In ancient times, some poets lived in faraway places for a long time, or drifted away from home, or sought jobs, or relegated their posts, or traveled to famous mountains and rivers, or visited relatives and friends. The so-called "detention" means that they live in other places for a long time because of the above reasons. This kind of poetry expresses endless homesickness, endless thoughts and frustrations for relatives. To read this kind of poems, we should generally understand the history and experience of the poet, what the poet thinks and the complex feelings contained in the poems. The famous poem "A crow in a thatched cottage, a bright moon shines on a broken bridge" has been read by people all the time, which has shaped the unique scene and specific atmosphere for travelers to smell chickens and set off on the road, thus further arousing the poet's homesickness. Often express the pain of business trip, service and official travel. People are homesick because. Frequent wars; The mountains are long and the water is wide; Defend the border for a long time; Official travel does not return; Wandering outside; Demote officials from different places; Wild geese return to their hometown; During the holidays. 1.
There are some key words in the poems about travel, such as loneliness, sadness, ruthlessness, pity, emptiness, loneliness, hometown and lovesickness. In the third volume of 2004, I read Yan's Partridge Day. The word "not as good as going home" is the key to understanding "the author's thoughts and feelings" (the second question of the test). It is the key to interpret Kou Zhun's 2005 Spring Upstairs.
Sometimes special festivals are also key information, such as winter solstice, New Year's Eve, Lantern Festival, Double Ninth Festival and other important festivals, which often cause travelers to feel homesick. For example, Bai Juyi's Thinking from Winter to Day and Night and Gao Shi's Walking at Night were written in two important festivals in the Tang Dynasty. In 2006, Wei Chu, a poet of the Yuan Dynasty, wrote a poem called "Partridge Day, House Man Day", which was written on his wife's day. It's called "homesickness twice during the holiday"!
2. Emotional aspects
There are four kinds of emotions expressed in poems on the journey:
(1) Describe the pain of the journey and express inner loneliness, desolation and homesickness. Such as a night-mooring near maple bridge by Zhang Ji and Qiu Si by Ma Zhiyuan.
Feel deep affection and express love and yearning for your loved ones. Such as Meng Jiao's Ode to a Wandering Son and Wen's Journey to the Good.
(3) Express the loneliness, resentment and indignation of living alone in one's hometown without being reused, talented and able to serve the country. For example, Du Fu's Ascending the Mountain, Fan Zhongyan's Pride of the Fisherman, and Qiu Lai's Scenery.
(4) express the feelings of hating war and missing relatives in hometown. For example, in 2004, Jiangsu published Liu's People's Accusing Officials.
Common thoughts and feelings:
1. Meng Haoran's "Jiande Night Sleeping 2". Missing relatives and friends: Wang Wei's "Missing Shandong Brothers on Vacation in the Mountain 3". Nostalgia: Li Yi's "Night Crying on the Wall of Hometown".
How do people express homesickness in poetry?
Touching the scene; To my dismay, the village bridge is like my hometown!
Feel the time, feel; Look at the moon in Mid-Autumn Festival; Chongyang climbs high; New year's eve;
Sad spring and sad autumn; At dusk, I feel homesick and express my feelings. Moon, wild goose, flute and willow.
Send love because of dreams; 1, I dreamed of going home at night, and it was already dawn before I got to Tonglu. 2. Because of Ling Du's dream, the goose returned to the pond.
Wonderful metaphor: homesickness. In the boudoir: Wang Changling and in my heart forever.
3. As far as technology is concerned
Common techniques: borrowing scenery to express emotion, expressing emotion and rendering contrast; The lyrical angle comes from the pen and enters the pen from the other side.
In addition to the common expression techniques such as "expressing emotion by borrowing scenery", "combining reality with reality" and "rendering", there are two special expression techniques:
(1) The music scene is lined with sadness. For example, in Du Fu's quatrains, when the poet stayed in Chengdu, he was eager to return to the East. Because of the war, he couldn't make it, so he said, "I saw it again this spring." When is the year of return? " Sigh. However, the first two sentences of the poem, "Birds in the river are too white, mountains are too white", describe a beautiful picture of spring, saying that spring is harmonious. Why are you homesick for such a beautiful scenery? It turns out that this is a happy scene to write sad feelings, and the sharp contrast between objective scenery and subjective feelings more strongly sets off the poet's homesickness.
2 write on the side. I don't mean homesick, but my family misses you. That's sad. For example, Du Fu's Moonlit Night: "Far away in Fuzhou, she is watching the moonlight, looking at it alone from the window of her room. For our boys and girls, poor little baby, too young to know where the capital is. Her cloudy hair is sweet with mist, and her jade-white shoulders are cold in the moonlight. When can we lie on the screen again and look at the bright light and stop crying? The poet imagined a picture of his wife looking at the moon and thinking of a distant one, which was memorable and long-awaited. He wrote his wife beautifully, and also showed the poet's longing and deep love, which was particularly sad and touching to read. In addition, Bai Juyi's Thinking Day and Night and Wang Wei's Brothers Silu on Mountain Holiday are both imagining that relatives in their hometown are missing themselves and expressing homesickness. Moon [See Moon Huairen] "He knows that the dew will be frost tonight, and the moonlight at home will be how bright!" Take fantasy as reality and highlight the yearning for hometown;
Moon: The moon causes homesickness and homesickness, such as Li Bai's Silent Night Thinking: "Looking up, I found it was moonlight, and then sinking, and I suddenly thought of home."
Autumn wind, autumn frost and hay: make pedestrians feel lonely, desolate and melancholy.
Indus River: According to folklore, the phoenix likes to inhabit the buttonwood tree. According to ancient books, Chinese parasol trees can know autumn. "A phoenix tree leaves, and the world knows autumn." The poet observed the scene of the phoenix tree falling leaves and lamented the loneliness and desolation of life. For example, Li Qingzhao's "The Sound is Slow": "The phoenix tree is raining and dripping at dusk."
Du Fu: Also known as Du Yu and Zigui, he is weeping, as if "it is better to go home". The quarrel is bright red, so there is a saying that "the cuckoo cries blood". It is often related to homesickness, such as Li Bai's "Difficult Road to Shu": "Returning, worrying about empty mountains."
Ape crow: it often symbolizes the sadness of wandering people, such as Du Fu's Up the Mountain: "The ape whimpers in a sharp wind from the vast sky."
Sha Ou: It often refers to the image of wandering and loneliness.
West building, tall building, small building, dangerous building and dangerous fence: Borrowing people to show their feelings of missing the building, leaning on the fence or climbing the building, such as Fan Zhongyan's Su Curtain: "The bright moon building is lonely, and the wine turns into homesick tears."
Hongyan [migratory birds often make wanderers homesick and worry about their travels] "People return to geese and think about flowers before";
Floating clouds [like a wandering wanderer because of drifting] "I should think of you in the floating clouds, so think of me in the sunset." The sunset is intended to cherish, such as "an old friend";
Others such as cold mountain, smoke, smoke, tall buildings, birds, smoke, sunset and so on. Especially at dusk and dusk, when my wife lives alone, she will miss the wanderers in the distance; Wandering travelers will stop to rest, and their worries will suddenly arise. Images with similar colors to sunset glow and sunset glow can also show the homesickness of wanderers.
Pay attention to four kinds of images: the images frequently used in stranded poems are: ① "Looking at the moon and thinking about a distance", such as Du Fu's "Recalling Brothers on a Moonlit Night" 200 1 Spring Shanghai; (2) The Legend of Hongyan, such as Yan Wen by Wei in the spring of 2003 and Lengtang by Zhao Wei; (3) "Fold the willow to bid farewell", such as the national volume Li Bai's "Smelling the flute in Los Angeles on a Spring Night" in 2002; (4) Cuckoo Crys Blood, such as Partridge Sky written by Yan in National Volume C in 2004. 1. What are the "eyes" written by the author? What kind of "feelings" does this express?
For example, Ouyang Xiu's Walking on the Beach:
Waiting for the pavilion * plum blossoms, weeping willows on the stream bridge, and swaying grass. Sadness is getting farther and farther away, and the distance is like spring water.
Inch by inch, my heart is tender, my eyes are full of tears, and the height of the building is not close to the dangerous fence. Pingwu is full of spring mountains, and pedestrians are even outside.
* Waiting Hall: Guest House.
The first three sentences of the first part are descriptions of spring scenery, and the last two sentences become descriptions of leaving sorrow. It means that as the parting time grows longer and farther apart, the sadness accumulates more and more, just like a spring water flowing in front of you, and the journey is long. The beauty of this metaphor is that it is an impromptu metaphor, touching the scene and being endowed with joy. It is a leisurely god that you see in your eyes and feel in your heart. From this point of view, he is more worrying than Li Yu's "Ask Jun". Like a river flowing eastward "is more natural.
This word is a common theme, but it shows a deep emotional realm, which makes people feel that the whole word itself has a kind of implicit implication of "like spring water" and is fascinating. Of course, it depends on the deep feelings themselves, but it is also inseparable from the novelty of ideas, the naturalness of metaphors and the beauty of imagination. The first movie describes the sadness of the walker, and the second movie describes the fantasy thinking of the walker. This kind of ethereal thinking actually deepens the sadness and makes the artistic conception of the whole word more distant. The metaphor and imagination at the end of the last part show affection and realm, which makes people feel that although the pictures displayed in the text are limited, the situation is infinite. Yu Pingbo commented that at the end of the next movie, there are two sentences: "It seems that you can draw, but you can't draw". This "painting can't be done" is not only a pedestrian outside the spring mountain, but also a distant feeling.
2. What are the characteristics of this kind of poems in lyricism? For example, to appreciate Wang Wei's homesickness masterpiece "I miss my Shandong brothers on a mountain holiday", we should find out how the poet wrote his feelings from the other side, instead of directly saying that he misses his relatives in his hometown:
I am a lonely stranger in a strange land, and I miss my family more often during the holidays. When I think of my brothers' bodies climbing high, I will feel a little regret for not being able to reach me.
The author used the phrase "I miss my family more often during the festive season" to express the young poet's unforgettable memory of his warm family and lovely relatives when he traveled back to his hometown. Whenever the festival comes, being inseparable from him reminds him of the scene of family reunion, which is not only the poet's own voice at this moment, but also expresses his deep homesickness; It also conveys the world situation and shows the Chinese people's inherent mentality of attaching importance to family ethics. This sentence is smooth and simple. If you can understand it, once it is sung, it will spread like wildfire and become a famous sentence that has been passed down through the ages.
The first sentence of the poem is written as "a guest" and the second sentence is written as "homesickness", both of which are simple and natural direct lyricism; The last two sentences became empty. The poet flies the wings of imagination and crosses the space. Suppose that on the Double Ninth Festival, brothers who are far away from home will climb the mountain and look out as usual, wear dogwood and drink rice wine according to traditional customs, and miss themselves-brothers who are far away from home. This kind of imagination is actually in contrast with the poet's own thoughts about his brothers. The whole poem is full of truth, reality and emptiness, and the four ups and downs are just right, which strengthens the expression of deep affection and appears endless charm. As Zhang Qianyi, a man of A Qing Dynasty, said, "It's twice as bleak not to say that I miss him, but that he misses me."
How does the poet skillfully combine homesickness with what he sees and hears?
Such as the 2002 national college entrance examination questions:
Read the following poem and answer the questions.
On a spring night, I smell the flute in Los Angeles.
Lipper
Yu Di's dark flying sound scattered into the spring breeze in Los Angeles. Who can't get homesick when they hear that there is another village in the serenade?
When commenting on this poem, predecessors once said that the word "folding willow" is the key to the whole poem. What is the moral of "breaking willow" in the poem? Do you agree with the key theory? Why?
Reference answer: Zheliu is the abbreviation of the song Zheliu, which means to bid farewell to the distant future. This poem expresses homesickness, which is produced by hearing the flute sound of "folding willow". It can be seen that "folding willow" is the key to the whole poem.
Appreciation method
1, first reading the whole poem, overall perception, and determining the emotional category.
2. Grasp the key sentences, excavate the words, and realize the emotion first.
3. Grasp the image, construct the picture, and then realize the emotion.
4. According to the topic, organize the language and form the answer 1. Night berth near Zhangjifeng Bridge
Crows fell on the moon, crowed coldly, slept on maple trees, and slept in fishing lanes by the river. In the lonely Hanshan Temple outside Suzhou, the bell that rang in the middle of the night reached the passenger ship.
This is a famous travel poem. Because of its quiet artistic conception and the poet's unique feeling, it is still sung not only in China but also in Japan, showing its great charm.
The first sentence consists of three images: the setting of the moon, crows and frosty days. The moonset is about what you see, the crow is about what you hear, and the frost is about how you feel. These three images are mutually causal. Because of the change of the light and shade of the moon, the birds were awakened and made several crows. Because of the silence and coolness in the middle of the night, the poet felt frosty all over the sky. In the second sentence, by contrast, Jiang Feng and Fishing Fire are static and dynamic, one is dark and the other is bright; A river, a river. The poet looked at the maple grove and fishing fire at three or two o'clock. At this time, cold and confusion filled the poet's mind and became melancholy. The word "right" of "melancholy sleep" contains the meaning of "companionship", and "melancholy sleep" is actually unable to sleep because of anxiety. "Sorrow" is the eye of the poem and the finishing touch of the whole poem. The first two poems are very dense, and the word 14 describes six scenarios, but the third and fourth sentences are extremely sparse. There is only one thing written in the two poems: the night bell of Sleeping Mountain Temple.
"Gusu" is Suzhou, and "Hanshan Temple" is named after the poet and monk Hanshan lived here in the early Tang Dynasty. Images such as moonset, crows, frosty days, cold nights, Jiang Feng, fishing fires, solitary boats and guests show a night-mooring near maple bridge's gloom and sadness in all aspects, but they are not enough to convey its charm. In the dark night, people's hearing rises to the top of their feelings about external things. This poem "Midnight Bell" not only sets off the silence of the night, but also reveals the profound loneliness of the night, and the poet's melancholy will be more intense, so that readers can deeply understand the loneliness and melancholy mentality in the guest journey. In a word, this poem is unique in poetic image, long in artistic conception and profound in meaning.
Shang Shan Wen Tingyun left early.
Start your journey in the morning and visit your hometown. When a chicken crows at the Maodian Moon, people walk on the Banqiao Frost.
Mistletoe leaves fall on the mountain road, and Zhihua Ming Yi wall is on the wall. Remembering Ling Du's dream, the geese returned to the pond.
[Note] ① Shangshan: It is located in the southeast of Shangxian County, Shaanxi Province. ② Sign: the bell of bus and horse. ③ Quercus (H): tree name, deciduous tree. ④ Fructus Aurantii (zh): shrub or small tree. Post refers to a good post. ⑤ Ling Du: Place name. The real name is Du Yuan, also known as Le Garden Scenic Area. Emperor Xuan Di built a mausoleum here and renamed it Ling Du. ⑥ Fu: Wild ducks. Back to the pond, a winding pond. The poet dreamed of Chang 'an and saw the lakes and mountains around Ling Du.
[Appreciation] This poem describes a trip to the mountains in early spring and expresses loneliness and homesickness. The first couplet is about leaving early, and the dynamic sign summarizes the busy state of recruiting people to get up early, with a clear image. "Getting up early" and "homesickness" take care of each other, which means that it is difficult for people to be homesick, and in the end, they have to take into account the "Ling Du dream". Zhuan Xu's poem "The cock crows in Maodian, and the frost in Banqiao, a barren man" has been passed down through the ages. Both of these poems are good at choosing words, and both of them focus on scenery. The poet only chose six things, the sound of chickens, Maodian, people's footsteps, Banqiao, Frost Moon and ten words. After careful organization and high tempering by the poet, even an adjective, verb and other adjectives are not needed, and a series of scenes are written in front of him, full of images. Mistletoe leaves fall on the road, and bitter orange blossom goes without saying. The word "Ming" not only suits the color, but also leaves early when it is dark. William's "Ling Du Dream" added to his homesickness last night. With dreams as the knot, the feelings are profound and long, and the beginning and end are round. The whole poem has beautiful sentences, clever brushwork, careful observation and unique experience.
Yugan Hotel
Shake down the dusk, the green maple leaves are thin. A lonely city closes its water, and birds fly alone.
At the beginning of the ferry, the neighbors went fishing and didn't return. Hometown heartbroken, where to pound cold clothes.
(1) How do poets express their homesickness through scenery?
(2) In what order are these scenes organized?
Wang Yucheng
The horse crossed the chrysanthemum and crossed the mountain road, leaving the horse to walk freely. Listen to the sound of thousands of valleys at night and watch some peaks silent in the sunset.
The leaves of huanghuali are as red as rouge, and the fragrance of buckwheat flowers is as white as snow. To my dismay, the village bridge is like my hometown!
[Note] This poem was written by Wang Yucheng Chunhua when he was demoted to Shangzhou.
(1) Summarize the characteristics of the scenery described in this poem.
Early autumn night, there is desolation in life and sadness in colorful colors.
⑵ Summarize the thoughts and feelings conveyed by the author through this poem.
Leisure reflects frustration and the bitterness of wandering in a foreign land.
(3) In the second couplet, "Every valley has a sound, and several peaks have a sunset" is a famous sentence that has been recited. Try to analyze the reasons why people praise it.
Using rhetorical devices such as personification and antithesis, the heartless scene is endowed with spirituality and vivid image; The unique beauty of Lin Qiu is outlined by describing moving scenes with hearing, still scenes with vision, and the combination of moving and static.
On September 9th, Yu Changan paid a return visit to General Manager Fu who visited Weishan Pavilion in Yangzhou.
My heart went south, but my body came back from north to south in autumn. How many more chrysanthemums have been planted under the fence in my hometown today?
Cen Can, meeting a messenger to the capital.
The distance from the east home is very long, and the tears are wet and the sleeves are still flowing. I'll meet you immediately, without paper and pen. Please tell my family that I'm safe.
Read the following Tang poem and then answer this question.
Bai Juyi is homesick from winter to day in Handan.
Every winter solstice, I am accompanied by the shadow in front of the knee lamp. If you want to sit at home late at night, you should also talk about travelers.
[Note] Winter solstice: one of the 24 solar terms, is an important festival in the Tang Dynasty.
(1) Briefly analyze the sentence "the shadow in front of the knee lamp" and tell what the author was feeling at that time.
② How did the author write Homesickness? What are the characteristics of language?
Dialysis of test sites: ① The topic is to analyze the ideological tendency in the author's poems. Candidates need to mobilize their imagination to form such a picture in their minds: Bai Juyi is shivering alone with his knees on the night of winter solstice, accompanied by only shadows. The author's mood can be imagined.
The first question is actually to examine the expression skills. The author puts pen to paper from the opposite side, imagining his family sitting around in the middle of the night, talking about pedestrians in the distance, to express his thoughts for his family. The second question is to examine the degree of mastery of the language, which implies to examine the examinee's understanding of the author's genre and writing style. Bai Juyi's poems are as plain as words, and it is said that illiterate old women can understand them. This poem also embodies this feature.
Reference answer: ① The word "tuck" vividly describes the author's silent sitting posture. The word "in front of the lamp" naturally leads to "shadow", and the word "companion" connects "shadow" and "body" and sits on the knees, which seems to be inseparable. This fully reflects the loneliness of the author when he is homesick.
② The first question: The author mainly uses an imaginary picture, that is, in the middle of the night from the winter solstice, his family is still sitting in front of the lamp, talking about their story as a long-distance traveler. The author writes from the opposite side, not that he is homesick, but that his family misses himself, which highlights his "homesickness".
The second question: the language of poetry is unpretentious and easy to understand.
1. Read the following Tang poem and then answer this question.
Full moon and fifteen nights, Wang Jian
There are crows in Bai Shu and osmanthus in Coody Leng in the atrium. It's moonlight tonight, and I don't know who will stay in Qiu Si.
The first two sentences of this poem describe the scenery. Please analyze the poet's mood at that time.
Critics believe that this poem exists in the last two sentences. Please make a brief analysis from the ideological content and artistic skills.
(3) When The Whole Tang Poetry entered this poem, "Luo" wrote the word "zai". Is it better to use "drop" or "in"?
Reference answer: ① At that time, the poet was lonely and sleepless, looking at the moon for a long time and thinking hard, and his mood was rather bleak.
(2) The last two sentences don't directly express their deep love for the moon, but are expressed by euphemism questions, which are full of meaning: "Among many full-moon people, I am afraid I am the deepest in Qiu Si!"
(3) The word "Luo" is novel and appropriate, distinguished, giving people a sense of movement, as if falling into the world with the glory of silver moon. The word "in" is dwarfed and unremarkable. Answer "yes" well, and you can score if it makes sense. )