Means of artistic expression
Also called "expression". Various specific expressions used by writers and artists in their creation. In literary creation, there are narration, description, fiction, contrast, exaggeration, satire, lyricism, discussion and comparison.
1, expression:
There are five main ways to express poetry: narration, description, discussion, lyricism and explanation, among which description and lyricism are the key points. Description methods are different from portrait description (appearance description, expression description), language description, behavior description, psychological description and detail description. There are two main ways of lyric: direct lyric and indirect lyric. Indirect lyricism includes borrowing scenery to express feelings, embedding feelings in scenery, blending scenes, creating feelings with scenes, expressing feelings with scenes, expressing feelings and expressing aspirations with objects.
2. Rhetoric
Metaphor can be divided into simile, metaphor, metonymy, metaphor (also known as compound metaphor), antonym (also known as inverse metaphor), anti-metaphor, mutual metaphor (also known as metonymy), metaphor (also known as strong metaphor), metaphor, embellishment metaphor and quotation metaphor; Metonymy, personification, antithesis, exaggeration, parallelism, rhetorical question, rhetorical question, foil, repetition, irony, intertextuality, overlap, polite refusal, avoidance of repetition, adaptation, layering, filling (also called contrast), warning, presentation, pun, repetition, overlap, quotation, turn text and repetition (sentence by sentence). Metaphor, personification, antithesis, contrast and contrast are commonly used in poetry appreciation.
3. Poetry expression skills
Fu, comparison, interest, rendering, contrast, contrast (positive contrast), combination of reality and falsehood (virtual reality \ virtual reality), combination of static and dynamic (static to move \ static to move \ static to sound \ static to sound), positive side, want to suppress (want to suppress first &; Restrain first and then promote), point surface (point instead of surface \ point surface combination), symbol, association, imagination, quotation (using allusion \ to apply), line drawing, blank space, pun, etc. Fu: Put out the narrative. Compare: borrow one thing to refer to another. Xing: Let's start with Xing. Let's talk about something else first. What caused the singing? Draw the description of the central thing to be described by other things. Contrast: this is a technique in Chinese painting, which uses ink or color to render and set off the outline of an object, making the object stand out obviously. Used in poetry creation, refers to deliberately describing from the side, as a foil, so that what is needed is obviously prominent. It can be the contrast between people. For example, in Qin Luofu, the amazing beauty of Qin Luofu is set off by the reactions of the "walkers" and "teenagers", and it can also be the contrast between things, such as "cicadas make the forest quieter, the palace mountain more secluded", "monks knock on the moon door" and "the moon is full of birds singing". More things are compared with people, such as writing the moon in the river three times in Pipa, which compares the beautiful and charming timbre of Pipa and the sad, lonely and sad mood of the characters respectively.
Association and imagination
Association and imagination: mostly adopted by romantic poets. For example, Li Bai often integrates reality with dreams, fairyland, nature with human society. His "Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream" is full of poems that let go of thoughts, and the poet's imagination is like a wild imagination. The dreamland and fairyland depicted by him are the bright and beautiful ideal world he yearns for. "I don't know the moon when I am young, but I cry white." "I am worried about the bright moon, and I will go to the west at night." "I sing. The moon encourages me and I dance around "is a clever combination of whimsy and natural truth."
Use allusions
That is, quoting historical facts and using allusions in poetry. Ancient poetry attaches great importance to the use of allusions, which can not only refine the language of poetry, but also increase the richness of content, increase the vividness and implicitness of expression, receive concise and thought-provoking effects, and enhance the expressive force and appeal of works. For example, Xin Qiji successfully used five allusions such as Sun Quan, Emperor Wu of Song and Liu Yilong. Yong Yule ● Gubeiting in Jingkou remembers the past. With the help of these historical facts, the poet expressed his thoughts and feelings implicitly, naturally and fully.
sign
Originally, it was a rhetorical device, comparing one thing to another that was essentially different. Used in poetry, also called Bixing. This technique is often used in poetry to achieve the artistic effect of vivid image and turning reality into emptiness. For example, Zhu Qingyu's "To Secretary Zhang on the Eve of the Examination" in the Tang Dynasty skillfully used the bride's nervous and hopeful psychology before meeting her in-laws, and wrote her nervous and eager to be appreciated before the exam. He Zhangzhi's "Liu Fu": "Jasper is dressed as a tree, and thousands of green silk tapestries hang down. I don't know who cut the thin leaves, and the spring breeze in February is like scissors. " When the new leaves sprouted in spring, the poet suddenly had a whim in a surprise. It was Miss Chun who fiddled with spiritual scissors with her dexterous hands and cut out thin leaves! Metaphor makes description virtual, image more dynamic and emotion more intense. If this concrete image runs through the whole story, it is a symbol. For example, Li Bai often places his ideals and symbolizes his talents with magnificent and extraordinary things, such as Dapeng, Tianma, Xiong Jian and mountains and rivers. I like to choose noble and beautiful things, such as bright moon, phoenix, pine and cypress, beauty and so on. , to symbolize the integrity of the newspaper; He often chooses the events of people who were destroyed and imprisoned to compare his experience and situation.