Reciting skills of Chinese in primary schools
1 natural recitation natural recitation refers to the method of mastering recitation through repeated recitation in a natural state without any memory method, which is the basis of all recitation methods.
2 Copying Law As the saying goes, "Copying once is better than reading it ten times." When reading poetry or prose, read one sentence first and copy one; Read more words and copy more; Finally, read a paragraph and copy a paragraph until you finish reading a paragraph and then copy another paragraph, that is, read first and then copy, and then read again after copying.
3 Grasping the clue recitation method Grasping the clue recitation method is a common method to understand recitation. On the basis of natural recitation, several representative keywords are selected as clues and recitation tips, which can make recitation more effective.
For example:
(1) Catch the main characters.
Remember several words in the article in turn (or in categories), so as to remember people's feelings and words, which is helpful for understanding and reciting.
(2) Grasp the temporal and spatial words.
Remember to remember the words that indicate the time sequence and orientation in the content.
4 Image Reproduction Recitation Method Image Reproduction Recitation method refers to the transformation of language materials into vivid image materials, forming a series of reproducible images in the mind, and presenting the text materials in the mind one by one like "a movie" when reciting.
5 Associative Recitation Method Associative Recitation method refers to a memory method that strengthens memory by forming temporary connections in the mind through association, so as to achieve the purpose of memory.
On the basis of a certain amount of reading, the string word recitation method is to string together the first words or keywords of several sentences of language materials and add certain meanings to make them combine into a complete sentence. If you can't make a sentence, sometimes you will use homophonic methods. This method of recitation is called string recitation.
7 situational method creates specific situations, which are easy to understand and remember after careful reading. Especially beautiful poems and essays, this method is more effective.
For example, see Tianmen Mountain, Jiangnan Spring, Chilean songs and Qiantang Lake Spring. We can draw many pictures, remember them according to them, combine pictures and texts, and recite them quickly and interestingly.
Plot method is much easier to grasp the specific plot of the story, such as the cause, process, development, climax and result.
9 Extension method Reciting a short article or a poem can be extended sentence by sentence from the beginning, that is, reciting the first sentence, reciting the second sentence with the first sentence, reciting the third sentence with the first and second sentences, and so on, until the whole article.
10 contrast method find out the parts of the text that are contrasted, and remember the nature, characteristics and functions of this contrast, so that it will be easy to recite.
For example, recite the seventh paragraph of Praise of Poplar, and grasp the sentence characteristics of four coordinate rhetorical questions: first suppress and then raise, first suppress and then raise, first suppress and then raise. Suppression: no ... no ... maybe ... (negative sentence), if ... and then ... (hypothesis); Yang: But ... more ... it's ... (turning first, then making progress, then affirming).
When you ... no ... no ... no ... no ... (the first sentence is an affirmative rhetorical question, the last three sentences are negative rhetorical questions, and four rhetorical questions form a set of parallelism sentences). Reciting the third paragraph of "Yu Gong Yi Shan", we should compare the tone of both sides of the dialogue: every sentence of Zhisou is a mockery, and Yu Gong refutes it first. Only in this way can we grasp the characteristics from comparison, memorize quickly, remember firmly and have an effect.
1 1 Outline Method List a simple outline, and then practice reciting according to the outline.
The division method of 12 is to recite the sentence first and recite the key words in the sentence, so that the sentence is recited step by step and then combined, from word to sentence, clause to paragraph, and then from paragraph to paragraph. Or grasp the main part of the content to be memorized first, then drive the secondary part, and then close the back.
For example, recite the text "Spring": you can recite the spring grass map first; Recite the spring flower map again; Then memorize the spring breeze map; Recite the spring rain map again; Finally, recite pictures of the Spring Festival. Then connect these pictures in one go. Reciting the second, third and fourth paragraphs of "Born in Worry and Died in Happiness" can also grasp its content level: first, count the difficulties; Second, the reasons why difficulties can make people successful; Tie a knot at last. Then connect the three levels into a hymn.
13 ear listening method This method is that one or several people read aloud and everyone is all ears. Or you can record what you want to recite first, then play it out and listen carefully. It will be better to practice reciting in this way than simply reading it repeatedly.
14 melody method composes the content to be recited into melody, which is easy to read and remember.
15 point-line-surface method grasps the context of the article, extracts keywords and sentences at all levels as memory points, such as verbs representing characters, arranges them in order, and then connects points into lines and faces into faces to memorize the text quickly, that is, connects the main contents of the full text according to the clue order of article writing.
For example, the clue in the third paragraph of Zuiwengting Ji is: Chu people travel-Taishou banquet-all the guests are happy-Taishou drunk. The clue of Wolf is: encounter a wolf-fear a wolf-resist a wolf-kill a wolf-comment. With this clue, you can recite correctly and quickly.
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Seven Most Effective Memorizing Methods of Chinese in Primary Schools
1
Mechanical memory method
This memory method is suitable for memorizing irrelevant, scattered and isolated knowledge points. For Chinese, new words, neologisms, common sense of writers' works, personal style, grammar, rhetorical concepts, etc. When it is inconvenient to use other memory methods, mechanical memory methods are often used.
2
Understand membership
In Chinese learning, both the mastery of words and various concepts are inseparable from understanding, and memory should be carried out on the basis of grasping the characteristics and understanding the essence. Such as "Xing", "Qian", "Shallow" and "Stack", we can know that their pronunciations are similar to "Ge Jian", and we can know that their semantic contents are related to silk, gold, water, wood and other things. For another example, if we understand the relationship between environmental description and characterization in the novel, we can consider the relationship between the scenery and the writer from the perspective of "explaining the background, rendering the atmosphere, setting off the characters and promoting the plot" according to the specific content of a paragraph.
three
Associative memory method
There are many ways of association, which can be linked horizontally. For example, a writer can be related to his dynasty, works, source, evaluation of this writer and so on. A dynasty can be associated with its contemporary writers, works, background of the times, style of works, etc. It can also be vertically related, for example, a work can be related to the style, content, theme, writing technique and famous sayings and aphorisms of the work; The function of prepositions is related to the characteristics of object phrases, and then to the sentence component division methods such as "object phrases are generally used as adverbials or complements in sentences". Associative memory can connect a lot of knowledge and form a knowledge network, which is convenient for us to have a trail when remembering knowledge, so as to remember relevant knowledge from here to there.
four
Comparative memory method
Comparative memory method is widely used. For example, metaphor can be compared to personification and exaggeration, parallelism can be compared to duality and repetition, and rhetorical questions can be compared to rhetorical questions. In grammar learning, we can compare the attributive before the object and the complement after the predicate; In the study of classical Chinese, we can compare the meaning and function of the same word in different contexts. For example, it is much easier to remember the functions of narrative and argumentative essays in different styles by comparing lists.
five
Formula memory method
Formula memory has a wide range of applications. Here are some examples to illustrate it.
(1) Use formulas to remember similar and easily misspelled characters.
For example, use the formula of "Xu, Shu, Wu, Wu, Wu, Wu, Wu, Wu, Wu, Wu and Rong" to remember the four similar words "Xu, Shu, Wu, Wu and Rong". Remember the three radical words "Ji, Yi," with "Ji Wang goes to the Summer Palace and the crowd is bustling"; Remember the special way of writing "Tiger is cruel, Tiger Claw is outward" in the second half of the word "abuse"?
(2) Using formulas to memorize grammar knowledge
For example, we can use the formula of "noun-verb-form, quantity-generation, auxiliary word-intermediary-auxiliary word-exclamation-onomatopoeia" to remember the six function words after the content words; We can remember the difference between adverbs and prepositions through the formula "Adverbs come before verbs and prepositions come before nouns". We can remember the difference between exclamatory sentences and modal particles by using the formula "exclamatory sentences are at the beginning of sentences, and language helps the end of sentences". The attribute must be in front of the subject and object, and the adverbial before it is called the complement behind it. The word "de" comes before the word "di" and is followed by the complement "remember the division method of single sentence components.
(3) Using formulas to memorize classical Chinese knowledge
For example, we can remember the translation methods of "Shi Yi" or "Yi Shi". Yi Shi means "therefore" and "why" means "why" and "why". We can use the formula of "disjointed subject and predicate, broken words" to remember the reasonable pause in classical Chinese reading; We can use the formulas of "literal translation, free translation, supplementary ellipsis and word order" to memorize the general translation methods of classical Chinese.
(4) Using formulas to memorize some effective reading analysis methods.
For example, we can use the formula of "the original meaning extends the contextual meaning and analyzes with the center" to remember the analysis method of keywords in sentences; Use the formula of "the combination of sentence characteristics and functions, center and context" to remember the analysis method of the meaning and function of different sentences or different rhetorical sentences. Memorize the analysis of paragraph structure and the generalization of paragraph meaning and hierarchical meaning with the formula of "total score union, spatio-temporal logic, central sentence and self-generalization"
6. Picture memory method
When reciting ancient poems, we can first carefully ponder the artistic conception of the poems and turn them into vivid pictures, so that the contents of the works can be deeply stored in our minds. For example, when reading Li Bai's "Looking at Lushan Waterfall", we can imagine the following picture according to the poem: the mountain is shrouded in clouds, the incense burner peak of Lushan Mountain seems to be braving purple clouds in the sun, and the waterfall in the distance flows down from the top, splashing like a galaxy falling from the sky. Remember this spectacular picture, and then experience it carefully, and you will remember this poem deeply.
7. Legato memory method
This is a method to classify and connect memories according to the internal relations and some characteristics of the contents to be memorized. Using "joint memory method" to memorize the knowledge of literary history in writers' works can often get good results. Let's look at this "cross talk": One day, Mo Bosang found a necklace, Balzac thought it was "slave storage", Dude said it was lost while highlighting "Berlin periphery", Nikolai Gogol said it was "throwing Higgins" and Chekhov thought it was "the man in the condom". Finally, everyone went to Gorky for a ruling. Gorky decided that the owners you mentioned are all men, and men don't use this thing, so the real owner is the mother. This arrangement links the titles of most foreign novels in high school textbooks with the authors. When reviewing, it is like enjoying a group of light and smooth world famous music ensembles, and unconsciously remembering them in a relaxed and happy way.