The vast desert is lonely, and the Yellow River sets the yen. Wang Wei's Frontier Ambassador
The north wind rolled the ground and flowers folded, and eight days passed in In the snow. Suddenly, like a night wind blowing, like a pear tree in bloom. Snowflakes fell into the curtains and wet them. The fur was not warm and the gold cup was too thin. The general used cold hands to protect his hands. The armored steel was too cold to wear. The desert freezes over/kloc-0.000 feet, with a crack, and the sky is full of darkness and melancholy. Song of Snow White sends Tian Shuji home.
The scenery in Qiu Lai is different. The wild geese in Hengyang go unnoticed and ring all around. Thousands of miles away, the long smoke closes. Fan Zhongyan's The Fisherman's Pride
The Yellow River is far above the white clouds, and the lonely city is covered with Wan Ren Mountain. Why use the elegy of willow to complain about the delay of spring, old Yumenguan, a spring breeze is not blowing! Wang Zhihuan Liangzhou Ci
The desert sand is like snow, and the Yanshan moon is like a hook.
There is a dark snow-capped mountain in Qinghai, with long white clouds and a lonely city looking at Yumenguan. Wang Changling's Join the Army
William Wang's Liangzhou Song
Wine luminous glass, want to drink pipa right away.
Drunk lying on the battlefield, you don't laugh, there have been several wars in ancient times.
Wang Changling's Out of the Fortress.
It is still the moon and border pass in Qin and Han dynasties, and the enemy has fought a protracted war.
If Wei Qing, who attacked Longcheng, and Li Guang, the flying general, were alive today, the Huns would not be allowed to go south to spend their horses in Yinshan.
Wang Zhihuan's Liangzhou Ci
The Yellow River is getting farther and farther away, because it flows in the middle of the Yellow River, and Yumenguan is located on a lonely mountain.
Why use the elegy of willow to complain about the delay of spring, old Yumenguan, a spring breeze is not blowing! Frontier poems can be divided into three categories. One kind is eulogy, such as "Wang Jimen" by Zuyong and "Song of Xia Sai" by Lulun. Reading this kind of poems, I read Water Margin when I was a child. One is anti-war, such as Du Fu's Military Vehicle Shop, Chen Tao's The Journey to the West and Li Jie's An Old Warsong. Reading this kind of poem will naturally give birth to endless sighs. The first is to reflect the war situation or the living conditions in the frontier. He won Zhang Qiao's sidelights and beat Zhang Ji's book Remembering a Friend Lost in the Tibet War.
In my opinion, the highest artistic achievement of frontier fortress poems is not to praise the war, nor to oppose the war, nor to overcome defeat, but the poems of those soldiers.
Pentecostal poetry has three forms of expression. First, the "neutral" original ecological description of frontier customs, such as Wang Wei's Go to Frontier, Wang Changling's Song of Frontier, Song of Frontier, Bai Xuege's Farewell to Tian Shuji's Home, and Benmahe Song Farewell to General Feng of the Western Expedition. Second, from the psychological point of view, such as Liu's "Expropriating People's Complaints" and Li Yi's "On Night Crying on the Wall". Third, from the psychological point of view of the wives of soldiers guarding the border, there are too many examples in this regard. Let's put it this way, almost all frontier poems with the themes of Spring Complaint, Complain, Spring Thoughts, Autumn Nightingale, Spring Poems, in my heart forever, Yubeng Complain and Sauvignon Blanc are special frontier poems created from this special angle.
There are also many such poems in Nineteen Ancient Poems, such as Picking Hibiscus on the River, Bright Moon, Walking and Walking Again, Dusk, Dream of Donghan and Guests from afar. If we trace back to the source, Rufen, Yin and Yi Jun in the Book of Songs are the source of this kind of frontier poems.
Yang Yang's Tang poems are recognized by later generations, and the representative works of the Seven Laws can be attributed to Shen Quanqi alone. Wang Changling's Bright Moon in Qin Dynasty or William Wang's Wine or Wang Zhihuan's Far Up on the Yellow River can all be masterpieces among the four wonders. From this perspective, the beauty of Tang poetry is frontier poetry.
Frontier Poetry School was formed in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, with Gao Shi and Cen Can as its representative writers. The frontier fortress poem is a relatively broad concept. Any poem with frontier fortress as its theme can be called frontier fortress poem. The content of frontier fortress poems is very rich, including the military life of frontier fortress soldiers, the natural and cultural landscape of frontier fortress, and the communication and emotional exchange between frontier fortress and various figures in China. Frontier poems can be written in frontier fortress or inland Beijing. The former is about the experience of frontier fortress life, while the latter is about the experience of living in middle-earth without visiting frontier fortress in person.
Join the army in Wang Changling.
There is a dark snow-capped mountain in Qinghai, with long white clouds and a lonely city looking at Yumenguan.
Yellow sand wears golden armor in hundreds of battles, but the loulan is not returned. [Edit this paragraph] Lu Lun
1, about the author:
Lu Lun (748-800), named Yunyan, was a native of Hehuangpu (now Yongji County, Shanxi Province), one of the ten gifted scholars in the Tang Dynasty. Lu Jianci's Biography in Old Tang Dynasty says that Lu Jianci (son of Lu Lun) was originally from his hometown and later moved to Pu, which is not credible. Zhao Lin's "Quotations" contains three records of his nephew Zhao Shu's "Hometown", praising the prosperity of the characters in the river, focusing on Zhao, saying that Lu Lun is Zhao's son-in-law and Lu Lun's wife is Zhao Shu's aunt. Speaking of respect for my family, I said, "Past lives also came from the river." From this point of view, Lu Lun's ancestors also lived in the river, not from Fanyang. And perhaps because Yang Fanlu's family is a noble family, he mistakenly called john young the ancestral home of Lu Lun.
2. His poems
Song of the plug
In the faint moonlight, wild geese soar in the sky.
The Tatar chiefs are fleeing from the darkness.
We chased them, and the horse's burden was light.
We must carry bows and arrows and swords in the heavy snow.
[Notes]
1. Xia Sai: an ancient frontier fortress military song.
2. Moonlight: There is no moonlight.
3. Khan: the leader of Xiongnu. This refers to the supreme commander of the invaders.
4. escape: escape.
5. Will: Leadership.
6. Qingqi: Qingqi and Fast Cavalry.
7.11: Catch up.
translate
On a quiet night, geese fly high,
Khan slipped away in the dark.
Was about to lead the light cavalry to catch up,
The snow fell all over me.
[Brief analysis]
This is the third poem in Lulun's "Xia Sai Qu" series. Lu Lun used to be a marshal judge of the shogunate, and he had a good understanding of the life of soldiers. Poetry describing this life is more substantial and powerful in style. This poem is about the heroic feat of the general preparing to lead his troops in pursuit of the enemy on a snowy night.
The first two sentences are about the enemy fleeing. "In the bright moonlight, geese are soaring", and the moon is covered by clouds and dark. Su Yan started up and flew high. "Chief Tatar fled in the dark". On this unusual night with high black wind, the enemy sneaked away. "Khan" originally refers to the supreme ruler of Xiongnu, and here refers to the invaders of Qidan and other nationalities who often invaded the south at that time.
The last two sentences describe the general preparing to chase the enemy, which is unusual. "And we chase it, and the horse is lightly burdened." The general found that the enemy had absconded and wanted to lead the light cavalry to pursue it; Just as we were about to leave, there was a heavy snow, and in an instant the bow and knife were covered with snowflakes. The last sentence "and the burden of snow on our bows and swords" is a description of the cold scene, highlighting the hardships of fighting and the brave spirit of soldiers.
This poem blends scenes. The enemy troops fled in the scene of "wild geese flying in the bright moonlight", and the general was prepared to pursue them in the scene of "snow burden on our bow and our sword". The atmosphere of escape and chase is as follows
Be strongly rendered. The whole poem does not describe the process of chasing the enemy in the snow, nor does it directly describe the fierce battle scenes, but it leaves a very rich imagination space for people.
This is the third of the six poems in the "Song of the Plug" group. Although Lu Lun was a poet in the mid-Tang Dynasty, his frontier poems are still full of vigor in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, full of heroism between the lines, and inspiring to read.
There is a sentence or two "high in the dim moonlight, wild geese are soaring, and the Tatar chief is fleeing in the dark" to describe the enemy's rout. "The moon is dark and windy" and there is no light. "Goose flies high", there is no sound. Taking advantage of such a dark and silent night, the enemy quietly escaped. Khan was the supreme ruler of the ancient Huns, and here he refers to the supreme commander of the invaders. Running at night means that they have completely collapsed.
Despite the cover of darkness, the enemy's actions were discovered by our army. Three or four sentences, "Let's pursue it, the horse will carry a heavy load lightly, and the bow and sword will bear the snow", describe the situation that our army is preparing to pursue, and show the mighty spirit of the soldiers. Imagine a cavalry marching out, and suddenly the bow, arrow and knife are covered with heavy snow. What an exciting scene!
Judging from this poem, Lu Lun is very good at capturing images and opportunities. He can not only grasp the typical image, but also show it at the most artistic moment. The poet doesn't write about how the army attacked, nor does he tell you whether he caught up with the enemy. He only described a scene he was going to pursue, which effectively set off the atmosphere and emotions at that time. "And we chase them, the horse is light and heavy, and the bow and sword are negative." This is not the climax of the battle, but the moment close to the climax. This moment, like an arrow on the string, will not send, the most attractive force. You may feel dissatisfied because you didn't give the result. But only in this way can it be more enlightening and arouse readers' association and imagination. This is called incoherent, and its meaning is endless. It's not without a tail when a dragon sees its head. The tail is even more interesting and charming if it looms in the clouds.
Song of the plug
Lulun
In the dark forest, the grass was suddenly blown by the wind, and the wind was rustling. The general thought that the beast was coming and immediately pulled out the arrow.
Dawn went to look for the arrow, which had gone deep into the edge of the stone.
translate
In the dark forest, the grass suddenly swayed and rustled with the wind. The general thought the beast was coming, so he quickly drew his bow and shot an arrow.
Looking for an arrow at dawn, it has fallen deeply into the stone edge.
To annotate ...
(1), plug-the ancient song title. Most of these works describe frontier scenery and war life.
(2) the wind-suddenly blown by the wind.
Bow-bow, bow, including archery.
(4) Pingming-just before dawn.
⑤ White feather-the white feather behind the shaft, which refers to the arrow here.
6. No fall, that is, drilling.
⑦ Stone edge-the corner of the stone.
This frontier poem describes a general who killed a tiger. It is based on the biography of General Li written by Sima Qian, a scholar in the Western Han Dynasty, and records the deeds of the famous Li Guang at that time. The original text is: "When you went hunting widely, you saw a stone in the grass, thinking it was shooting tigers, and the stone in the middle (zhòng) had no arrow. You see, it is also a stone. "
The first two sentences of the poem describe what happened: in the middle of the night, the forest was dark, and suddenly the wind was blowing hard, and the grass was undulating by Joe; The frogman was in a trance when he landed, and a white tiger came at him. At this moment, the general is flying through the forest. He is quick-sighted and quick-footed, and he bows and shoots arrows. ...
As a result of the last two sentences, the next morning, the general remembered what happened in the forest last night and came to the scene along the original road. He couldn't help being surprised: in the bright morning light, he clearly saw that he had shot a boulder instead of a tiger. Fear crouched there silently, and the white arrow plunged deep into the edge of the crevice! Please note that the place where the arrow enters is not a cave, a gap or a stone surface, but a narrow and sharp stone edge-what a great arm strength and martial arts it requires!
Someone wants to ask, why didn't the general kill the tiger until the next morning? The original story didn't tell me that it was a stone the next day! This is the poet's artistic treatment. First, it can show the general's confidence. It has always been very popular. Are you afraid it won't die or run this time? Second, it can increase the intuition of the image and make people see it more clearly. If you watch it that night, of course, you can find that this is a misunderstanding, but it is difficult to achieve the vivid effect of the current picture.
Poetry pays the most attention to implication and emphasizes the implication. Seeing the description of the arrow hitting the stone in the poem, we naturally associate it with: What would it look like if it was really a tiger? What happens if you shoot enemy soldiers and horses on the battlefield? Thus, the image of a general with high martial arts, bravery and good fighting skills stood in front of our eyes.
Border songs
Lulun
Wear a golden mother-in-law arrow made of carved feathers, and the flagpole rtsa forms a dovetail arc.
A man stood up and gave a new order. A thousand battalions were shouting.
translate
The general wore an arrow made of vulture feathers, and a flag embroidered in the shape of a dovetail fluttered in the wind.
Standing and announcing new orders, the soldiers of the thousand battalions responded together.
To annotate ...
Vulture feather: Arrow tail feather.
Aunt Jin: The name of the arrow.
Dovetail: The two corners of the flag are bifurcated, if it is dovetail.
Arc: logo name.
Independence: Jude's words hold water.
Nourishing the mind: a new instruction for nourishing the heart.
Make an appreciative comment
This poem describes the swearing-in scene when the mighty general conveys the new order. The response of the Chief Sergeant of the Thousand Battalions is showing the formidable military ability, strict military discipline and confidence that everyone will win. It is inevitable to be conquered by this magnificent momentum.