Su Shi
The east wind knows that I want to travel to the mountains and blows away the sound of rain accumulated on the eaves.
The clear clouds on the ridge are covered with woolen hats, and the copper ceremonials are hung on the treetops in the early morning.
The wild peaches are smiling, the bamboo fence is short, and the willows in the stream shake the sand and the water is clear.
People in Xihuan should be the happiest, boiling sunflowers and burning bamboo shoots for spring plowing.
I have been on this trip for a long time, sitting beside the stream listening to the sound of the stream.
The scattered materials are afraid of seeing the ax in the forest, and the tired horse misses the sound of the scroll.
Tea households are happy when the drizzle is sufficient, and officials are clear deep in the chaotic mountains.
How much do you know about the wrong roads in the world? Try asking the farmers in the mulberry fields.
These two poems were improvised by Su Shi during his tour in the sixth year of Xining (1073).
After Shenzong came to power, he appointed Wang Anshi to carry out reforms. Although Su Shi was not opposed to reform, he believed that Wang Anshi's reform was moving too fast, so he held a negative attitude. He was deeply aware of the fierce fighting within the imperial court and the unpredictable situation, so in the fourth year of Xining of Shenzong (1071), he asked to be transferred to Hangzhou to judge. While inspecting the counties in Hangzhou, he wrote these two unique poems while enjoying the beautiful spring scenery along the way from Fuyang to Xincheng (today's Xindeng Town, Fuyang County).
The first of the two poems mainly describes the scenery, but there is emotion in the scenery; the second poem focuses on lyricism, and there is scenery in the emotion. The two poems are profound and worth chewing.
The first song is a scene on the way. As a talented official, he not only has a strong sense of bookishness, but also has the pleasure of traveling from time to time. The weather is affectionate, the sky clears up after the rain, and then comes a beautiful day with the east wind blowing and bright spring scenery. These four sentences reflect the author's light and beautiful mood at that time. It is precisely because he is in a happy mood that what he sees in his eyes, the sky, the earth, the sun and the moon, all have moods. The peaks near and far are still shrouded in clouds and mist. Looking from a distance, they look like they are wearing a white turban, and the early morning sun in the east is like a copper ceremonial hanging on the treetops. Tongzheng is an ancient copper musical instrument, shaped like a plate, which is used to describe the round and bright first day. Then the poet switched from the sky, earth, clouds and sun to the description of rural scenery, reflecting the changes in the author's travels from the change of scenery. The author is intoxicated in the embrace of nature, and feels quite happy and forgets to leave: Look! Beside the short bamboo fence, the gorgeous wild peaches seem to be smiling at people, which is intoxicating. The weeping willows by the stream are reflected in the clear river water, swaying and moving, which is even more touching. Seeing such beautiful scenery, the poet was filled with envy, and finally said: "People in Xi'an are the happiest, boiling sunflowers and burning bamboo shoots for spring plowing." He imagined the life of farmers in mountain villages as similar to a paradise, and constructed a cheerful and colorful picture of peasant women's wages. Farming map.
The whole poem reveals the poet's relaxed and happy mood, and his pursuit of a simple, plain and natural life is permeated between the lines.
The second poem writes about the emotions of life caused by the wonderful mountains and rivers of nature. A long life is like this long journey on a mountain road. There are smooth roads and detours. Sometimes the sky is clear and the air is clear, and sometimes there are clouds and fog. How should we deal with it? Slow down the reins, let the horse walk slowly, and listen quietly in your ears. A gurgling stream, this is his attitude towards life. Then the author metaphorizes himself with loose materials and tired horses. "Loose materials" are useless materials; Su Shi asked for external transfer when the struggle between the old and new parties was very intense. But he still feels that it is difficult to avoid unexpected political risks, so he has lingering fears. He compared himself to a tired marching horse, eager to hear the call to retreat. The beautiful scenery in front of him, as well as the scene of farmers happily picking tea and busy after the drizzle, made him very envious. At that time, the poet Chao Duanyou was appointed as the magistrate of Xincheng County, and he was honest in government. The poet naturally thought of this governor of paradise. Deep in this chaotic mountain, he should be able to escape the snares of the human world! The poem then transitions to the last two sentences. "The wrong road in the world" also has a metaphorical meaning, which refers to both the mountain road in front of you and the road of life. "Try to ask the husband and wife in the mulberry field" is an allusion from "The Analects of Confucius: Wei Zi": Chang Ju Jie indulged his husband in plowing, Confucius sent Zi Lu to ask for directions, and the two said to each other: "Those who are eloquent are all in the world, but who can say that? Change it? And instead of being a person who avoids others, why not be a person who avoids the world?" It expresses the poet's desire to get rid of the troubles of the world and return to the fields. Throughout Su Shi's life, the ambivalence between serving the world and retiring was ever-present. This poem reflects the poet's weariness with officialdom and sentimentality towards the world.
These two poems describe what they see and feel on the new city roads through scenery and emotions. The metaphors are appropriate, the artistic conception is broad, and the emotions are rich. They fully reflect Su Shi's aesthetic style of pursuing individuality in poetry.
Three or four are early poems. The fourteen-character sentence is wonderful. Five and six are also good, but three and four are quite awkward. The so-called arsenal is loud and powerful, but it is not without its advantages and bluntness. Scholars should carefully study it and understand it tacitly. (Volume 14 of Fang Hui's "Yingkui Lvsui")
The cotton hat and the copper ceremonial are indistinguishable. There is a couplet of wild peach and willow stream, which is cast to say that the god is coming. If ordinary people can get it, it will be famous in the world.
(Volume 2 of Wang Shihan's Commentary on Selected Poems of Suzhou)