the meaning of "such" is used as the object of "kan", and then the sentence is broken, excluding C. The sentence is translated as: The emperor's face changed. Afterwards, he said to Li Jiang: "This guy is mine." I can't tolerate the promotion of someone who dares to do this. I must reprimand him!" (2) B "Weiguan" does not mean "weak crown". A man who is 20 years old is called a weak crown. At this time, the crown ceremony is held, which means that he has become an adult. The hat is used to indicate adulthood, but the body is still not strong and relatively young, so it is called "weak". (3) A "Bai Juyi believed that his poems all have passionate meanings and simple words". According to the original text, "the most allegorical meaning is passionate" It can be seen that the intense meaning but simple words are the characteristics of his allegorical poems. (4) ① False: grant; predicate: say; and: give, grant. The sentence is translated as: Now if the important task of prime minister is given to him, the world will When people hear about this, they will say that His Majesty gave him the position of prime minister only after receiving the property he dedicated. ②Shou: first, first; urgent: quickly, immediately, immediately; period: request, expectation. The sentence is translated as: Bai Juyi was the first to submit a memorial to the emperor, requesting that the murderer be arrested immediately and wash away the shame of the court. He made it a requirement (or expectation) that the murderer must be arrested. Answer: (1) D(2)B(3)A(4) ① If the important task of prime minister is given to him now, when everyone in the world hears about it, they will all say that your majesty only gave him the position of prime minister in response to his donation. ② Bai Juyi was the first to submit a memorial to the emperor, requesting that the murderer be arrested immediately , to wash away the humiliation of the imperial court, and make it a requirement (or expectation) to arrest the murderer. Reference translation: Juyi is very smart and good at writing. When he was a minor, he met Gu Kuang. Gu Kuang is a native of Wu. He relies on his talent and rarely praises him. He praised others. But when he saw Bai Juyi's article, he couldn't help but say: "I thought talented people have become extinct, and now I have found you again!" During the Zhenyuan period, he passed the Jinshi examination and was awarded the title of School Secretary. In 1998, due to a serious drought, the emperor issued an edict to waive taxes and provide relief to the people to alleviate the disaster. Seeing that the edict was not detailed enough, Bai Juyi suggested that the taxes be exempted from the Yangtze and Huaihe areas to help the hungry people fleeing famine. Xianzong adopted it. Li Shidao donated six million of his private money to redeem the old house for Wei Zheng's grandson. Bai Juyi wrote in a memorial: "When Wei Zheng was the prime minister, Taizong built a mansion with the wood of the palace hall and gave it to him. If future generations cannot keep it, your majesty should also use it to build a mansion." They are the descendants of virtuous ministers, and they were given to them after redemption. Li Shidao is a minister, and he should not take the beauty of others for himself." Xianzong adopted his suggestion. King E of Hedong will be awarded the position of prime minister. Juyi believes, " The prime minister is respected by people all over the world. He cannot be appointed unless he is a virtuous person with high hopes and outstanding achievements. Wang E extorted people's money in every possible way, and the property he obtained was called "Xianyu" as a donation. Now if he is given the important task of prime minister When people in the world heard about this, they would all say that your majesty gave him the position of prime minister only after receiving the property he donated. The governors secretly thought: "Who is worse than Wang E?" The official position I want." Later, Bai Juyi discussed with Xianzong in the palace. The argument was persistent and frank. Before the emperor issued the notice, Bai Juyi said to the emperor: "Your Majesty is wrong." The emperor's face changed. After that, he said to Li Jiang said: "This guy was promoted by me. How dare he do this? I can't tolerate it. I must reprimand him!" Li Jiang said: "Your Majesty can open up his voice, so the ministers dare to discuss the pros and cons of the government. If Bai Juyi is deposed, they will be muzzled. This is not a way to promote the emperor's virtue." The emperor woke up and still treated Bai Juyi. Just like in the past. The next year, an assassin assassinated Prime Minister Wu Yuanheng. The 2016 Chinese senior high school joint entrance examination questions of eight schools including the No. 1 Middle School of Hubei Province, Jingzhou Middle School, and Huanggang Middle School in Kyoto were shocked. Bai Juyi was the first to submit a memorial to the emperor, demanding The culprits were captured immediately to wash away the shame of the court and demanded that all of them be arrested and brought to justice. The prime minister suspected that he had exceeded his authority (the palace official spoke before the admonishment official), so he was unhappy. Soon there was a rumor: "Bai Juyi's mother fell into the well and died." , but he wrote the poem "Xinjing Pian" with flashy words and no virtue. He could not serve in the court. Read the answer." So he was sent out of the capital to be the governor of Jiangzhou. Wang Ya, the official of Zhongshushe, wrote another letter saying that Bai Juyi was not suitable to be the governor, so he was demoted to Sima of Jiangzhou. After being demoted, Bai Juyi could adapt to this experience and rely on He was committed to the theory of life and death in Buddhism and Taoism, and seemed to have no scruples. Comment: Bai Juyi was very famous with Yuan Zhen during the Yuanhe and Changqing years. He was best at writing poems. Other articles were not good enough, and he had too many poems. There are thousands of poems, which have not been seen since the Tang Dynasty. He himself said: "Those that are about praising or satirizing are called allegorical poems; those that sing about temperament are called leisurely poems; those that are written with feelings when encountering things are called sentimental poems. The others are miscellaneous poems. Rhymed poetry." He also satirized himself and said: "What the world loves only is miscellaneous verse, and what they value is exactly what I despise. As for allegorical poetry, the meaning is intense but the words are simple. The leisure poetry is quiet and indifferent in thinking but slow in writing. Because of its directness and slowness, it is reasonable for people not to like it." Reading his poems now, it is indeed true. But Du Mu said: "The delicate and immodest poems are not done by dignified and elegant people. This kind of poetry is not done by dignified and elegant people. Poetry spreads among the people, and fathers, sons, and mothers teach it orally, and obscene words and obscenities enter the human flesh and bone and cannot be eliminated." Looking at Bai Juyi, he tried his best to speak frankly at first, and he was admonishing the political situation in front of the emperor, hoping to achieve meritorious service, although he was moderate. He was reprimanded, but later he became more determined. Wow, Bai Juyi is a wise man.