Vehicles roared, soldiers sang, and soldiers and arrows were tied to their waists. My parents, my parents, my wife and children all ran to see them. When they marched, the dust covered the sky and they couldn't see xian yangqiao. They ran after you, crying, pulling your sleeve and crying to the sky.
And every time a bystander asks you a question, pedestrians click on the frequency. Some people go to the north of the Yellow River at the age of fifteen, even if they go to the western border to open up wasteland at the age of forty. Long in the middle, the hair is tied up with a headscarf, and when I come back, I am bald and guarding the border. Countless border guards shed blood and sacrificed to form seawater, and the concept of border defense in Huang Wu has not stopped. Haven't you heard that there are hundreds of villages covered with vegetation in 200 states east of Huashan Mountain? Even if a strong woman plows the field with a hoe, nothing will grow on the crops in the field. Moreover, the soldiers of the Qin Dynasty can fight hard, and there is no difference between chickens and dogs when they are rushed to fight. No matter what demands are made on them, does the soldier dare to expand his hatred? Just like this winter, we didn't stop the soldiers west of Hangukou from enlisting. The county magistrate urgently urges people to pay taxes. Where does the tax come from? If you really know that boys are a bad thing, you might as well have a girl. Girls can also marry their nearest neighbors, and boys will die in battle.
Didn't you see Qinghai Head, where all the old bones were abandoned? The new ghost complained that the old ghost cried the loudest in the stormy dark sky. "
Translated text
Vehicles rumbled, horses rustled, and soldiers went out with bows and arrows hanging from their waists. Parents, wife and children came to see me off, but xian yangqiao was not seen in the dust. Stop on the road, hold the soldier's clothes and cry, crying straight into the sky.
Passers-by asked the soldiers how to get out, but the soldiers only said that there were frequent conscription on the roster. Some people went to the north of the Yellow River at the age of fifteen, while others went to the western frontier to farm at the age of forty. When I went, I covered some able-bodied men with headscarves. When I came back, I was bald and had to guard the border. Countless frontier soldiers shed blood and sacrificed to form seawater, and Huang Wu's idea of opening up the frontier has never stopped. Haven't you heard of the vegetation in Baicun Village, 200 states east of Huashan Mountain in Hanjia? Even if there is a strong woman with a hoe and plow in her hand, the crops in the field will not grow into a line. Besides, the soldiers of Qin can fight hard and be driven to war, just like chickens and dogs. Despite the doubts of elders, how dare people who serve in the army express their disgust? Just like this winter, we have never stopped recruiting troops west of Hanguguan. The county magistrate urgently urged the people to pay the rent tax. Where does the rent tax come from? If you really know that having a boy is a bad thing, you might as well have a girl. Give birth to a girl who can marry her neighbor, and give birth to a boy who died on the battlefield and was buried in the grass.
Don't you see, on the edge of Qinghai, the bones of soldiers who have died since ancient times have not been buried. The new ghost resents the old ghost and cries in annoyance, and the ghost chirps when it is rainy and wet.
Notes on the title or background of a book.
Chedian is a famous poem by Du Fu. Full of compassion, the poet implicitly and profoundly exposed the sufferings brought to the people by militaristic strategies and years of war, and had strong sympathy for the sufferings, full of non-war colors.
Its writing time can be divided into seven years (748), eight years, nine years, ten years and eleven years. As a matter of fact, wars in the Tang Dynasty were very frequent, and it was not uncommon to decide where to go. Therefore, this poem has profound typical significance and is not necessarily limited to a specific historical fact. In the Qing Dynasty, Pu Yin Long's Reading Du Fu's New Interpretation was compiled into Tianbao for five to thirteen years, during which Du Fu was in Chang 'an.
Sentence solution
Vehicles roared, soldiers sang, and soldiers and arrows were tied to their waists.
Chariots rumble, horses keep neighing; Soldiers in the war hung bows and arrows around their waists. At the beginning of the poem, it shows the situation of the war team going out. The scene is real, the language is fluent and the rhyme is powerful. "Crash", the grinding sound of the garage. "Sasha Vujacic", the horse neighing. "Pedestrians" refer to soldiers. Compared with the following "active servicemen" (conscripts who have been in the army for many years), this refers to the recruits who passed through xian yangqiao.
My parents, my parents, my wife and children all ran to see them. When they marched, the dust covered the sky and they couldn't see xian yangqiao. On the way, holding soldiers' clothes, eating and crying, the sky rushed into the sky.
These four sentences describe the tragic scene of farewell when the troops marched. From their strong feelings of hearing and vision, they condensed the tragedy of many family separations at that time, which was shocking. Parents, wife and children ran to see their loved ones off, and the dust covered xian yangqiao. Some of them grabbed the clothes of their loved ones, and some stamped their feet because of emotional excitement, blocking the avenue in the suburbs of Beijing and crying loudly. Crying has been rushed to the sky.
Such marching scenes have existed in ancient and modern times, but they are so hasty, chaotic and tragic that wars continue, society is chaotic and turbulent, and the people are miserable. Parents send their children, wives send their husbands and children send their fathers, which shows that the main labor force of a family has been robbed, leaving only the old, weak, women and children. The meanings of "walking" and "running" not only indicate that we can't bear to leave, but also point out the urgency of marching. This walk is running, who knows whether it is dead or alive? Therefore, the family is chasing the call sign, and how can such a life-and-death parting not make people sad! "Ye Niang" is the same as "Ye Niang" and refers to parents. "xian yangqiao", also known as Xiwei Bridge, is located on the Weihe River in the northwest of Xi 'an, which is the main road from Chang 'an to the western regions in Tang Dynasty.
When a passer-by asks a passer-by, you can only tell him that you are leaving.
A passer-by asked the recruiter about the cause of this scene. The recruiter quickly replied, "The imperial court recruited soldiers too frequently." Such a parting scene, a discerning person will know at a glance what it is for. The poet deliberately asked the client, that is, the soldier who was drafted into the army, to appear. But the foot soldiers were in a hurry, and they answered in one word, saying little, and probably only complaining. "Side", same side. "Point and line", recruiting officers according to butyl.
Some people go to the north of the Yellow River at the age of fifteen, even if they go to the western border to open up wasteland at the age of forty.
Some people were transferred from the north to the right of the river from the age of fifteen, and were not sent to the wasteland by the Western Expedition until they were forty years old. Next, the poet borrowed the dialogue form commonly used in the Han Yuefu, and concentrated the sufferings of the people in the conquest since the opening of Huang Wu on a veteran, and set it as "a passer-by" and his reply, summarizing the history and reality that from Guanzhong to Shandong, from the frontier court to the mainland, from foot soldiers to farmers, the broad masses of people were deeply influenced by the military corvee.
Long in the middle, the hair is tied up with a headscarf, and when I come back, I am bald and guarding the border.
When I went, I was young and immature, and I had to be wrapped in a headscarf by the village chief. When I came back, I was already full of white hair, but I still had to apply for guarding the border. It can be seen that the war at that time brought endless disasters to the people. Young and middle-aged people have been recruited, and underage children and the elderly still have to guard the border. In "Li Zheng", the Tang system, one hundred households and one Li, one person in charge of household registration, taxation and other affairs. "wrap your head", wrap your head with silk or cloth.
Countless border guards shed blood and sacrificed to form seawater, and the concept of border defense in Huang Wu has not stopped.
The blood of the frontier soldiers merged into the sea, but the emperor ignored their lives and the intention of expanding the territory was endless. The "border court" here refers to the western border area. "Huang Wu", Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, here refers to Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. The poet used Chinese as a metaphor for the Tang Dynasty and boldly pointed the finger at the supreme ruler.
Haven't you heard that there are hundreds of villages covered with vegetation in 200 states east of Huashan Mountain?
Haven't you heard that more than 200 counties east of Huashan Mountain and thousands of villages in Qian Qian have become sparsely populated, the countryside is deserted and thorns are everywhere? These two sentences spread from the immediate scene to the whole country, expanding the capacity of poetry and deepening the expression depth of poetry. "Han family" refers to the Tang Dynasty. "Shandong" refers to the place east of Huashan Mountain. "200 States", there are seven roads and 217 States east of Tongguan in Tang Dynasty. Seen from below, this poem actually refers to all areas except Guanzhong. Qi Jing, thorns, Lycium barbarum, wild shrubs.
Even if a strong woman plows the field with a hoe, nothing will grow on the crops in the field.
Men have been recruited to fight, even if there are strong women at home to plow the fields, the crops will grow in a mess, how can the harvest make a living? Can't women grow crops? Don't! It is because of the war that the economy is depressed, the people's burden is increased and the people are miserable. "Nothing" refers to the disorderly growth of crops, incomplete ranks and indistinguishable things.
Moreover, the soldiers of the Qin Dynasty can fight hard, and there is no difference between chickens and dogs when they are rushed to fight.
Besides, the soldiers in Guanzhong are the most hardy, more like chickens and dogs being driven away. "Chi" refers to the soldiers currently being recruited in Shaanxi. Because the soldiers in this place have always been anti-war, they have been called up endlessly. They can't help themselves. They have never been regarded as "people", and their fate is different from that of chickens and dogs! This is a painful sentence: "It is better to be a peaceful dog than to leave people in chaos."
No matter what demands are made on them, do they dare to complain? .
Alas, although high-ranking people in the army also ask about the lives of non-commissioned officers, how dare those recruiters complain to them about their grievances? In ancient Chinese, "elder" is generally not used as his own name, but as his address. Besides "elder" and "respected person" in the usual sense, "elder" has another explanation: "powerful person" is a title for an officer. There may be a hidden question here, which is probably "such a tragedy, no one asked?" But even if you ask questions, don't you dare to be angry and speak? This shows the extent of the pain.
Just like this winter, we didn't stop the soldiers west of Hangukou from enlisting. Faced with tax challenges, how do they pay? .
Let's say this year, it's winter, and the imperial court will still not release American soldiers in Kansai. The county magistrate forced him to pay the rent, but where did the tax come from? When we say "Shandong" in front and "Kansai" here, we can see that soldiers are being used everywhere. "How can they pay?" The corresponding words are "healthy woman" and "hoe plow". Before the end of the military revolution, the peasants went to war and the land was deserted. Where does the rent come from?
If you really know that boys are a bad thing, you might as well have a girl. Who can get married and live in a neighbor's house, while we bury our children underground?
Now I really think it's better to have a boy than a girl. If you have a daughter, you can marry your neighbor. If a boy is born, he will die and bury weeds. In China, a country with a tradition of "son preference", this is not a temporary anger, but a social reality. If you have a daughter, even if you get married, you can still marry your neighbor and have a care. If you have a son, you can only be recruited to fight. Even if you are alive, you will make your family worry and fear, let alone run away. Here, there seems to be only one "good" and "bad" standard for giving birth, and that is whether you can survive. This strange mentality further points out the mental pain caused by the war.
Didn't you see Qinghai Head, where all the old bones were abandoned? The new ghost wails there, and the old one is loudest in the stormy dark sky.
Don't you see, since ancient times, Qinghai has been full of bones. The old ghost is crying and the new ghost is complaining. It's rainy and wet every day. It's really sad! People cry at the beginning and ghosts cry at the end. The tragic scene, the cold and gloomy scene, makes people shudder, which is the result of "not opening the border" The poet links the instant parting of life and death with the fact that countless conquerors have gone forever for thousands of years, which makes this poem imply the historical continuity of the militaristic tactics of the rulers from a higher angle. "Qinghai head", that is, Qinghai side. Tang Gaozong, the original land of Tuyuhun, was occupied by Tubo. In the following decades, wars with Tubo mostly happened in this area, and many people died in Tang Jun, which was "annoyed and wronged", depressed and wronged. "Haw" is a ghost's cry in the imagination of the ancients.
Comments and explanations
This is a seven-character song that satirizes and hurts the world. It contains feelings in the narrative. In the narrative, Zhang Yi changes orderly, echoes back and forth, and is rigorous and meticulous. The words in the poem are mixed, rhyming smoothly and interchangeable, and the "top truth" technique of folk songs is used in many places. It reads like a pearl, with cadence, deep affection and ups and downs. Very organized and tortuous. In addition, dialogue and some spoken language are used to give readers a real sense of presence, which is really a model of "New Yuefu" poetry. The main idea, according to the single analysis, is: "This was written by Emperor Chengzu of Ming Dynasty, and it is very regrettable to ask Hanwu to satirize it. It is said that people cry first, ghosts cry later, and that counties and counties are dead and people are miserable. This Anshi Rebellion was also caused by it. Well, those who are monarchs and have the heart of militarism should also sympathize with them and know how to quit. " (Poetry of Tang and Song Dynasties, Volume 9)
Chedian, as Du Fu's earliest new poetry Yuefu, marks an important milestone in Du Fu's creation and is also the key to the development of Tang poetry. The poem "Military Vehicle Shop" is an innovation of the old habit of writing current events with old sayings because of the proposition of events. Before Du Fu, Yuefu poems were often "irrelevant", and there was a gap between poems and current events, which reflected reality asynchronously. Chedian restores the close relationship between this poetic form and reality, and is no longer bound by ancient topics, allowing readers to naturally relate the contents described in the poem to the historical events that occurred at that time.