From the end of the Han Dynasty to the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, it was a long period of pain in the history of China. Social unrest and division, the disintegration and collapse of political power, the decline of Confucianism and the prosperity of metaphysics, and the isomorphism of * * * have become the main reasons for the split personality and spiritual transcendence of scholars. The criteria for talent selection are quietly changing. "Virtue" is no longer the only measure, but "talent" or the beauty of the soul accompanied by talent is valued. This is obviously the background of the times when "The Character of Wind" stands out. "Wind" refers to charm, verve and verve, which is used to taste the figure's posture and temperament; "Bone" refers to the face, which is used to appreciate the figure and image. Once this perspective and standard of judging character is formed, it will soon affect the aesthetic consciousness in Wei and Jin Dynasties and have a far-reaching impact on the appreciation and creation of calligraphy and painting literature.
Liu Xie, a literary theorist in the Qi and Liang Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties, first summed up the theory of "Jian 'an Style" and refined the aesthetic spirit of "Jian 'an Style". As we all know, the basic position of Wen Xin Diao Long is to examine the origin and creation of literature from the perspective of Confucian ancient prose school. Based on this, Liu Xie first extended the concept of "character of style" from the metaphysical function of people and things to the literary criticism scale of "Ming Dow" and "Jing Zong". He inherited Cao Pi's thought of "literature is based on qi", which not only emphasized the key role of the writer's life understanding in his creation, but also clearly highlighted the internal relationship between literature and the times. Liu Xie summed up the aesthetic characteristics of Jian 'an literature with "generosity and openness", highlighted the tragic consciousness of life in the great pulse of the times, and then introduced "Jian 'an style", a critical model of China's poetry aesthetics.
Li Shimin, king of the Tang Dynasty, acceded to the throne after pacifying the social unrest in the late Sui Dynasty, and gradually established a unified, stable and powerful new dynasty. Undoubtedly, the prosperity of the empire had a decisive influence on poetry creation and evaluation. It is the poet's conscious pursuit to be vigorous and inherit Hua Mao's poetic style. In the changing history of "Jian 'an Style", there are two iconic figures in the Tang Dynasty, namely Chen Ziang in the early Tang Dynasty and Yin Kun in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Chen Ziang first raised the banner of "Han and Wei figures", linked "good luck" with "character", and publicized the aesthetics of "the character is prosperous, the color is frustrated, the brilliance is brilliant, and there is gold", reaching the realm of "smiling at each other with Jian 'an writers". This makes him not only inherit the generous and desolate style of Jian 'an poems, but also have the spirit of pioneering, lofty and vast. Poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty creatively transformed tradition into "sound"
Tang style or the prosperous Tang Dynasty replaced Jian 'an style, which made Liu Xie's tang style theory full of vitality. This change is not only a shift from prose and rhetoric to images and realms, but also a shift from morality to aesthetics, which reflects the profound influence of changes in the current situation on the poetic style.
On the one hand, the historical changes of "Jian 'an Style" illustrate the internal relationship between the changes of the current situation and the literary pattern and tolerance, on the other hand, it also reminds us that we should treat the ancient proposition of the relationship between literature and politics more objectively. The participation and understanding of politics deepened the poet's understanding of life; The warmth and romance of literature endows politics with a different kind of emotion. When "Jian 'an Literature" goes out of Jian 'an, and when "Jian 'an Style" is no longer just a symbol of a certain era, but becomes the "magnificent" and "sublime" life imagination of the whole nation, we will have a deeper insight into the profound meaning of "literary change is influenced by the world".
(Selected from Wang Hongchen's Evolution of Jian 'an Style, Guangming Daily 201August 26th)
1. The following statement about the original content is incorrect.
A. Jian 'an style not only refers to the vigorous, profound, generous and sad literary style in the Han and Wei Dynasties, but also guides the critics to evaluate literature from the Dynasty to the Song and Ming Dynasties.
B. The style of Jian 'an has undergone changes, which have profoundly influenced the cultural identity and life imagination of the Chinese nation and become an important symbol of understanding the cultural characteristics of China.
C. We no longer take "virtue" as the sole criterion, but begin to pay attention to "talent", or the beauty of the soul accompanied by talent. This change in talent selection criteria is the background of the formation of Jian 'an style.
D. Liu Xie theoretically summarized and refined the aesthetic spirit of "Jian 'an Style", and he summarized the aesthetic characteristics of Jian 'an literature as "generosity and openness".
2. In the following understanding and analysis, one that does not conform to the original intention is
A. From the end of the Han Dynasty to the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, due to social turmoil and division, the disintegration and collapse of political power, the decline of Confucianism and the prosperity of Feng Xuan, the personality of literati was split and the soul was detached.
B. After the formation of this perspective and standard for judging character, it quickly influenced the aesthetic consciousness in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and also profoundly influenced the appreciation and creation of calligraphy, painting and literature.
C. Based on the basic standpoint of Wen Xin Diao Long, Liu Xie extended the concept of "style of character" from the metaphysical function of people and things to the literary criticism scale of Ming Dow and Jing Zong.
D. It not only emphasizes the key role of the writer's life understanding in his creation, but also highlights the internal relationship between literature and the times, which is the essential difference between Cao Pi's "literature is based on qi" and Liu Xie's "body" theory.
According to the original content, one of the following statements is incorrect.
A. The unified, stable and powerful Tang Dynasty had a decisive influence on poetry creation and evaluation. Since then, poets of all previous dynasties have pursued grandeur and grandeur and adopted Hua Mao's poetic style.
B. The reason why Liu Xie's theory of "style" can glow with new vitality is due to the creative transformation of tradition by poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, which replaced "Jian 'an style" with "style in the prosperous Tang Dynasty" or "weather in the prosperous Tang Dynasty".
C. From the changing history of "Jian 'an Style", we can clearly understand the internal relationship between the changes of the times and the literary pattern and tolerance, and also remind people to look at the relationship between literature and politics more objectively.
D when "Jian' an literature" goes out of the Jian' an era and "Jian' an style" becomes the magnificent and lofty life imagination of the whole nation, people can deeply understand the profound meaning of "literary change affects the world".
Reference answer:
1.b (misinterpret the text. It is wrong to "affect the cultural identity and life imagination of the Chinese nation". The original text is "It has influenced the ethnic identity and life imagination of China people". )
2.d (misunderstanding, "it not only emphasizes the key role of a writer's understanding of life in his creation, but also clearly highlights the internal relationship between literature and the times", which has its own characteristics. Liu Xie and Cao Pi come down in one continuous line and are basically the same in essence. )
3.a (expand the scope to the local area. The original text is "vigorous, majestic and adopting Hua Mao's poetic style has become the poet's conscious pursuit", not "the pursuit of poets of past dynasties"