—— Appreciation of ancient poems about pomegranate flower
Wang Chuanxue
Pomegranate flower is a beautiful scenery in summer. Pomegranate has a long history in our country, and it is very popular with our people, because it is beautiful in appearance, sweet and sour in taste, and more importantly, because it symbolizes auspiciousness and symbolizes the kind of prosperous and happy life that people hope. Pomegranate flowers are colorful, and the color like fire is very popular. People in China always like red, and pomegranate flowers full of branches symbolize the days of prosperity, beauty and prosperity. Our people have long regarded pomegranate as an auspicious fruit. Faced with the gorgeous, flaming and lovely pomegranate, the literati are full of poetic sentiments, and they have written poems and eulogized the pomegranate flowers, leaving many poems chanting pomegranate flowers.
It is said that pomegranate was introduced to the Central Plains from the Western Regions. The Natural History says: "When Zhang Qian went to the Western Regions, he returned to Antulin and got pomegranate named An Pomegranate. "Sea pomegranate" was introduced from the East. In the Tang Dynasty, Empress Wu Zetian especially loved pomegranate, so its cultivation immediately entered a period of prosperity and development, and once there was a grand occasion of "pomegranate flowers all over the suburbs" in Chang 'an. When Yang Guifei was in Huaqing Palace, she especially liked pomegranate flowers. She planted many pomegranate trees around the Seven Temples to watch the gorgeous beauty of pomegranate flowers, so she got the reputation of "Guifei Flower Pomegranate".
The poem "Pomegranate Flowers in Chiba" written by Yu Lan, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, says:
A flower blooms in Chiba, but it doesn't take advantage of the spring breeze.
if the teacher moves to the boudoir, he will be the same as the waiter.
Poetry describes the magnificent scene of pomegranate in Chiba when it blooms. The last sentence compares the delicate state of pomegranate flower with the beauty in the boudoir, and writes the delicate state of pomegranate flower. "There is no reason to send you a long way, but you miss the spring and the boudoir is empty" (Wei Lian's Poem on Pomegranate). Wei Lian, a poet in the Southern Dynasty, also compared the pomegranate flower to a boudoir in my thoughts. It can be seen that pomegranate was an extraordinary product at that time. It was a symbol of beautiful women and pure love.
Li Bai, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem "Ode to a Pomegranate from the East Window of a Neighbor", which has the beauty of "flowers and faces meet each other":
Under the East Window of a Shandong woman, the sea pomegranate is rare in the world.
coral reflects green water, which is not as bright as it is.
the fragrance is fragrant with the wind, and good birds return at sunset.
I'd like to be the southeast branch, and lift my clothes low.
there is no * * * to climb, leading the golden gate.
"Under the east window of Lu Nv, the sea willow is rare in the world". Outside the east window of a Shandong girl, there is a rare sea pomegranate in the world. Under the screen window, Lu Nv and Hai Liu appeared at the same time. One is a beautiful and charming girl full of life and emotion, and the other is a plant with blooming flowers and bright colors. This scene of "flowers and faces meet each other" constitutes the most beautiful part of this pomegranate picture axis. "Rare" refers to both sea pomegranate and Lu female. In the poet's mind, they are both rare things in the world.
"Coral reflects green water, which is not as bright as it is". The reason why sea pomegranate is a rare thing in the world is that it has bright flowers like coral that reflect the green water. It has a brilliance that nothing can compare with it, and it has an intoxicating fragrance that is distributed with the wind. Similarly, these two sentences also contain praise for Lu women. Red flowers and green waters, which set off each other, constitute the basic tone of this painting and fully reflect the color beauty of this painting.
"Fragrant fragrance with the wind, good birds return at sunset". The first two sentences praise the color of pomegranate flowers. These two sentences highlight the fragrance of pomegranate flowers. Bonus Qing Xiang further illustrates the rarity of sea pomegranate. "I am willing to be the southeast branch, and I will lift my clothes low." Out of love for sea pomegranate, especially for Lu women. The poet is willing to turn himself into a pomegranate branch in the southeast to sway the Luo clothes of Lu women. Visible, this love is very strong, this infatuation is very rich!
it's a pity that "there is no * * * to climb, leading the golden gate." When the poet's dream of turning into a southeast branch was shattered, he wanted to go over and climb pomegranate branches with Lu's daughter, but the creed of "men and women don't give and receive" prevented him. The fact that the two sides didn't know each other and never talked in a few words extinguished the spoony fire in his heart. They just met as strangers, and it was difficult for the poet to reveal his inner feelings.
In the absence of any reason, the poet can only cran his neck and stare at the golden leaf that is close at hand but seems to be thousands of miles away, and feel melancholy and sad. The last two sentences of the poem are the monologues of the poet's inner heart, which are the natural expression of emotions, expressing the poet's feelings as strong and sincere, and at the same time subtle and delicate.
Liu Hua written by Han Yu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, shows a sense of loneliness:
Liu Hua shines brightly in May, and you can see a child in the branches.
pity that there are no chariots and horses here, and the moss is turned upside down.
In May, pomegranate blooms, and it's as red as fire, dazzling, and it's faintly visible that pomegranate bears among the branches. It's a pity that no one has come to see such a good flower, and there are no traces of flowers here. In the cold reception ignored by people, the big red pomegranate flowers fall helplessly on the moss-covered ground.
The word "Ming" in the first sentence not only points out that the pomegranate flowers in May are very dazzling, but also describes the gorgeous colors of the flowers. At the same time, it also expresses that although the poet's own talent is as bright as the pomegranate flowers in full bloom, it can only be mixed with ordinary people like moss. The whole poem implicitly expresses the poet's loss and chilling.
Kong Shaoan, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, used pomegranate as a metaphor to express his feelings:
It's a pity that the trees in the court moved to Seoul.
just because it comes late, it blooms less than spring.
The Book of the Old Tang Dynasty, Wenyuan, records that Kong Shaoan once hosted a banquet for Tang Gaozu Li Yuan. During the banquet, Li Yuan ordered Kong Shaoan to write a poem entitled "Pomegranate" and the poem was completed. With his rich imagination, the poet attributed the flowering of pomegranate in midsummer to the fact that pomegranate spread to the Central Plains late, so he missed the opportunity to compete with other plants in spring. Kong Yuan was the suggestion of the Sui Dynasty, and returned to the Tang Dynasty a little late. He was only awarded the Civil History Scheeren and the Five-rank Official. Therefore, the poet used pomegranate as a metaphor, and sent out the feeling that "it is only too late to bloom in spring". On the one hand, he expressed his dissatisfaction with Tang Gaozu Li Yuan, on the other hand, he showed the old poet's confidence in his talents, but he just "came too late".
Poet Bai Juyi's "Pomegranate Flowers on the Mountain" praised the quality of pomegranate flowers:
A cluster of thousands of flowers are crushed to dryness, but they are broken into clusters.
The wind is dancing and the waist is full of fragrance, and the makeup is exposed and the tears are fresh.
roses with thorns should be lazy to climb, but it is also difficult to play with mud.
fight for this flower eaves, and let everyone see it.
This poem was written in Jiangzhou. The first two couplets mean that a cluster of pomegranate flowers blooming outside the railing is very prosperous, and thousands of red flowers are clustered like cut red silk, swaying like dancing waist and swaying gently by the wind, with endless fragrance; The night dew wet the beautiful flowers, and the sun dew passed away, like the tears on the beauty's face. The latter two couplets mean that although rosa multiflora is beautiful, people are too lazy to climb, while lotus is beautiful, but it grows in muddy water, so it is difficult for people to enjoy it. They are not as good as pomegranate flowers growing under the eaves in the mountains, and people can pick them and enjoy them. In the poem, the delicate and charming beauty of the pomegranate flower is praised, and the excellent quality of the pomegranate flower is approachable and popular. The whole poem is novel, ingenious in conception, beautiful in wording and excellent in artistic conception.
The Pomegranate written by Li Shangyin, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, praises flowers and remembers people, and is full of affection:
The pomegranate branches are graceful and the pomegranate film is light and bright, and the pomegranate seeds are fresh.
You can admire the peach trees in Yaochi, whose cheeks are red for a thousand years.
Li Shangyin's Pomegranate is a love poem, but who did he write it to? Li Shangyin also mentioned pomegranate in two untitled poems: "it is quiet and quiet where your gold lamp dies, how far can a pomegranate-blossom whisper?. I will tether my horse to a river willow, and wait for the will of the southwest wind. " According to the poetry, it is not difficult to see that this poem was written for his first love, and this love was a failure, which made him unforgettable. The poem "The pomegranate branches are numerous" sings about the delicate flowers of pomegranate, praises the fullness and sweetness of pomegranate fruit, and compares the "red" of pomegranate fruit with the "pink", suggesting that his beloved woman is more beautiful and noble than the peach in the jade pool of the Queen Mother! It can be seen how much the poet loves and cherishes her. But no matter how noble and charming she is, she can't be as red as the peach of the Queen Mother for "a thousand years", which shows how sad and sorry he is for the lost beauty! This poem is written by the poet to all the women who have been brilliant in his life. This pomegranate is not only an elegy of life, but also a lament of love!
The first two lines of this poem praise the purity and beauty of pomegranate, which is greeted with a spring breeze, but followed by a sigh that beauty in the world is perishable. Just like a girl dressed in clothes, even if she is a little happy, she is just smiling. Even if she is gorgeous, she can't compete with the wind knife and rain sword. Beauty is easy to get old, but old dreams are hard to stay. "Peach with red cheeks for a thousand years" expresses the poet's dream and desire.
All good things in the world are short-lived. Only the immortal poems of the poet and the sincere and beautiful feelings hidden in the bottom of my heart can really "make a peach blossom for a thousand years"!
"thick green with a little red". In classical poetry, agate, amber, red jade and red skirt are often used to describe the "red" of pomegranate flowers, but it is difficult to make it perfect. Therefore, the poets also used "fire" as a metaphor for Liuhua. Among many poems that use "fire" as a metaphor for Liuhua, two are extremely vivid, delicate and touching.
Let's look at Shan Shiliu written by Du Mu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty:
Like a volcano, a pomegranate reflects a hill, and it can be glamorous in the midst of the crowd.
On a beautiful jade hairpin, I only suspect that it will burn Cui Yun.
Liuhua is like fire, gorgeous as a sunset, and the girl in the mountain picked it and put it on the jade hairpin, which is beautiful enough. Looking at the flaming flowers, the poet was worried about burning the girl's temples. This illusion, the whole "fire" rendering is imminent! Du Mu's Shan Shiliu captures the most striking red color of pomegranate to describe it. Shan Shiliu, as red as fire, reflects the whole hill red. The beauty picks a flower and inserts it on the jade hairpin, which makes people think that the fire is burning their hair. Among the flourishing flowers, the thin petals are gorgeous, and they are red with the laid-back beauty. Flowers are beautiful, people are more beautiful, and people who appreciate the beautiful scenery have endless aftertaste.
Let's look at Zhang Hongfan's Poem Ode to Pomegranate in Yuan Dynasty again:
Whoever teaches scarlet blood to dye crimson bursa, Lv Yun heaps it with fragrance.
The bumblebee mistook the fire on the branch and rushed to drive the smoke over the short wall.
Look: the green leaves are like clouds, and the flowers are overflowing, which attracts the bees to gather honey. But when they see the scarlet flower cluster, they mistakenly think it is a flame, so they rush away with the wind. Through exaggeration, the whole poem vividly describes the beauty of flowers and the fear of bees, which makes people smile after reading it.
Ruan Langgui by Su Shi, a great poet in the Song Dynasty, also wrote that pomegranate blossoms are like fire:
The green locust is high and the willow swallows the new cicada, and the fragrance is beginning to enter the string. The blue screen window sinks into the water (also written as "water sinking"), and the sound of chess scares you to sleep all day. After a light rain, Xiao He turned over, and Liu bloom wanted it. Jade basin hands to find out the spring, Qiongzhu broken but round.
This word is about the boudoir life in early summer, which is elegant, fresh and full of life interest.
The last film says that early summer has quietly come to a girl's side. "Green Sophora japonica, high willows and swallow new cicadas" are all scenery with early summer characteristics: locust trees with lush foliage, tall willows, and new cicadas singing in the depths of thick green, and a cool and quiet courtyard environment. "Smoky wind entering the string at the beginning" is another climate feature in early summer. A smoky wind is a warm south wind. Here it is said that the song of "South Wind" will start to be sung in the orchestral strings again, in order to symbolize the beginning of the south wind. Because the scenery written above appeals to vision (green locust, high willow), hearing (swallowing new cicada) and touch (smoking wind) respectively, the arrival of early summer has a three-dimensional sense, which is vivid and true. "The blue screen window sinks into the water and the smoke sinks, and the sound of chess scares you to sleep during the day", which is described indoors. Light smoke of agarwood (that is, water sinking) rises from the incense burner under the screen window. Blue gauze and white smoke contrast each other, which not only has the beauty of image, but also has a strange smell, which makes it quiet and elegant. At this time, there was the sound of chess pieces standing on the table, which woke up the heroine who was taking a nap. Set off the tranquility of the environment with the sound of chess. The sound of chess can "shock" her daytime sleep. As readers can imagine, in such a quiet environment, she has probably slept enough, so the sound of Tintin's movement will wake her up. I don't feel tired when I wake up, and I don't feel unhappy in my heart, which shows that the early summer is clear and the weather is pleasant.
In the next film, the girl wakes up from her dream and enjoys the natural scenery in early summer. Take a break and write about the leaves of water. Qiongzhu is broken and last contact is more fresh and lovely. "After a light rain, the lotus turns over, and the pomegranate blossoms are ready to burn", which is another summer scene of the garden pool. Xiao He first grew up, small and delicate, and a drizzle passed, and the breeze turned the lotus leaf over; Pomegranate color is bright red, and it is as red as a flame after being washed by rain. This vitality, this beautiful color, probably intoxicated the girl, so there appeared another vivid scene: "The jade basin made clear the spring with its hands, but the pearls were broken but round." The heroine simply went to the pool to play with water with a beautiful porcelain basin. The water splashed on the lotus leaf, which was as round and bright as pearls. As you can imagine, the girl's mood at this moment is just like the splash of flying beads splashing jade. She is happy and excited and can't help herself.
The whole word uses the technique of writing from the opposite side, and the first film writes about quiet beauty, but starts with hearing, with the silence of sound-like environment; The next film is about moving beauty, but it starts from vision and shows the vitality of nature with silent paintings. The dynamic description of this word is very vivid, not to mention the character activities of "the sound of chess scares the day to sleep" and "the jade basin clears the spring with its hands", even the scenery shows some sense of movement. Xiao-he turned for the light rain, so you can imagine its swaying posture in the wind. Liuhua is a still life, but the word "burning" makes it seem to move again. These dynamic descriptions have undoubtedly played a beneficial role in enlivening the atmosphere and enriching the picture. This word is full of emotion in the scene, and many scenes are filled with emotion, so it is scattered without chaos, giving people a sense of wholeness. The author is good at grasping the subtle psychological feelings and invisibly comparing the subtle changes of the objective environment. Through the description of scenery and environment, he forms a lively and natural garden interest, in which the heroine's simplicity, innocence and love for nature and life are embedded. The image of a young girl in Ci is completely different from that of a woman who is careless, tired, lonely and sad in general boudoir lyrics. It is full of beautiful and fresh vitality and youthful breath, giving people a refreshing feeling. The lively and healthy girl image in the works, together with the lively scenery and environment in early summer, constitutes a harmonious, beautiful and smart mood, which makes people linger.
"A little more green and a little more red, not much touching spring scenery". (Song? Wang Anshi's "Singing Pomegranate Flowers"), this is Wang Anshi's pomegranate flower couplet with only one flower on the tree. The "red spot" in the first part refers to a pomegranate flower, and the "spring scenery" in the second part refers to the scenery. Decorate a red flower on a thick green background, and the picture suddenly becomes lively and gorgeous. The gorgeous beauty and preciousness of pomegranate flowers do not lie in their colorful and enchanting appearance. Even though there are few colors, "a little red among all greens" will naturally receive the effect of "less wins more".
In the poems describing pomegranate flowers, poets use their imagination and various artistic techniques to write vividly.
Let's first read the poem "Mountain Pomegranate Flowers" by Shi Jianwu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty:
Dark rouge broken cuts red flowers, which is a coincidence.
mo Yan has nothing to compare with, and the enchanting beauty is in the spring post.
The poet imagines pomegranate flowers as dark rouge collected by God, which is vivid and appropriate. Then compare pomegranate flower to beauty Xi Shi in Spring Post, which shows the beautiful charm of pomegranate flower!
Look at Song Dynasty poet Wang Yucheng's Poem Ode to Pomegranate Flowers
The Queen Mother was planted in court, and Zhang Qian stole the world.
whose clever woman has a broken needle and thread, and a handful is red.