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This book is a collection of Lu Xun's 1926' s reminiscence essays, with ten articles in total. The first five articles were written in Beijing and the last five in Xiamen. Originally published in the semi-monthly Mangyuan, the general title was "Reviving the past". 1927 July, Lu Xun re-edited it in Guangzhou, and added "introduction" and "postscript", renamed it "Morning Flowers". 1928 September was first published by Beijing Weiming Society and listed as one of the "unnamed new collections" compiled by the author. 1reprinted in February, 929. 1September, 932, the third edition was rearranged and published by Shanghai North New Bookstore. The cover of this book was painted by Tao.
These ten essays are Memoirs of Memories (Preface to Three Leisure Collections), which completely record Lu Xun's life track and experience from childhood to youth, vividly depict the life picture of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, and are important artistic documents for studying Lu Xun's early thoughts and life and even the society at that time. These chapters are profound and meaningful, and they are classics in China's modern prose.
Regarding the translation of this book, Lu Xun said in a letter to Masuda on April 1934 1 1: "If there is a place for publication, it is good to translate it, but there are too many customs and trivial things about China, which are not easy to understand without annotations, and it is also boring to read with too many annotations." In his letter to Masuda on February 2 1934/KLOC-0, Lu Xun mentioned that Masuda and Haruko Sato jointly translated Selected Works of Lu Xun, saying, "Only Mr. Fujino, please translate and supplement. Fan Ainong writes badly, so it is better to give up what he loves. "
From "Hundred Herbs Garden" to "San Tan Yin Yue", Mr. Fujino, Fan Ainong and other articles in the book were selected into middle school Chinese textbooks.
"Morning Flowers Pick Up in the Evening" Catalogue:
Silver
Dogs, cats and mice
Achanghe shanhaijing
Twenty-four filial piety pictures
Five will
changeful
From Baicaoyuan to San Tan Yin Yue
Father's illness
Trivial notes
Mr. Fujino
Fan Ainong
postscript
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"Spring Water Stars" (Bing Xin) text/A Jia
"Stars in Spring" is a short collection of poems by Bing Xin, a beautiful poem after another, which is the spark of generation.
When I was in middle school, I saw that everyone was tired of reviewing before the middle school entrance examination, so I took the opportunity of changing the blackboard newspaper and copied all these poems on the blackboard. Imagine a blackboard full of "stars" and "springs". How delightful it is! Unfortunately, the class teacher came forward the next day to stop it: When are you still reading these things? So the stars were erased. ..
Reading suggestion: Children have a natural affinity for poetry. Children can be exposed to children's songs and nursery rhymes in the initial and initial reading stages. In the primary reading stage, they can try classical vernacular poems such as The Stars in Spring, and short poems are the best.
Brief introduction of The Journey to the West
As one of the classical Four Great Classical Novels in China, it is the best mythological novel, and it is also a combination of mass creation and literati creation. The novel begins with seven stories about "making trouble in Heaven", and puts the image of the Monkey King at the top of the book. From the eighth to the twelfth, I wrote the stories of Tathagata, Guanyin becoming a monk, Kevin·Z descending dragons and the birth of Tang Priest, explaining the origin of the scriptures. From 14 to the end of the book, I wrote that the Monkey King was forced to convert to Buddhism to protect the Tang Priest's scriptures, and with the help of Bajie and Friar Sand, he exorcised demons all the way, which became a "positive result" in the Western Heaven.
Brief introduction of The Journey to the West
The Journey to the West was born in16th century, during Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty in China (1522- 1566), and it has been more than 400 years since then. Author Wu Cheng'en, whose real name is Ruzhong, whose real name is Sheyang Jushi, and The Journey to the West wrote the first draft in Wu Cheng'en's middle age, and then polished it. On the basis of predecessors' accumulation for many years, he recreated on the basis of folk literary works and stories learned from others.
The Monkey King is the most glorious image in the book. "Noisy Heaven" highlights his spirit of loving freedom and daring to resist. "The spread of Western learning to the East" shows the spirit of eliminating evil by Si Qi, a wise man. After the Monkey King failed to make a scene in the Heavenly Palace, he was released after being suppressed by the Tang Priest under the Five Elements Mountain for 500 years, and went to the West to learn Buddhist scriptures with Tang Priest. He is no longer the image of a rebel, but a man who wears a tight hoop and a tiger skin skirt and designs for the world.
Most of the fantasy worlds and mythical characters described by The Journey to the West are based on real life, and at the same time, they embody some good wishes of writers and people in the form of magic. Eighty-one difficulties, seventy-two changes, ghosts and gods' various abilities are full of illusions; Colorful treasures are obviously imagined by people in order to conquer nature or defeat the enemy. The Journey to the West constitutes the basic artistic feature of romanticism.
The Journey to the West artistically combined well-meaning satire, bitter satire and severe criticism, which made many chapters interesting and fully expressed the profound ideological content and the author's distinct love and hate. Forty-one short stories of "eighty-one difficulties" are also displayed through the intricate relationship among monks, Buddhists and demons, and waves of turmoil break out. In these countless fantasy plots full of struggle, they meaningfully entrust the broad masses of the people to resist evil forces and demand victory over nature and difficulties.
Introduction to water margin
"Water Margin" tells the story of a mass uprising by Song Jiang and others during the Xuanhe period of the Northern Song Dynasty (119-121or so). There are many records in the history of Song Dynasty and the notes of Song people. Although inconsistent, they are all about strength. It has a far-reaching influence among the people. Gong, a native of the Southern Song Dynasty, said: "Song Jiang's business is in the street, and it's in the alley." There are also stories of Song Jiang and others in the storytelling. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, storytelling and zaju were widely circulated, and some of them have been circulated to this day, such as storytelling "Legacy of the Great Song Dynasty" and zaju of the Yuan Dynasty. Shi Naian collected the stories of Water Margin, such as historical books, legends, storytelling and zaju since the Song and Yuan Dynasties. In the whole process of development and failure, the heroic epic and revolutionary tragedy of peasant uprising in feudal society were written with profound thoughts, extensive contents and outstanding art, which reflected that the deep exploitation and cruel oppression of declining feudal society intensified class contradictions, and the darkness and decay of reactionary rule caused the resistance struggle of the broad masses of the people.
Uprising is "top-down chaos". Rulers, from emperors and ministers to local corrupt officials, local tyrants and bullies and even jailers, spread all over the country, inside and outside the imperial court, forming a ruling network and openly doing evil. For example, in two years, Liang Zhongshu ransacked hundreds of thousands of wealth for her husband Cai Jing's birthday and paid bribes for business; Gao Qiu persecuted Wang Jin for revenge, harmed Lin Chong for Gao Yanei's occupation of his wife, and persecuted the people who didn't want to rebel, revealing that the real reason of the uprising was "the officials forced the people to rebel". The novel truly describes the development process of the uprising: from individual resistance to collective resistance, from decentralized struggle to organized struggle, from small to large. Lu, Lin Chong, et al. Everything started with personal struggle, just to escape the arrest of the government. Although there are many hills such as Liangshan, Erlong Mountain and Taohua Mountain, they are isolated from each other and cannot resist the escalating government's "suppression"; Classical,
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character introduction
Saburo: This comes from Song Jiang's handling of family relations. Song Jiang's handling of family relations is based on filial piety, especially for his father. I won't elaborate on the rest.
2. Timely Rain: It is mainly said that he helped others and gave generously, which was described 25 times in Water Margin, which showed Song Jiang's heroic nature to some extent.
3. Hu: Until today, we can't give a satisfactory explanation. According to textual research, it is related to an official name in the Song Dynasty. Most scholars believe that this nickname reflects Song Jiang's attitude towards the imperial court.
Song Jiang
Guan Sheng
Linchong
Yang zhi
_ _ _ More than 600 years of history has made Shi Naian a looming figure.
His life is gone, but the legend is enduring. In his pen, folklore became
Classic and eternal literature. More than a hundred years ago, the Japanese even included Shi Naian.
One of the best in the world, along with Washington and Napoleon. ...
The Mystery of the Author of Water Margin
Judging from the inscription of Water Margin, the first edition can't be found in any existing edition. The edition with the second edition as the inscription mostly appeared in Jiajing and Wanli periods of Ming Dynasty, and two versions of the third edition appeared in Chongzhen period of late Ming Dynasty. Therefore, the third statement is later than the first statement and the second statement in terms of time. _ So, is it the first statement, the second statement is more reliable, and the third statement is the least reliable? Not necessarily. As far as the first statement is concerned, it may be the most unreliable. As we know, Luo Guanzhong is the author of The Romance of Three Kingdoms. At this point, it does not exist. There is no need to use language at all. The former uses plain classical Chinese, while the latter uses popular vernacular Chinese. If it is written by the same author, it is really difficult to get people's approval. Although the second statement and the third statement appeared earlier or later, they have one thing in common, that is, Shi Naian is the author or one of the authors, and they actually support each other. So from this perspective, both are more reliable.
The dual significance of "forcing Liangshan"
The reality that officials in feudal society forced the people to rebel. As a historical development stage of human society, feudal society did create splendid feudal culture and civilization. However, there were many feudal social systems, and the government's ruling policy was anti-humanity, which led to a very dark and corrupt society in a certain period. Therefore, it is progressive for people to rise up against unreasonable society and should be praised. Historians have been studying peasant uprisings for years. It shows that the progressive role of peasant uprising in resisting feudal autocratic rule should be praised, but it also has great destructive effect on society. "Water Margin" describes the time at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the court was corrupt and incompetent, and the society was dark. It is inevitable that people will rise up and resist. The characters in Water Margin are different from ordinary robbers and bandits. In the earliest preface, they said that these characters robbed ill-gotten gains without harming others. Taking ill-gotten wealth does not harm good people, and it is chivalrous and has no evil of the mob. The hero in Water Margin is tenable, so it is a work to praise the hero's resistance to feudal rule.