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2 1 century, society is based on information and knowledge, and knowledge is constantly developing and updating. People's position in competition, people's role and occupation in society, and the difficulties they face are varied, complex, dynamic, instantaneous and unpredictable. For their own survival and development, people need to constantly learn, constantly enrich their knowledge and skills, constantly improve their personality and develop their potential, and constantly adjust their body and mind to adapt to the external environment and rapid changes anytime and anywhere. This requires the ability and quality of self-learning, self-improvement and self-development. It can be said that this ability and quality are indispensable for human survival and development in the new century. Then, on the basis of the nature of Chinese education, according to the survival and sustainable development of human beings and the characteristics of Chinese subject, we should lay the foundation for students' all-round development and lifelong development through various language practices, which requires cultivating modern society, humanities literacy, innovative spirit, cooperative consciousness and broadening horizons, reading comprehension and expression ability and communicative ability. And the ability to use modern technology to collect and process information "(the language of Chinese Curriculum Standard), the spirit of modern society, the concept of healthy personality, updating their knowledge and ability, better education, and laying the foundation for the" transcendence "of social self-development in the future. Recently, the Ministry of Education issued "Chinese Curriculum Standards" (hereinafter referred to as "Standards") and made clear arrangements.
The basic idea of the whole "standard" does not consider the nature and status of course? Curriculum, design concept of curriculum standards, curriculum objectives and implementation suggestions ",the Appendix points out that all students who can find language education attach great importance to their survival and development in the future society, especially Chinese courses should be devoted to the formation and development of students' Chinese literacy. Students with Chinese literacy learn other courses, which also makes the versatility and foundation function of Chinese courses based on students' all-round development and lifelong development, and determines the important position of compulsory education in September. The State of the Union address fully expounds the important role and core task of Chinese curriculum and Chinese education in developing students and devoting themselves to their development. It can be said that the core of the development concept is China's educational idea, and the essence of "standard" truly embodies Deng Xiaoping's idea that "development is the last word".
Then, how to fully grasp and thoroughly implement the concepts of "standard" and "development" in the practice of Chinese education?
On the basis of independent development, highlight the ability to collect cultural information and use basic research methods.
The basic significance of Chinese learning is to enable students to acquire basic Chinese literacy and lay the foundation for their lifelong learning and self-development. The basic concept of the course is "majority", which improves students' Chinese literacy in an all-round way. From the "standard" ("Chinese course should cultivate students' thoughts and feelings, guide students to correctly understand and use their mother tongue to accumulate rich language and sense of language, develop their thinking, and make their reading and writing ability adapt to actual needs, reading ability, writing ability and oral communication ability ..."), because scientific learning methods and abilities are part of the system and a kind of "scientific literacy". "The necessary quality for students' self-development" is the basis for students to learn other courses, and it is also the basis for students' all-round development and lifelong development. At the same time, "mastering basic Chinese learning methods determines the basic nature of Chinese courses ("language is the most important communication tool "and one of the basic characteristics of" instrumental "Chinese courses) and determines the overall goal of Chinese courses".
(A) pay attention to the guidance based on the Basic Law-"self-development"
Chinese teaching can only be based on independent development, the legal basis research of language learning practice, strengthen guidance, enable students to have basic scientific learning methods, optimize structure and language knowledge (not only the language of knowledge books in a general sense, but also the actual language knowledge of life production, economic, scientific and technological development and extensive contact), and form strong language expression ability (generally speaking, listening, reading, writing and language ability, Language autonomous learning ability, language practice ability, language transfer ability, library utilization ability, corpus adaptability, learning ability to adapt to life, practice ability, and innovative language ability), so that students have the ability to learn to learn, lifelong learning, self-development, and automatically adapt to future social development and survival to provide unlimited possibilities.
1。 (2) Teach the basic knowledge of guidance, learn how to learn and develop yourself, "starting point-guide learning methods, and improve the solid foundation of knowledge collection and absorption. ① Methods of raising awareness; Teaching basic listening, reading, writing and language (such as the spelling of Chinese phonetic alphabet and the solution of word literacy) (3) the use of guiding tools and networks (such as dictionary search, library bibliography retrieval method, network information search and processing method); ④ Pay attention to the accumulation of language and phrases (such as a beautiful poem recitation and a beautiful article recitation).
2。 The basic knowledge to be used, and extended to the acceleration point of "learning to learn and self-development"-practice-oriented training skills to improve the degree of knowledge transfer and application flexibility. While imparting basic knowledge, we should pay attention to the guidance of transfer methods (such as guiding the generalization and transfer of abstract method "knowledge"); Under the guidance of specific transfer, illustrate knowledge, guide analysis, and guide the opinion of "association method" to make knowledge transfer in "class" and make knowledge reappear and transfer; Direct and intuitive methods make knowledge "transfer" and the time and space of the created application program, let students independently use "double basics" to solve practical problems, and make students form a "self-learning ability" to expand the transfer of knowledge and applied knowledge in this field.
3。 Basic knowledge, combined with the leap of "learning to learn and self-development"-spreading novelty, cultivating spirituality and improving the ability of knowledge renewal, reorganization and reconstruction. Different methods are used to solve this problem. This method puts forward questioning method, Feed-in Method and Imagination Method, which guide students to learn, fully reserve learning space, imagination space and question space for themselves, encourage students to ask questions and imagine boldly, improve students' knowledge, integration and reconstruction ability, cultivate students' creative learning atmosphere and brilliant courage, and enable students to absorb knowledge reserves, integrate and recycle knowledge, from imitation learning to innovative learning.
(B) highlight the quality of education-the key to achieving "self-development."
With the mutual communication, the gradual deepening of information technology and Chinese education, and the integration of "comprehensive" courses, Chinese education is experiencing unprecedented turmoil. How to improve information literacy education, have powerful information from childhood, and use modern technology to collect and process information, so that students' ability is to strengthen basic learning methods and let students learn how to learn. In the information age, they can pay close attention to their own development. The key issue is that the "standard" era has given Chinese teaching a new mission.
1。 Computer data acquisition tools establish "open" learning mode. We should be rooted in the "standard" of reality, face the world and face the future, and strive to establish an open and dynamic "needed" language for Chinese curriculum. We should broaden the basic concept fields used in Chinese learning courses, and pay attention to interdisciplinary learning and the application of modern scientific and technological means, so that students can broaden their horizons, cross each other and infiltrate and integrate different contents and methods, thus improving the learning efficiency of the integration of information technology and Chinese education and initially adapting to the needs of modern Chinese practice. The best channel for opening Chinese class. Through the network, the resources of various languages around the world are closely combined with the existing Chinese teaching materials or (the style of centrifugal divergence and expansion? "People-oriented, course Chinese teaching materials, seize a combination point, use information technology, data collection, online reading and exchange differences, and expand practical activities", or come out ("Echo accumulates in the heart" online teaching materials language resources, extensive online reading, online writing, online communication, online Chinese practice river? The network language resources in the form of Huihai accumulate Chinese literacy, which echoes with students' extracurricular Chinese textbooks. It can expand the content of language learning to the greatest extent, make language courses more diversified and face the open Chinese classroom in a three-dimensional way. You must guide students to master the computer, an excellent tool for collection, storage and processing, teach children how to use the computer, find the knowledge he needs, and use these knowledge combinations to innovate and answer his questions. We must pay attention to the "open" learning mode to guide students to master the computer state: ① Select "search tool" ("Sohu" search) for the "open learning task based on search", and enter search marks (required literature category, keywords, author's name, publication date, etc.) according to the suggested search task. ) → "Search" the original document. (2) The "open learning for free viewing and searching" program is based on the "open learning" of "free reading by Internet browser → decompression of downloaded information" and "classified downloading and storage method", which guides students to download a large amount of information and organize and store it, so the downloaded information is systematic, concise and easy to obtain; (4) information processing rules, such as using computer technology, data cutting, moving, copying, quoting and other word processing.
2。 The "subject intermediary tool" on the computer has established an "integrated" learning method. Softening subject boundaries, "all-round learning" and improving comprehensive quality are another key requirement of Chinese curriculum standards. The design idea of "Standard" clearly points out that the curriculum standard of "comprehensive learning" aims to strengthen language courses and other courses, improve students' listening, speaking, reading and writing abilities as a whole, and use language education computer as an intermediary tool to guide students to transform language, language, music, art, animation, society, nature and images through multimedia IT. The comprehensive benefits of various disciplines, and comprehensively improve the comprehensive quality of students.
3。 Establish computer communication tools for interactive learning. Social communication and communication requirements in modern society, especially in the case of rapid update and change of social information. Only by strengthening information exchange, sharing information and setting up public information within the group can we better capture relevant detailed information, manage information and use information. Cross-ethnic, cross-regional, cross-ethnic and cross-crowd "oral communication and ideological communication, emotional communication and information exchange" provide a fast and convenient tool for communication and exchange. Students must be guided to transmit and exchange the written materials they have mastered, the learning experience of IT and "interactive learning" and the transmission and exchange methods of learning evaluation through the Internet, so that students can learn to communicate, learn to communicate and learn from each other.
Secondly, based on the cultural heritage accumulated by the healthy development of "innovative personality and modern spiritual concepts"
"People-oriented" Chinese curriculum is one of the basic attributes of Chinese curriculum standards, and it is a highlight of Chinese curriculum standards that pay close attention to "humanistic" culture. The basic idea of the course is "most people say" to improve students' Chinese literacy in an all-round way "("Chinese curriculum should also focus on improving students' moral quality and aesthetic taste, so that they can gradually form a good personality and a sound personality, and promote the harmonious development of morality, intelligence, physique and beauty "), and we can see that another important component of" Chinese basic literacy "is" standard "and" humanity ". Therefore, the "standard" is in the curriculum. In the process of language learning, cultivate emotional patriotism, socialism and moral quality, and gradually form a positive attitude towards life and correct values, cultural taste and aesthetic taste. 2, a large and extensive understanding of China culture, absorb the wisdom of national culture. Care about contemporary cultural life, respect different cultures and absorb the nutrition of excellent human culture. 3. Cultivate feelings of loving the language of the motherland, cultivate self-confidence in language learning and good living habits ... 4. Gradually develop an attitude of seeking truth from facts, advocating science and true knowledge ... 7. Initially understand and appreciate the noble sentiments and interesting edification of literary works, develop personality and enrich your spiritual world ... 9. Initial development and cooperation spirit of civilized society. " Achieving these goals is the goal of humanistic quality education in Chinese curriculum.
Chinese textbooks are imbued with rich cultural connotations and humanistic spirit based on absorption and cultural edification, which is the basis for all students to describe people's lifelong spirit and cultivate the spirit of "playing well". Chinese education should cultivate students' pursuit of truth, goodness and beauty, yearning for the ideal world on the other side, caring for the unknown curiosity and imagination of human beings, nature and the universe, and the resulting internal and external passion, life, vitality, perseverance, constant exploration spirit, criticism and creative desire, so that they will never be satisfied with the status quo, so that no matter what difficulties and setbacks they encounter, they will be able to cope calmly and consistently. It can be said that good "humanity" is the most important source, human development is the most lasting motivation and the core of life potential.
(A profound cultural heritage, shaping the "innovative personality".
Rich cultural heritage is an inexhaustible source of innovation. Innovation can be said to be the crystallization of mind and spirit, and knowledge and spiritual roots are deeply rooted in profound cultural heritage. Therefore, Chinese education should pay full attention to the precipitation of cultural awareness and cultural details, and lay a solid foundation for their life, sustainable development and innovation ability.
1。 Accumulate cultural heritage and promote the understanding and spirit of innovation. Chinese teaching guides students to observe life, experience life interest and accumulate rich life experience and cultural background. If you grasp it, you will have a certain connotation, and you will be familiar with the overall understanding of the American text. Paying attention to the thought-provoking and profound points of the text is helpful to cultivate students' rich imagination, emotional feelings, artistic concepts, artistic beauty of words and experience the aesthetics of American culture; It is necessary to guide students to use humanized, romantic and aesthetical poetic expressions, understand texts and emotions, experience American cultural tastes, students' spirituality and understanding, and the buds of branches bathe in spring.
2。 Cultural creation, cultural individuality and characteristic innovation. Chinese education liberates students' minds in a relaxed, natural and quiet cultural atmosphere by creating a harmonious and pleasant atmosphere and reading MTX texts in the United States; We should actively explore the atmosphere of creation, cultivate students' true, kind and curious humanity, and look forward to and imagine the ideal world on the other side of the universe. Through free discussion, we can trigger each other's teaching methods, give full play to students' personality, and students dare to imagine and explore, and maintain a spirit and perseverance of pursuing innovation and dedication, thus triggering the spark of innovation and forging ahead in a free atmosphere.
(2) profound cultural heritage, shaping the modern spirit. "
A person's physical and mental development must have correct values, outlook on life, world outlook, ecological outlook and moral consciousness. Especially in the highly developed information age, a lofty mental health concept is the pillar of a person's development. As a basic humanities subject, Chinese education shoulders the mission of shaping the modern spirit of "responsibility". For Chinese education, Chinese textbooks have infiltrated the concept of art and cultivated a distinctive image through the spiritual concept of' living'; Spiritual concept, a profound understanding of spiritual concept, takes the concept of "light" as a truly emotional spiritual concept, making the spirit "soft"; What is the philosophy of spiritual philosophy? Self-spiritual concept of "pro" and other forms, and actively promote the accumulation of Sun and Moon cultural heritage, so that the concept of "modern spirit" rooted in children's values, germination, flowering, results, and ultimately realize the heart:
1。 Integrate national consciousness and international consciousness. Let students establish international understanding and peace consciousness, so as to deepen their understanding of the traditional culture of the motherland, love, care and understanding under the background of economic globalization and the integration of information technology based on social knowledge, and network language and expanding international exchanges and cooperation can also maintain the unique cultural spirit of the nation.
2。 Comprehensive development consciousness and ecological consciousness. The core of sustainable development strategy is the basic elements of development, controlling population, cherishing resources and protecting the environment. Students are not only aware of the development of childhood, but also aware of population, ecology, resources and environmental protection.
3。 Integration of inheritance consciousness and innovation consciousness. Students have the essence of classical culture and foreign culture, the whole emotion and intuitive perception, and consciously learn and inherit cultural heritage, but they dare not criticize, dare to question and have innovative consciousness in childhood.
4。 Integration of competition consciousness and cooperation consciousness. The spirit of encouraging innovation and fair competition. Through the opportunity of group learning and cooperative learning, students can learn to compete and cooperate, cooperate and compete from an early age.
5。 It combines self-awareness and social awareness. By creating a relaxed atmosphere, cultural learning, the establishment of a dominant position and the promotion of personal self-responsibility. At the same time, through research language practice activities and special research activities, we can serve the community, enrich life experience, accumulate social culture and enhance social responsibility.
On the basis of surpassing the development of language practice, expansion tries to emphasize "theme"
"Standard" course and "goal" can actively carry out inquiry learning, learn in practice and use language, such as "observing nature and society" stage goal "very specific teaching goal." Plan to participate in campus and community activities, organize discussions and keynote speeches, and try to use language knowledge in family life and school life? And the ability to solve simple problems; Under the guidance of interesting language activities, teachers' language learning and learning cooperation activities "solve problems related to study and life, use information channels such as libraries and the Internet to obtain information, and try to write simple research reports"; Pay attention to hot issues, collect data, investigate and interview, organize independently, organize periodical literary activities, perform and discuss. ), study and live independently, ask questions of interest, discuss selected research topics, make a simple plan, obtain information from newspapers, books or other media, discuss and analyze problems, and write a simple report independently or independently or in cooperation.
In the process of language practice, cultivate students to surpass themselves and develop themselves. Practice is the most important driving force and channel construction. Reflecting the characteristics of the times, we can see the goal of expansion and the advanced development consciousness from the comprehensive practice of "standard" Chinese. The future society is a knowledge society and an innovative society. You need to go beyond consciousness education as your future career. You need to go beyond tradition, beyond reality, face the future and move forward moderately. Therefore, we must attach importance to the cultivation of special inquiry consciousness and ability, and to the cultivation of innovative research talents. Therefore, the expansion of Chinese teaching and Chinese practice activities must highlight the increase of the content and level of "theme" learning, and gradually increase its proportion.
1。 Strengthen the guidance of research methods. Create some data collection methods and data selection methods in a timely and appropriate manner, and try to write a special study on "policy guidance courses and case demonstration courses for special research, and do a good job in pre-sales engineering".
2。 Pay attention to open research. You can do the following operations: (1) text content expansion, special research; (2) Collect local folklore research materials; (3) case analysis of observation experiment report; (4) Subject knowledge analysis and special research; (5) Social hotspot survey.
3。 Emphasize the research results of evaluation. It can be used for: (1) "emphasizing" and organizing "research briefing", introducing the research plan, research process and research methods to students, solving the difficulties encountered in the research process, and conducting research (2) showing and commenting excellent research, even if representative organizations are selected to compile a small book, (3) "racing" and arranging appropriate research competitions.
Fourth, on the basis of steady development, highlight the transformation of the concept and function of learning quality evaluation and "establish a diversified evaluation system"
Facing the needs of social development, the Standard emphasizes "system reform" and its purpose evaluation method, and emphasizes that "the purpose of Chinese curriculum evaluation is not only to examine the degree of students' realization of curriculum goals, but more importantly, to test and improve students' Chinese learning and teachers' teaching, to improve curriculum design and teaching process, and to effectively promote students' development. It should not be an evaluation of screening and selection functions." This requires us to update the evaluation concept, exclude the ability of screening and selection, establish a new evaluation policy system with education and children's physical and mental development as the core development functions, and scientifically evaluate the all-round development of students' quality development. The evaluation of students is based on primitive, lively and positive development. Instruct teachers to improve their own teaching, improve teaching process, promote students' development, guide students to know themselves, find the direction and foothold of development, and promote the realization of independent development. This is an important question. In the current reform of evaluation system, more and more students are the key to achieve stable and sustainable development.
1。 The content of the evaluation is comprehensive. The evaluation suggestion of the standard emphasizes that "from a comprehensive point of view, we should highlight the knowledge and ability, process and method, emotional attitude and values from all aspects? Evaluate and check students' Chinese reading and writing ability. Language learning is characterized by emphasizing emotional experience and perception, and quantification and objectification cannot be used as the main means to evaluate language courses. We should avoid tedious language evaluation. We should not only evaluate the integration of content from the perspective of development, but also evaluate the knowledge and ability, process and method, emotional attitude and values required by the curriculum objectives. Three aspects of. The contents and requirements of the evaluation, the comprehensive and detailed provisions, and the suggestions put forward by the Standard in the evaluation are not repeated here.
2。 The evaluation methods are diversified. "Standard" evaluation suggestion, "the only evaluation test that combines all kinds of evaluation methods used, one. I believe it can be used for: ① "qualitative and quantitative evaluation+evaluation". The suggestion of "standard" evaluation emphasizes the combination of qualitative evaluation and quantitative evaluation, and pays more attention to qualitative evaluation. "This requires schools and teachers not only to quantify students' positions (because the quality situation is vague, it is difficult to quantify accurately, and use a more appropriate rating), but also to identify students' positions qualitatively day by day, requiring schools and teachers to analyze students' language learning, objectively describe the progress and shortcomings of students' language learning, record information and test scores, and suggest encouraging, praising and positively evaluating students who evaluate their performance with the most representative facts. ② "Dynamic evaluation+static evaluation". "Dynamic evaluation" evaluates students' development quality, which focuses on vertical comparison, which is formative evaluation in the development process, while static evaluation evaluates students' quality development level, which focuses on horizontal comparison. Therefore, summative evaluation shows developmental "standard" evaluation suggestions. "Formative evaluation and summative evaluation are necessary, but formative evaluation should be strengthened. Advocating growth records, collecting information reflecting students' language learning process and results, such as recording students' performance, students' potential interest in self-reflection and summary, teachers' and students' evaluation information from parents and so on. "Only by combining these two evaluations can the accurate evaluation of students be based on the original all-round development.
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