After this chat, I found that Xue's Wan Xi Sha is not only a word about beautiful women, but also a word about missing women. Before I say this poem, I think we should briefly introduce China's fine print.
Small words are called small words. First, because of the short space, and second, because China has always paid little attention to the fine print, they all think that poetry expresses ambition and writing carries Tao. However, small words are just words about beautiful women's love, and music is attached to the lyrics sung by geisha and wine girls. There is really no ambition and avenue. Therefore, compared with the lofty ideals of poetry and prose, words are really not big enough.
But it is precisely because such a small word is sung and lyrical in a woman's tone that the author can retreat to the second line, and when writing words, he will be more real, indulgent and idle, not to express his ambitions. It is in this objective law that words can be poetic and endowed. However, in the eyes of the Song people at that time, the fine print was just an unsightly hall. As an accessory, it is compiled at the end of your collection. It is in this confusion that small words unconsciously evolved among these literati. With this evolution and change, the aesthetic feeling and characteristics of words have gradually emerged. However, it is a pity that hundreds of years later, a scholar in Qing Dynasty discovered the beauty of ci. That is to say, in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, Ci was stagnant, and even regressed to obscene songs. Because they didn't find the aesthetic characteristics of ci. Finally, Zhang Huiyan, a poet and Confucian scholar in Qing Dynasty, put forward the subtlety of Ci.
Zhang Huiyan wrote in "Selected Poems": "Poets started in the Tang Dynasty and adopted the voice of Yuefu to make new laws. Because of its words, it is called the word. " As I said before, a word is a word sung by music, so it is called a word. However, Zhang Huiyan later said: "Chuanyue: What is implied from it." What Zhang Huiyan said here is far-fetched. This "moral" is called "word" and comes from Shuo Wen Jie Zi. The words mentioned here are "literary words" and "linguistic words" It is still different from the literary form we are talking about.
Of course, Selected Poems of Zhang Huiyan certainly has its advantages. Then he went on to write: "the fate of love made the ending, and it was by whispering that we moved each other." Men and women in the lane are sad and happy, and it is extremely life-threatening to be unable to talk about feelings with sages and gentlemen. " It means: The joys and sorrows of men and women in Fengxiang are originally a kind of ballads, which are lyrics written by ordinary boys and girls between ordinary streets to tell their lovesickness and sadness. But "fate is extreme", when such lyrics develop to the extreme, they have meaning. You can "secretly make an appointment with a gentleman and tell your unspeakable feelings." Look at what he said. He didn't talk about the feeling of being a gentleman. He said, to be a virtuous person and a gentleman is a feeling of "secretly blaming others" and "not talking to yourself". It would be nice if he could write "Gentleman's Love", but it should be written as the deepest, vaguest, most subtle and saddest feeling of a gentleman. And this kind of affection is beyond his conscious mind itself. So words are so subtle.
Ok, now let's go back to the word Xue. Write a description of Jiangnan beauty:
Clouds are swaying and singing, and the grass in Zhufeng River is fragrant on the spring of gold panning in Yue Nv.
Not for distant mountains, but for sunset, peach blossom, Xie Yi and willow waves.
He said that there was a woman in the south of the Yangtze River who was searching for gold in the spring, with a walking wave on her head. The Song of Eternal Sorrow describes Yang Guifei as "the clouds in her hair, the petals on her cheeks, and the golden ripples on her crown when she moves". Wandering is a kind of jewelry. When you leave, it will shake as you walk. Pei Mingjun is still wearing a jingling Yu Pei. A gust of wind blew on the sandbar, and the smell of grass came from the river. All the above are about the beauty of this woman's clothes, and they are all outgoing. Ouyang Xiu's poem "Dead Hua Lian" also wrote a woman picking lotus in the south of the Yangtze River. It's different. He said that this lotus picker is: narrow sleeves and light Luo, revealing double gold cymbals. The gold bracelet was faintly visible in her narrow sleeve. And it's still hidden It is hidden under the clothes. This is a double hint and subtlety. The women in Xue's works are really extroverted and beautifully dressed. This is the quality difference of women. There is a sentence in Nineteen Ancient Poems: "Yingying is a girl upstairs, she is a window. E-E's red makeup made exquisite hands-Grass by the Green River. Look how exposed it is, showing off your beauty. There is another woman in Nineteen Ancient Poems who is also a tall building. You see what he wrote: "There are tall buildings in the northwest, and there are clouds on the horizon. Cross sparse junction window, aging third order. There are string songs on the ground, and the sound is sad. " -The woman in the poem "There are tall buildings in the northwest" didn't come out until the end. The former is ostentatious, while the latter is implicit. Xue's "Walking on clouds" is a kind of woman, and Ouyang Xiu's "Narrow sleeves and light Luo, revealing double gold cymbals" is another kind of woman.
The second half of Xue is about this woman's lovesickness. He said, "Don't be sad for the distant mountains, just hate the sunset." The ancients once said that women's eyebrows are like distant mountains. There are words to prove it. Wei Zhuang's word is "a pair of distant eyebrows." She said she didn't care about the distant mountains, and she faced the sunset with a kind of sadness and hatred. Why? Because the person she missed didn't come. "Peach Blossoms Thank Liu Lang", Liu Lang is a legend in China. This beautiful woman is waiting for her beloved faraway person. When the faraway person doesn't come, she doesn't even care about the distant eyebrows. Although this word is written with emotion, it is superficial and has no personality and realm. Let's look at another word with a little character. That's Wen's Bodhisattva Taoist.
The mountains overlap, and the clouds want to smell the snow on their cheeks. Too lazy to draw a moth eyebrow, too late to make up and wash.
Look in the mirror before and after the flowers, and look at the flowers. The new post is embroidered with lolo, all of which are golden partridges.
Look at what he said. He said: "lazy eyebrows, late makeup wash." There are many vague meanings here. What do you mean we are lazy, don't work and don't go to school? No, you should look at its spiritual essence. We say that slicing can arouse our association, and drawing slices can also arouse our association. Why can you evoke these associations? That's because it has become a code or a symbol in China's cultural tradition. Seeing "Emei" reminds me of Qu Yuan's "Li Sao" in which "many women are jealous of Emei." Lenovo. Do the slices here refer to women's eyebrows? Obviously not. Qu Yuan is a man. He just expresses his feelings in a woman's tone. Here we can borrow western theories, which is a kind of dual context writing.
We often say that women like themselves, and my thrush is painted for the man I love. As we all know, Qu Yuan is a patriotic poet, and his dedication to the country and society is admirable. So what does he mean by "e-mei"? It is our moral integrity.
We can think of Li Shangyin's association that "stealing a mirror at the age of eight can draw long eyebrows". We say that Emei is moral integrity, so painting Emei is to stick to my moral integrity.
Let's go back to the word "lazy" Although I didn't get the appreciation of the people I wanted, I didn't have bring disgrace to oneself and didn't underestimate myself. I can also thrush and make up. Zhang Huiyan also talked about this word in Selected Poems, saying, "This is a rare work. The style of writing is like Changmenfu, but it is described in sections. This chapter begins with the word "lazy" after waking up and contains the following events. The sentence' according to flowers' has the meaning of Li Sao's first service. " Sure enough, it is also bluntly said that Wen's Bodhisattva Man is very similar to Changmen Fu. And "The Long Door Fu" is an article about thinking about women and complaining about women. And what is the meaning of the first service? It is a spirit of loving beauty and self-decoration. I live in filth, but I am completely clean. Because the woman written in the article can thrush, make up and embroider. Is a self-disciplined person.
At the beginning of Wang Guowei's "Ci on Earth", he said: Ci takes the realm as the top, and when there is a realm, it has its own system and its own famous sentences. Finally, let's appreciate another word, which is high in character and difficult to explain. That's Li Jing's poem "Puhuan Xisha" in the Southern Tang Dynasty.
The fragrant lotus leaves are withered, and the west wind worries about the green waves. With the light * * * gaunt, ugly.
The chicken is far away in the drizzle dream, and the small building blows through the cold. How many tears are hateful to lean on.
Say the most homesick sentence first. He said: "the drizzle dreams of chickens, and the small building blows through the cold." Xiao Lou refers to the place where the master lives. When it rains lightly at night, women dream of their husbands in their dreams. Wei Zhuang has a saying: "Last night, in the middle of the night, I was dreaming on my pillow." I dreamed of you so clearly, and when I woke up, I found that the lover I missed was far away from the chicken jam. Chicken meat stuffing is chicken deer stuffing, which is the northwest border. After waking up, I didn't feel sleepy and felt more sad. So I went to the high-rise building alone and played with Yusheng. Yusheng's jade was cold at night, and my inner feeling was lonely. Li Shangyin's poem, "The book is far away and the dream is long. Only the empty bed is the enemy of Su Qiu." -"Ending Residence". What do you take to keep out the cold? Is that the guy who plays Yusheng? It's freezing. It's really cold. And it was blown through in a small building, so you can imagine how long it took. That woman is "as many tears as there are, lean on it." It's how many tears I have and how much hatred I have. My tears are endless, so are my sadness and love. Sleepless nights blow through Yusheng. And I always lean on the dead branches and look at the end of the world.
However, the beauty of this word is not in the second half, but in the first half. Although the second half is really sad and hateful, it is far from acacia. However, after all, it only stays in the perspective of thinking about women. Of course, this is also good. But we know that there are good and bad characters, and in subtle places, we can express the unspeakable feelings of sages and gentlemen. Words are endless, but it means endless.
Bian Que said in the first half of the sentence: "Xiang Lian sells green leaves, and the west wind worries about green waves." And Wang Guowei actually said these two sentences, which made people feel vulgar and beautiful. These two sentences are from Qu Yuan's Li Sao. Then what is vulgar? Qu Yuan said: "Even if it withers, it will still hurt. I mourn the filth of the public." If the flowers I planted die and the flowers you all planted live, what does it matter if the flowers I planted alone die and wither? I am sad that "a hundred flowers blossom", and the flowers planted by everyone have died. This is the sad thing. Then Qu Yuan used flowers to describe his own death and decline. What Li Jing said is "the west wind worries about the green waves", which means that a pool of lotus flowers has fallen and withered. It is the decline of Qi in the context of Southern Tang Dynasty.
And the feeling of beautiful death? Qu Yuan said: "Only the grass and trees are scattered, and the beauty is afraid of dying." I remembered my old face when I saw the scattered vegetation. The beauty here is not only external, but also human talent and character! I am so talented and ambitious, but before I make great achievements, I will wither and get old. Do you think I'm scared? It is very coincident with "Lotus fragrance selling residual green leaves".
Let's look at this woman from the perspective of female thinking. She is a person who has requirements for her beautiful talent and personality. She is also afraid of getting old, but she is more afraid of the filth of the public. Its character is not only the self-beauty of the ego, but the life and death relationship between the heart and the big environment. This is really a realm, a character.
From these three poems, we can see the realm and cultivation of ci. From the first song, for love, not for distant mountains; I also want to draw a crescent moon when I am lazy; When I arrived at Li Jing's residence, I lamented the profligacy of the public and feared that the beauty would die. It is true that the personality is gradually improved and its aesthetic characteristics are more subtle. We need our readers to do it themselves. This is a western theory, reception aesthetics. I am connected with these sentences, thus forming a new life. This is what Mr. Ye Jiaying has been talking about. The vitality of poetry.
We may not be reused sometimes, but am I going to corrupt bring disgrace to oneself? Just like an empty valley orchid, because no one appreciates it, it doesn't give off its own fragrance. So I also hope that everyone can become a better self.
2020.7. 14
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