First, literary common sense
Tao Yuanming: a poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, also known as Qian, has a distinct personality. He is known as "Mr. Jingjie" and also calls himself "Mr. May 6th". He was called "pastoral poet" by later generations. His works include Returning to the Garden, Peach Blossom Garden, Drinking, Biography of Mr. Wu Liu and so on.
Du Fu: Zi Zimei, a great realistic poet in Tang Dynasty. Claiming to be young and old. He was honored as a "poet saint" by later generations, and his poems were called "the history of poetry". Representative works include Up the Mountain, Song of Autumn Wind Breaking the Cottage, Spring Hope, Imperial Army Recovering the Banks of the Yellow River, Three Officials and Three Farewells.
Li He: Chang Ji, also known as Li Changji, Gui Cai and Shi Gui. , together with Li Bai and Li Shangyin, is called "Sanli" in Tang Dynasty. Li He is a representative of romantic poets in the middle Tang Dynasty, and his masterpiece is Wild Goose Gate.
Du Mu: Mu Zhi, a layman in Fan Chuan, was a famous poet in the late Tang Dynasty. Also known as "Little Du Li" with Li Shangyin. Author of Fan Chuan's collected works.
Li Qingzhao: a poetess in Song Dynasty, whose name was Yi 'an Jushi. Graceful and restrained school is a representative poet, whose representative works include Plum, Slow Voice, Drunk Flowers and so on.
Two. Main idea
Drinking: Through the description of the natural scenery in rural life, the poet's carefree mood is shown, which reflects his pursuit of life beyond the secular world and his noble personality of not colluding with the ruling class.
Spring Hope: By describing the desolate scene of Chang 'an in An Shi Rebellion, it expresses the author's worries and homesickness.
Yanmen Taishouxing: The poet described the tragic situation with colorful words, which constituted a strange artistic conception and praised the heroic spirit of the soldiers who fought bloody battles and died.
Red Cliff: This poem about history, through the comments on Battle of Red Cliffs, expresses the poet's conceit and feelings, reveals the anguish and injustice of unfulfilled ambition and no way to serve the country, and warns the rulers not to pin their hopes on accidental luck.
The Fisherman's Pride: The poet integrated the feelings of real life into the dream, and realized the organic combination of dream and life, history and reality through sleepwalking, which fully showed the uninhibited side of the author's temperament.
Three. the key to the question
Appreciation of "Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely seeing Nanshan"
These two sentences are the poet's inner understanding and closeness to nature. "Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence" is realistic, because Tao Yuanming loves chrysanthemums and places them with noble feelings, and chrysanthemums have almost become the embodiment of Tao Yuanming. "Dongli" symbolizes the character of staying away from the secular and keeping clean and honest. And "Nanshan" is obviously the opposite of the secular dust net and Tao Yuanming's spirit in reality. Tao Yuanming, with noble feelings and carefree feelings, enjoys Nanshan and forgets himself.
Appreciate the famous sentence "Petals flow like tears, lonely birds sing sad songs"
These two sentences empathize with things, because I feel sad and homesick, even if I stand in front of the flowers, I have no intention to watch them, but shed tears at them; Even if you hear sweet birdsong, you don't want to listen, but you will be shocked by birdsong. This is the opposite of "mourning with joy".
Appreciate the famous saying, "Dark clouds crush the city, but light scatters the sun."
"Dark clouds are crushing the city", using metaphors and exaggerations to render the tense atmosphere and critical situation in Enemy at the Gates. "Golden light shines on the sun" describes the indomitable and ready situation of the defenders in the city.
Appreciate the famous sentence "Dongfeng is not convenient for Zhou Lang, and the copper finches lock Er Qiao in spring"
These two sentences are arguments. Du Mu believes that there are some opportunities for the success of heroes in history. The fate of "Er Qiao" vividly shows the fate of Wu Dong here. Du Mu wrote this way, not only to show his outstanding knowledge, but also to reflect his depressed and heroic mind in a tortuous way. The poet starts with denying assumptions, turning reality into nothingness, commenting on history, highlighting the center and satirizing rulers.
Appreciate the famous sentence "The sky meets the clouds, and the Milky Way wants to turn to Qian Fan dance."
Environmental description. The boat is swaying and dancing, and the galaxy is turning, which is full of realism of life and illusion of dreams, laying the foundation for the whole story.
Four. Understand dictation
Drinking (Part V) (Tao Yuanming)
1, Tao Yuanming's drinking shows that the poet is determined to get rid of the interference of the world and live a leisurely and quiet life: building a house is in a humanistic environment without horses and chariots.
2. A poem expressing the poet's nonconformity (the main sentence of this article): What can you do? The heart is far from being self-centered.
3. Tao Yuanming's poem "Drinking" shows self-satisfaction, calmness and leisure, love for nature and broad-mindedness: picking chrysanthemums under the east fence and seeing Nanshan leisurely.
4. Tao Yuanming's Drinking shows that the poem that the author wants to make clear but can't express is: there is a real meaning in it, and I forget what I want to say.
5. Drinking (Part V). In the fifth poem of Tao Yuanming's "Drinking" group (building a house in the realm of human beings), the sentence similar to the artistic conception of "can be understood, but can't be expressed" (expressing the meeting of mind and things and entering the realm of ecstasy) is: there is a real meaning in it, and I have forgotten what I want to say.
6. The poem that shows his carefree between pitching and natural blending (reflecting the poet Tao Yuanming's life ambition and showing his leisurely seclusion life) is: picking chrysanthemums under the east fence and seeing Nanshan leisurely.
7. The poem that shows that the poet got rid of the interference of the world and lived a leisurely and quiet life is: building a house is in a person's environment, without chariots and horses.
8, full of philosophy, writing life experiences is actually just a feeling of people: ask what you can do? The heart is far from being self-centered.
9. The poem describing the beautiful scenery in the mountains in the evening is: the mountains are getting better and better, and the birds are singing.
Hope of Spring (Du Fu)
1. Write what you see in your eyes, express the bleak spring day in Chang 'an, and convey the poet's feelings of worrying about the country, the people and the country: although the country is divided, the mountains and rivers last forever, and the vegetation is spring.
2. Connecting the preceding with the following, it shows that the poet and the author feel the same about things, and sometimes feel sad. Seeing the bright scenery induces inner sadness (or expressing sad feelings in anthropomorphic ways): the petals have fallen like tears there, and the lonely birds sang their sorrows.
Write a famous sentence: after three months of war, a letter from home is worth a ton of gold, which tells the feelings of people in the war since ancient times.
4. The poet depicts his own image and expresses his sorrow for the country and family: I stroke my white hair. It's so thin that it can't hold hairpins anymore.
In Du Fu's Spring Watch, the singing of spring flowers and birds undoubtedly aroused the poet's love for the motherland and homesickness: petals flowed like tears, and lonely birds sang their sadness.
6. Du Fu wrote in the poem "Looking at Spring" that the country has fallen, the mountains and rivers remain the same, and the weeds come in spring, and the spring in Chang' an is bleak everywhere. The poem that expresses the poet's feelings of worrying about the country and the people is: Although the country is divided, the mountains and rivers will last forever, and the vegetation will spring back.
7. In the poem "Spring Hope", Du Fu mourns the pain of losing his country and the chaos of parting, showing his patriotism and homesickness. The sentences that can show his sadness and aging in the poem are: I caress my white hair. It has become so thin that it can no longer hold hairpins.
8. In "Spring Watch", the singing of flowers and birds in spring makes the poet Du Fu worry about his country and homesickness. It is called "petals flow like tears, and lonely birds sing their grief." .
Yanmen Taishouhang (Li He)
1, the poem says that the dark clouds of war are shrouded, making people breathless, and the soldiers are ready to go, and their morale is still very strong: the dark clouds are crushing the city and the armor is scattered at the sun.
2. The poem describing the heavy security during the day is extremely magnificent: dark clouds crush the city and light shines on the sun.
3. In the poem, metaphor and exaggeration are used to render the tense atmosphere and critical situation of Enemy at the Gates, where the soldiers are indomitable and ready for battle: dark clouds are pressing the city to destroy, and the armor is overwhelming.
4. The poem of pledging allegiance to the country is: Report to King Huang Jintai and support Yulong to die for you.
5. "The character is full of autumn colors, stuffed with rouge and purple at night." Wrote a magnificent picture of the frontier fortress in the fierce battle.
6. "Half a roll of red flag is near drowning, and the frost is heavy and cold." Obviously, it was a sneak attack at night and a hard fight. The word "Yishui" is reminiscent of the Song of Yishui written by Jing Ke, an assassin in the Warring States Period: "The wind blows and the water cools, and the strong men are gone forever."
7. "Jintai reported to the king and took Yulong to death." According to legend, Huang Jintai was built by Yan Zhaowang during the Warring States Period. He longed for talented people, put his daughter on the stage and invited the world's wizards. The poet borrowed this allusion, which is not only consistent with the location of the war, but also a tribute to the heroic spirit of the son of heaven and the soldiers guarding the border who fought bloody battles and died.
Chibi (Dumu)
1. The poem that evokes emotions through antiquities is: If the halberd is broken, the sand iron will not be sold, and the former dynasty will be recognized after washing.
2. The author implied his unique views in the poem by way of discussion, expressed his ill-equipped and ill-timed mood, and reflected the great influence of Battle of Red Cliffs on Er Qiao's fate: the east wind does not follow, and the bronze finches lock Er Qiao in spring.
3. In "Red Cliff", the author Du Mu commented on the historical ending of Battle of Red Cliffs: the east wind was inconvenient for Zhou Lang, and the Tongquetai locked Er Qiao.
4. In Red Cliff, Du Mu describes the fall of Wu Dong not from the broken mountains and rivers, but from the fate of Er Qiao. The poem representing Wu Dong's fate is: The east wind does not follow Zhou Lang, and the bronze sparrow terrace locks Er Qiao.
5. In Red Cliff, Du Mu evokes his feelings with things. Comments on Battle of Red Cliffs's victory and defeat are as follows: Dongfeng lost to Zhou Lang, while Tongquetai locked Er Qiao in spring.
6. In Du Mu's poem "Red Cliff", there is a poem that contains the philosophy of opportunity to create people (the author exaggerates the east wind? Its function is to make fun of the past and warn rulers not to pin their hopes on luck. ) Yes, the east wind is not convenient for Zhou Lang, and the bronze sparrow terrace locks Er Qiao in spring.
7. In "Red Cliff", Du Fu's originality and whimsy are expressed, and two poems that arouse readers' association and imagination are: the east wind is inconvenient, and the bronze finches lock Er Qiao in spring.
The pride of the fisherman (the sky meets the clouds) (Li Qingzhao)
1. The poem shows a vast and magnificent picture of the sea and the sky, forming an endless realm, which lays the foundation for the whole story: the sky meets clouds, and the Milky Way wants to dance in Qian Fan.
2. The poet confided his loneliness and helplessness in his later years in front of the Emperor of Heaven, as well as the unhappy and struggling sentences: I have a long way to go, and I learn poetry with amazing sentences.
After the poet sailed on the sea, a wisp of dream soul seemed to ascend to heaven and see the kind God. In the fantasy world, the poet created a gentle and considerate God. "Ask me where to go", although it is only an extremely simple question, is full of affection and contains beautiful ideals.
4. In "The Pride of Fisherman", Li Qingzhao used "I have a long way to report, and the sky is dark" to describe that the ideal is difficult to realize, and wrote the poet's painful feeling of loneliness and helplessness in his later years.
5. The "90,000 Li Fengpeng" in Li Qingzhao's The Fisherman's Pride is a positive move. As soon as the wind stopped, the ship blew away three mountains. "It expresses the poet's ideal and desire to ride the wind like Dapeng and seek happiness optimistically, which is also the theme sentence of this poem.
6. Qu Yuan's "Li Sao" is used in ci, and the sentences with magnificent artistic conception, rich imagination and strong romanticism in ci are Wan's positive actions. The wind stopped and the ship blew away three mountains.
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