bluish waves
First of all, what is a quatrain?
Quatrains and metrical poems are basically poetic styles gradually produced and stereotyped in the Tang Dynasty. At present, there is no research and demonstration on rhyme or quatrains.
Jueju, also known as jueju, jueju. Its metrical relationship can be regarded as a combination of two lines, including the first two lines, the last two lines, the middle two lines and the first and second lines. In order to rhyme, most of them intercept the first and second couplets of metrical poems.
There are three basic elements in quatrains: level tone, antithesis and rhyme; At the same time, it also includes the rules and sentence patterns of "starting, inheriting, turning and combining", which are the basic laws that poets in ancient and modern times abide by. Each quatrain has only four sentences, which are also divided into five words and seven words. Five-character quatrains are referred to as "five quatrains" and seven-character quatrains are referred to as "seven quatrains".
Second, the plane format
There are four forms of metrical quatrains, which are divided into five words, seven words, flat and oblique. Examples are as follows:
1, the first sentence doesn't rhyme, it's the scene of Ge Zheng Bibo, Yong Shu Bibo and Xiaoxi.
Flat and flat, deep fertile fields, lush foliage, flat and flat, the wind blowing from the shore,
Even, even, even. Thousands of green leaves are like jade carvings. It is flat. Jumping branches.
It is flat and flat, and it is the same root. It is flat and flat, and it is in the river.
Flat and light, flat and light. Why is the wind rustling? Flat and light. Swing on the boat.
2. The rhyme of the first sentence is bigger Bao Dezhen, thinking about Bao Dezhen at night and whispering with the New Year.
Flat and faint, the heavenly heart is random, flat and faint, and the rainbow is far away.
Even, even, even. It often makes Iraqis think hard. It is flat. Water blue Yi Shi circle
Flat and flat, not necessarily the first time the wind and waves met me. It is flat and flat, and the moon brings stars.
Flat and light, flat and light. Songhua River washes rouge. Flat and light. Laughter reached the pillow.
3. From the first sentence, the rhyme is Ge Zheng Bibo storm Li Pin crossing the Shuangjiang River.
Flat and flat, a gust of wind is like a beast, flat and flat, and the sound is broken outside the ridge.
Flat and light, flat and light. Flying sand and stones, believing in heaven. Flat and light. After winter comes spring.
Flat, flat, flat, flat, flat, flat, now, close to my village, meet people,
Even, even, even. Violence is everything in the world. It is flat. I dare not ask a question.
4. From the first sentence, the rhymes are Bao Dezhen, Li Yong, Bai Bibo and Yongri.
It's flat, flat, flat. You can know it's hard to get around. It's flat. The universe is dome now.
Flat and light, flat and light. There are thousands of articles on fighting wine, which are wide and wide. Flat and light. The golden wheel hangs in space.
Flat, flat, the sun and the moon are singing in the chest, flat, the world is shining,
Even, even, even. Chu dance is colder than Wu Ge. It is flat. Everything is in full bloom.
— 1 —
Third, the flat tone
Ping means emphasizing tone. The flat tone is the word "flat tone" and "flat tone", and the linking tone is the word "rising tone", "falling tone" and "entering tone". When writing new vocal poems in Putonghua, you can ignore entering tone. )
Poetry is a kind of singing literature, which expresses feelings and transmits information through singing and chanting. Poetry should be suitable for reciting and reciting. Every sentence has the ups and downs of tone, the waves of rhythm, the aesthetic feeling of music, and the artistic conception of poetry can enhance the expressive force and appeal of poetry. In the "even tone format" of the five-character quatrains and seven-character quatrains in the previous section, every sentence has ups and downs, resulting in cadence. But it is not fixed, and it can be mastered flexibly in every sentence, that is, the first, third and fifth words of seven words can be even, and the second, fourth and sixth words must be unchanged according to the meter; The first and third words of five words can be plain and clear, and the second and fourth words cannot be changed. The so-called "seven words, 135 words, 246 words are distinct; No matter what five words are, two or four words are very clear.
It must be reminded that although there are seven characters, 135, and five characters, 13, regardless of tone, there must be no isolation, that is, every sentence must have two flat characters in the middle except the first and seventh characters, otherwise it will be an isolation. Loneliness is not allowed, because poetry lacks rhythm, that is, it lacks musical beauty.
Loneliness and dullness can be saved. If the third word is a phonetic word instead of a phonetic word, the fifth word can be a phonetic word instead of a phonetic word, which may be difficult to save. For example: "Why are you afraid of the storm howling?" The plan should be: flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat
Three-level adjustment of three feet. That is, the last three words of each sentence cannot be "ping" or "ping", which is the taboo of the poet. In the process of leveling and rescue, we should pay special attention to it and not neglect it.
Four, quatrains antithesis
Generally speaking, quatrains can be used or not, and they are completely free and not demanding. If it is regarded as intercepting two couplets in the middle of a metrical poem, the whole poem can be antithetical, such as:
Zeng Jinmei gave it to a friend.
(After reading Bo's poem)
The clear water is sparkling, elegant and moving, sparkling and playing a clear sound.
Poetry is as beautiful as wine, and its meaning is sweet and intoxicating.
If it is regarded as intercepting the beginning and end antitheses of metrical poems, the whole poem can be without antithesis, for example:
Bibo Taohua
The spring breeze awakens the old forest, and the core is full of bright red branches.
Charm is like the beauty of a fairy, attracting bees and butterflies to kiss and making them look charming.
If it is regarded as intercepting the first two couplets of metrical poems, the first couplet is not correct and then antithetical sentences, for example:
Sima guang can be in the middle and early summer
In April of early summer, the weather was sunny and warm, and it cleared up after a rain. After the rain, the mountains were greener and more pleasant, and the mountains in the south became clearer.
There are no catkins because of the wind, only sunflowers are inclined to the sun.
On the other hand, if it is regarded as the last two couplets of intercepted metrical poems, the first couplet is a antithesis, and the second couplet is not a antithesis, for example:
Zhao Shixiu has an appointment.
Mei Huang Shi, every family was flooded by rain, and the pond was covered with green grass and frogs.
It's past midnight, and the invited guests haven't come yet. I tapped the chess pieces bored and shook the wick of an oil lamp.
— 2 —
Five, about rhyme
The so-called rhyme is to put the rhyming words, that is, the same vowel, in a fixed position in the poem to form a harmonious musical beauty. Used at the end of even sentences in quatrains, that is, the words at the end of sentences. So rhyming words are also called rhyming feet. For example, the poems listed in the "flat format" are:> is a curse, and the vowel is ao; & lt& lt brook is scenery >>,< storm >> are the rhyme of vows, and the vowel is ou; & lt& lt Ye Si >> is the rhyme of bet, and the vowel is I; & lt& lt； It's a pledge rhyme, and the vowels are un and en; & lt& lt China whispers in New Year >> and<& lt ode to Li Bai >> are the cold rhymes of bet, and the vowels are an, ian and uan；; & lt& lt celebrates the sun >> is the rhyme of bet, and the vowel is ong, etc.
Rhyme is the basic element of poetry. From ancient & gt,<& lt Chuci >>, from stereotyped Tang poetry to today's poetry, it must rhyme. Without harmonious rhyme, it is not catchy. The old rhyme book Ping Yun Shui can be used, but the rhyme part has 107, because the rhyme part is too narrow to use. You can also use a new rhyme, which rhymes with the pronunciation of Putonghua, with only 18 rhyme.
Orthographic quatrains only need to rhyme the last word of two or four sentences, so that the first sentence rhymes and the first sentence rhymes; Bigger quatrains must rhyme at the end of the first, second and fourth sentences in order to form harmonious and beautiful musicality.
Nowadays, when people write poems, it is best to use the rhyme of Putonghua as the rhyme standard. Suggested use> This book can be bought at Xinhua Bookstore. Or mail order from Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, address: No.272, Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai, zip code: 200020, with the purchase of < < New Edition of Poetry > > Do it.
Sixth, from beginning to end
There are only four sentences in the poem, and paying attention to the composition of "starting, inheriting, turning and combining" is the basic law that poets in ancient and modern times abide by. The first sentence is "qi", that is, beginning; The second sentence is "career", that is, commitment; The third sentence is "turn", that is, turning point; The last sentence is "off", which means close.
It is not prescribed by anyone, but is constantly summarized and followed by the poet in the process of creating poetry, which is naturally formed, indicating that poetry does not need to cover the poet in form; It was not until the Yuan Dynasty that someone summed up the composition and structure of Fajue poetry. Specific techniques: start straight, accept tolerance, turn to change and combine forever. Master the requirements of these four sentences, and you can write a quatrain. There are four forms of "starting, bearing, turning and combining", which are summarized as follows:
Parallel. For example, Du Fu's quatrain "Two orioles sing green willows, and a row of egrets go up to the sky. The window contains autumn snow in Xiling, and the Wu Dong Wan Li boat stops at the door. " This poem has four sentences, each of which expresses its meaning separately, and each sentence writes a scene. For example, four paintings are hung side by side and combined into one. We can all see that we are far, near, high and low, and each has its own wonderful results.
(2) career type. For example, Liu Yuxi's Zhi Zhu poem "Peach blossoms are all over the sky, and the spring water in Shu hits the mountain stream. Bonuses are easy to decline like Lang Yi, and the water is endless. " The first two sentences of this poem each write a scene, saying mountain flowers on the top and river water on the bottom; The third sentence is the first sentence, which comes from "Peach and Red Flower"; The fourth sentence inherits the second sentence and comes from "spring water in Shu" The four poems are juxtaposed in pairs, corresponding to each other, rigorous in structure, fresh in style and quite characteristic of folk songs.
(3) turning type. For example, Li Bai sent a message to Bai Di City in the early morning, saying that Jiangling, thousands of miles away, would be returned within one day. Apes on both sides of the Taiwan Strait can't stop crying. The canoe has passed Chung Shan Man. "The first two sentences of this poem say' Bai Di, Xiajiangling', and the third sentence is suddenly translated into' ape', making a turning point, and then ending. The third sentence is a wonderful turning point, which makes Tongtou spirit fly.
(4) Causality. For example, Wang Changling always said in his mind, "Young women in the boudoir don't know how to worry, and spring comes to make up the Cuilou. Suddenly I saw the willow color on the stranger's head and regretted teaching my husband to find the marquis. " The first sentence and the second sentence, the third sentence and the fourth sentence of this poem are mutually causal; The first two sentences and three or four sentences are also causal: that is, young women "go to brothels" because they "don't know how to worry"; Because "the sight of a willow turns pale" and "regrets" (teaching my husband to find a marquis). Because of "going to the brothel" and "seeing the willow color", the cause and effect are related and the structure is rigorous.