Keywords: Xie Lingyun's artistic features of blending mountains and rivers
Xie Lingyun's landscape poems occupy an important position in China's ancient literature and are an important research object. This paper studies the artistic features of his poems.
Xie Lingyun was the son of a big family, which played an extremely important role in the society at that time. His grandfather Xie Xuan was the prime minister at that time. Because of the existence of the gate valve system, he was hereditary as Kangle Gong after his grandfather died. Superior family and political conditions, rich family property, let him develop the habit of traveling around. Xie Lingyun worked in Yongjia, Linchuan, and when he lived in seclusion in the hometown of Huaning, he often led his servants and disciples to explore victory everywhere. Song Shu said: if you want to find mountains and rivers, you must choose deep and steep, and there are thousands of rock obstacles, so you must be prepared. ? Poetry describes the trip. There is no new poem, which is written by all cities. Between ancient and modern times, scholars are everywhere, admired far and near, and famous in Beijing. ? It is precisely because of Xie Lingyun's special social status and outstanding talent that he completed the evolution from metaphysical poetry to landscape poetry with his language style and novel content that catered to aristocratic tastes.
The artistic achievements of Xie Lingyun's landscape poems are mainly manifested in four points: the description of lust, the personification of rhetoric, the clever use of ancient book language, the natural transfer of subjectivity and objectivity and the overall blending in the process of landscape writing.
The first feature: the sound, color and light of the landscape are vividly described.
The observation and experience of natural scenery in "Into the Lake Mouth of Peng Li" is very detailed, and the description is quite delicate and dynamic? Round? 、? Collapse? The sound of mourning apes under the moon? Green field show? With what? Baiyuntun? That bright and beautiful color collocation, all give people a deep impression.
The second feature: personification rhetoric.
The personification technique in Xie Lingyun's landscape poems is widely used, such as "A Beautiful House with a Stone Wall Returning to the Lake": the climate changes suddenly, and the mountains and rivers merge with the splendor. The lightness of the mountains and rivers makes people feel relaxed and happy, making them wander in the mountains and rivers and linger. ? This is the subjective feeling of the writer, but the poet's plain style shows such kindness, which makes the ignorant landscape seem to have life and feelings and become a pair of intimate friends with the poet.
The third feature: using the language in ancient books and records more skillfully.
The fresh language style of Xie Lingyun's landscape poems is mainly reflected in the absorption of classics, history, Confucius and sentences into the poems. Like what? Fishing is easy to sing? Did you borrow Lao Zi? Waste straight, bend all? In fact, meaning implies lifestyle; ? When you have sex, you will not be yellow, and you will eat apples and deer? In short, is it taken from? Yellow bird, yellow bird, nothing in the constellation gathers? ("Xiaoya? What else? Yo yo Luming Literature, wild apple? ("Xiaoya? Luming Literature), later associated with these poems? Who is Mu Gong? 、? Can people in this state get along? 、? Blowing sheng drum spring, bearing basket is will? We can infer that the poet remembered his rough life. Because Xie Lingyun's poetic style is unpretentious and unpretentious, his landscape poems have eliminated the immortal literature that has been flourishing since the Jin Dynasty, and initially broke the metaphysical poetic style, which has certain progressive significance.
The fourth feature: the natural transfer of subjectivity and objectivity and the overall blending in the process of landscape writing.
On the whole, Xie Lingyun's landscape poems have a distinct and strong personal color. Reading his poems, we can always feel a kind of capitalization. Me? Words. In other words, there is a strong sense of self in his landscape poems. Similar? In the seclusion period of my life, the internet was weak? Poetry, although there is no Ouyang Xiu emotionally? Tears ask flowers silently, and red flies over the swing? So strong, but we can still see the personal feelings expressed by the poet in his poems. Poets always jump out from time to time to express their depressed mood and philosophical sentiment when visiting landscapes. When Xie Lingyun's pen and ink reached the level of scenery description, his attitude immediately became objective, so a series of realistic and beautiful landscape poems without the author's personal feelings were written by the poets they nested. So judging from some sentences describing scenery, Xie Lingyun's poems are more objective and realistic.
The poet's transformation and blending between subjectivity and objectivity is mainly realized in two ways: one is to change the structure of the scene. That is to say, when writing travel notes or visiting notes or describing scenery, people will move when they walk, and with the change of observation points, new pictures will be constantly displayed. When describing a scene by changing the structure of the scene, we should first explain the changes of observation points clearly, so that readers can clearly know the route of sightseeing or sightseeing. Secondly, we should show the scenery we see during or after walking, so that readers can see colorful and vivid pictures. When describing the scenery with the structure of changing scenery, we should pay attention to expressing different pictures around a center to avoid the feeling of fragmentation. At the same time, we should carefully cut and describe the most distinctive scenery along the way, and delete the general description to avoid running accounts. The second is the poet's lively mentality. That is to say, the poet is happy when he swims in the mountains and waters, and he has no worries except the beautiful scenery in front of him when he swims in the mountains and waters. Therefore, the author's mood at this time is lively. Through the application of these techniques, the purpose is to make the pair of contradictory bodies get almost perfect combination in his poems, thus presenting a special aesthetic style.
The artistic achievement of Xie Lingyun's landscape poems lies in his creation of a unique structural model? Remember to travel? Write a scene? Are you happy? Enlightenment? . When we read Xie Lingyun's landscape poems, our first impression is that they are well-defined and well-structured. Neighbor Xie said in the poem he read: There is no certain way to write Chinese poetry. When it comes to happiness and light, the paragraphs are clear and the rules are strict. But people have their own laws, articles have their own laws, and the changes are sparse, so future generations can't. ? Generally speaking, a poem about recreation begins with narration, continues with scenery and ends with reason, so it ends with sadness. ? However, sometimes there are exceptions, such as the first four sentences of "going upstairs in the pond"? Hong Fei is potential and charming, which sounds far away. Thin clouds are ashamed of Yunfu, and deep in Sichuan? Start with slang. Another example is "Shi Bi Jing She Return to the Lake". Dizzy Dan? The following six sentences describe the tour process; ? He Lin? Six sentences focus on the specific description of the scenery; The third part is called. Xuanyanwei? It is an inevitable symbol of the transformation from metaphysical poetry to landscape poetry. The second feature is that in its local scenery description, it shows the emotional charm of a landscape through delicate observation and very specific pictures, and develops in the direction of blending scenery with emotional thoughts. This has had a far-reaching impact on landscape poetry and opened a clue to the creation of artistic conception of landscape poetry in later generations. Like what? White clouds embrace secluded stones, green and beautiful? ("After the Early Shu Ning") The clear water is rippling, the bamboo shadows are hidden, the rocks are quiet, and the white clouds are lingering. With one? Hug? One word. Charming? Ci introduces people into a quiet and beautiful realm, expressing the poet's feelings and feelings in this realm; The beauty of quiet and clear nature is so harmonious, as if there is life and affection. This completely ruled out utilitarian and rational judgments and entered the aesthetic level.
Therefore, the artistic achievements of Xie Lingyun's landscape poems are closely related to the return of literariness in Jin and Song literary circles. This makes the artistic achievements of Xie Lingyun's landscape poems show that he pays attention to formal carving, is extremely beautiful and attaches importance to color tone.
The landscape poetry created by Xie Lingyun greatly enriched and expanded the realm of poetry, making it independent from metaphysical poetry, thus reversing the metaphysical poetry style since the Eastern Jin Dynasty, establishing the position of landscape poetry in the history of China literature and making great contributions to the further development of landscape poetry.