It is a way to understand Gu's mourning poems by combining the poetics in Records of the Day. Such as Gu's Poem of Mourning Friends? Private words? Is it suitable for him? Academic discourse? . Previous poems about mourning for friends were mostly narrative, with the poetic nature of preserving history. Poems of mourning for friends in his later years are expensive and implicit, with a decadent color. He also mourned among his friends. From his mourning poems, we can see that time explains the tragic fate of the adherents.
[Keywords:] Mourning poems; Believers; Decline; Mourn oneself
Abstract: Is this a way to understand Gu? Interpret his mourning poems with the poetics of Records of the Day. The author of the mourning poem is Gu? But they correspond to his academic papers. Most of his early poems in mourning for friends are narrative, and they are used to record history. In his later years, his poems mourning his friends became blurred because of fading colors. In mourning poems for friends, Gu also has mourning poems for himself. From his mourning poems, we can understand that time can explain the people. Tragic fate.
Keywords: mourning poems for friends; Yimin; Decline; Mourn for oneself
As an important thinker in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty, Gu's academic research mostly focused on his thoughts on simplicity, especially textual research and political thoughts. With regard to the study of adherents' mentality, Zhao Yuan's Research on Scholar-officials in Ming and Qing Dynasties deeply interprets Gu Yanwu from the historical and cultural perspective [1]. However, the study of Gu's poems has always been ignored by scholars. On the one hand, Gu is not famous for his poems. On the other hand, Gu has a lot of sarcastic remarks about literati. However, Gu was famous for his poems in his early years. After becoming a believer, he deleted his early poems and kept more than 400. Gu's poems inherit the tradition of expressing emotion with poetry, record his life as a adherent, and reveal his unknown emotional fluctuations. In particular, reading his poems mourning for friends can reveal the change of his mentality as a adherent, interpret his complicated feelings when mourning for his old friends, and thus understand the tragic fate of a generation of adherents.
First, what is poetry? What about the rest?
Among Gu's more than 400 existing poems, there are 15 poems and 24 mourning poems. Written in middle age, there are two poems: crying for Master Yang [2], pushing the official to work for it, but the second son died [3], crying for pushing the official [4] and crying for Taifu Chen [5]. These five poems were written in the fourth year of Shunzhi (1647). In the second year of Kangxi (1663), he wrote "Fenzhou Sacrifice" and dedicated it to Pan, who died in the Wenzi Prison of the Qing Dynasty. In the ninth year of Kangxi (1670), he wrote two poems [7]; In the 12th year of Kangxi (1673), he wrote Three Days Back to Dezhou from Zhangqiu [8] and Four Poems Crying to Gao Shi [9]; In the 13th year of Kangxi (65438), in the 14th year of Kangxi (1675), he wrote about the funeral of the Ministry of Industry [1 1] and Sun Zhengjun was buried in Xia Feng with Meng Dong. When they lived in Taiyuan, they didn't have a job, but some people from Wuzhong told their peers about their feelings. So look at the text in the 19th year of Kangxi (1680) [65438+]. He wrote Crying for Mr. Li to Serve Mr. Guan [13], Pushing Officials to Beware of China [14] and Five Mourning Poems [15]. They were 68 years old when they wrote five mourning poems, less than two years after their death.
Ge believes that there is a phenomenon of discourse division among scholars in Qing Dynasty, and intellectuals use three different discourses, one of which is used in public society? Social discourse? One is used in academia? Academic discourse? There is another one for family and friends? Private words? And poetry belongs to? Private words? [ 17]。 Gu lived in the Qing Dynasty for half his life. Should his poems be regarded as his? Private words? . Practice is his lifelong pursuit, and writing poetry is just? What about the rest? . He once quoted Ouyang Xiu as saying: articles stop at embellishing things and political affairs can be moved. ? [18] and think:? Everyone has his own ability. What's the harm of not writing poetry? ? [19] What's more, what does Gu think? 1 is a scholar, so I have no idea. [20] holds a contemptuous attitude towards the literati. His poems dilute the literati's pursuit of words and other forms and become a record of his life ideals and practices. Wang Jimin thinks: Mr. Wang's obscurity is all in his poems, so he wrote and recorded it himself, and taught it to his disciples, using rhymes to avoid words, almost because he didn't dare to pass it on before his death but wanted to pass it on later. ? [2 1] So, Gu's poems are his? Academic discourse? . Different from the division of academic discourse and private discourse of scholars in Qing Dynasty, his academic discourse and private discourse are often consistent.
Although writing poetry is? What about the rest? Poetry reveals his personal inner feelings.
Second, bereavement: Is the soul in Artemisia cold during the day?
Gu quoted as saying: In recent days, no one has failed to write poems. Without poems, there is no law, and it is impossible to write seven words. ? [22] He himself thinks:? The seven-character law is strict in statutes, complete in antithesis and loud in syllables, which is not easy to achieve. Now beginners are all seven-character method, which seems to be the only way to get started. It is no wonder that they can't peep at this pass all their lives. ? [23] Among the friends he mourned, Yin Yue was also an expert in writing poems, and he didn't like metrical poems either. He thinks it's useless to spend money on lovers. What he has done is a combination of five words and ancient customs. In Gu 15' s mourning poems, there are four questions and five ancient poems, three questions and five lines, two questions and five laws, three questions and seven sentences, and three questions and seven laws, which can show the style of Gu's poems and the correspondence between Gu's private discourse and academic discourse. Put forward in "Rizhilu"? Really? His literary view:? The husband's mirror is illusory, (historical papers) screen stealing words, the gentleman's way, rise and fall, this is the first. ? [24] think? Poetic temperament, not expensive kit kat? [25]。 In rhyming, he still advocates? Don't harm meaning with rhyme? [26],? It is those who know how to use rhyme with me, and the poems of the ancients are also; What rhymes with me are modern poems. It may be the disease since Du's collection and the official department of Korea. ? [27]? Poetry expresses its meaning without rhyme, so it is better to express its meaning without rhyme, and to take its meaning without rhyme to satisfy its rhyme. Therefore, the rhythm should be moderate, otherwise it is better to neglect the density. Words can express meaning, while rhyme is sparse and harmless. ? [28] Gu proposed that writing poetry should be based on the style and phonology of poetry. Give priority to meaning? From poetry? Meaning? Set out and express your sincere feelings. Writing poetry should not simply pursue formal things such as literary talent and rhetoric, but should be literary talent. It's not far if you don't say anything, okay? We should also pay attention to the role of literary talent in expressing meaning. In Rizhilu, we specifically talked about the importance of literary words in expressing the author's emotional intentions. Pay attention to literary talent in order to better express meaning.
Gu's mourning poems are the expression of his temperament. Do you value poetry? Meaning? Mourning poems not only express the feelings of life and death with friends, but also pay attention to literary talent, which reveals the changes of his emotional world to us. With the passage of time, the growth of age and the change of the world, his emotional world has also undergone subtle changes. Gu, who is wandering outside, is also mourning for his friends.
Weeping Yang's master, the second son of two officials, is reasonable, but the second son is dead. Weeping Yang's teacher, crying Yang's official, crying Taifu Chen, is a friend who was killed by Qing soldiers. Three years after the demise of the Ming Dynasty, Gu Fenghua was in his prime and fought against the Qing Dynasty with people with lofty ideals. The killing of his comrades outraged him. Except for the two poems "Pushing an official's second son to reason but not getting it, and the second son dying", the other three questions are all five ancient poems. The ancient five dynasties were less constrained and easy to express their feelings, and these capitals were more narrative. There are 42 sentences in "Weeping Master Yang", which narrates the process of Yang Yingtian's entering, changing and succeeding to the throne. Yang attacked Ma and Ruan, and was destroyed. The Qing soldiers committed crimes in the south. Yang learned that Emperor Long participated in the war. After the defeat, he hid in the field and was captured by the Qing soldiers. Finally? In Xulu village, the first meteorite, blood spurted? And die. The 42-sentence "Crying for Teacher Chen" first describes the talent and courage, but the pen and ink are more in the second half of the poem. Used by Zhao, it was sent to Songjiang, and the Qing soldiers took Jiangnan directly. He went to the Tang Dynasty and took part in the war in Songjiang area. His domestic slave traders turned against each other, and something bad happened. Chen Zilong went to Mr. Wang's house, and Mrs. Wang left in a hurry with food. Later, he was captured by the Qing army and died in diving. 2 1 couplets tell the story of life very clearly, regardless of the middle? Still ashamed of your own heart and bear this sadness? Feel guilty. ? How soft is Kibby? How can traces hide themselves? This is a lament that Chen Zilong's escape is still untraceable, and there is a note under the poem:? When you die, you have three or four servants. Take them with you as usual. ? 66 sentences "Crying aunt pushes official" to describe family? Between father and son, five people died in succession? Tragic experience. The reason why there are so many narratives in these three poems lies in the great source of friends, which must be based on their life experiences. Although it is five ancient times, the three capitals are full of sound and rhyme, which is consistent with the author's grief and indignation. In "two songs pushing the official, the second son wants to make sense, but he doesn't get it and the second son dies"? If you want to sue your family for selling yellow calves, do you want to summon spirits in Songjiang? Anger vowing to avenge a friend. These poems have the nature of taking history as a substitute and cultivating people with poetry, which shows that Gu still intends to hide his strength and bide his time in order to make a difference.
The downfall of Nan Ming, the failure to resist Qing Dynasty in Taiwan, the genocide after Wu Sangui's anti-Qing uprising, the brutal killing of literati by the literary inquisition in Qing Dynasty, and everything Gu heard and witnessed inevitably made his poems stained with some decadent colors. Looking at Gu's poems, in the second year of Kangxi (1663), there was a trend of decline. Louguan:? It is quite profound that the West wants Hu Change. Without green cattle and autumn grass, I wander alone in the sunset. ? [29] Louguan is a Taoist temple. The first two sentences are the original intention of the owner of Louguan Yin, and the last two sentences are Gu's self-confession. Gu regarded the Buddha as a heresy, but he especially hated him. What is this? Hu? There is still a difference between the two. But? Huahu? It's hard, too. The situation is on duty. It's a long way, and it takes a lot of hesitation to go west to Hu Change. The first two sentences of this five-line poem are unyielding, while the last two sentences are decadent. Compared with the spirit flowing in the previous poems, the latter poems want to express the spirit but show more and more decline. In this year's Fenzhou Festival and Pan case, how were Wu and Pan who died in Huzhou Historical Prison murdered? Nine's blood turns into a clear spring, and the soul in Artemisia returns to cold in the daytime? Cold imagination, is there? Witch, trick, funeral gone? I lament the number of murders, but I am not determined to avenge my friends. In his later years, he wrote poems in memory of his friends, which were more subtle than meticulous and lyrical, and were already shown in this song.
The decadent momentum is more obvious in later mourning poems. In the 12th year of Kangxi, Wu Sangui rose up against the Qing Dynasty, and Gu seemed to be counting on him. In the same year, he wrote Crying for Gao Shi. Is literature dead and depressed under Yushan Mountain? Sad, but also regret that Guizhuang did not see Wu Sangui arise:? It's sad that you didn't smell the chicken singing. ? However, the hope that Wu Sangui brought to the adherents when he joined the army slowly disappeared. In the second year, Lu Guanglu wrote a letter to Syria, and friends in Jiangdong expressed their gratitude and sighed, unable to conceal their inner sadness. Many like-minded friends died in those years. Repair the door and expose the old museum? . How do the literati in China's poetic tradition view life? For example, morning dew, how difficult is it to go to Japan? [30]、? Always afraid that the autumn festival will come and the yellow leaves will wither? The exclamation of [3 1] appears in Gu's poems. He realized that this feeling was harmful to life, so he tried to sweep away his weaknesses. Who will Sven always belong to? * * * Am I getting old? Ask yourself and answer yourself, and try to get rid of sadness. However, only in this way can the exclamation in the poem become stronger and stronger. Old Gu came up with many words when he mourned his dead friend. In "Two Poems of Holding Yin Gongzi Yue", he died in Fuzhou, but Gu has never been to Fuzhou. When did he send a trip to Minnan's pain, did he? Under the mountain clouds, birds fly with the coffin. When coix lachryma-jobi contains shellfish, is it waiting for clothes? Imagination of the funeral of the dead. "Sun Zhengjun and Meng Dong were buried together in Xia Feng. When overseas Chinese lived in Taiyuan, they were not executed. In Wuzhong, there are people who spread the name of homecoming, and their feelings are evident. " Far away, with a Taihang cloud, handed it to Xia Feng? Because, knowing where Sun Qifeng is buried, but failing to insist, it is inevitable that he will be fascinated for thousands of miles. Nearly a thousand people will be buried to see the horse prints? The scene. What is "crying Mr. Zhang Haoan"? Hengmen Moon Cold Nest, Wind-dried Meadow in the Tomb? Memories of yesterday and imagination of the bleak scene of the cemetery. Is it in "China has a promotion under the chest"? Call Ru Shou for me. Tiger Claw has frost gold. Think of me as Jiuyuan Hao, and care about the birds in the field? Fantasy. This is a rare dream weaving in Gu's poems. Because there is no ambition in the world, ancient Yanwu thought of Ru Shou, the god of punishment in the underworld, and hoped that Ru Shou would push me to kill the demon bird in Tanaka with a sword. ? Tanaka bird? It should mean Manchu. In ancient poems, the hope of the underworld appeared, and they advocated practical application. It's hard to imagine, because of his disappointment with his colleagues? Because you know there's nothing you can do Or is it because of sober reality?
The emotion of mourning poems in the early and late period has changed. In the disappointment and helplessness of reality, the poems of mourning for friends in the later period added some imaginary words and added a decadent atmosphere.
Third, the world of adherents: spring breeze first, Shanwei?
? Colored pens wither in summer, fragrant bamboo, and spring breeze dies. . The adherents mourned one by one, and the article was not passed on, and Sven was destroyed. In the early days of the founding of the Qing Dynasty, adherents sharply questioned the legitimacy and rationality of Qing politics and refused to cooperate with the powerful. All the rationality expressed in their thoughts is based on their anger at the fate of the nation and their sorrow for the motherland. Gu has five books of phonology and records of Japanese knowledge, hoping to sort out the knowledge and ideological order and clean up the social order by reorganizing Confucianism. However,? Nationalist feelings, once the pillar of literati's spirit since the early Qing Dynasty, basically collapsed in the ruthless passage of time and severe criticism of power, and extreme nationalism lost its rationality. ? [32] The Huairou policy of the Qing Dynasty and the attack on the literary inquisition made the adherents in a difficult situation, and Gu changed from expecting to regain sight to expecting? Queen? Hope? Is there a king? . ? Meanwhile, exactly? Faith? And the change of self-expectation, though? Once something happens? 、? Restore the old things? Expectations are more specific, and? Waiting for the queen? 、? Is there a king? , it must be far and abstract? [33] Did Gu realize the profound abstraction of his goal?
Gu traveled to the north and south, making friends with poets from the north and south. You can see his footprints among the dead friends he mourned. Gui Zhuang is a close friend of Gu, a native of Kunshan, Jiangsu. Gu Tuguan is from Kunshan, Yang and Li Mo are from Wuxian, Pan and Wu Jiang are from Huating, Songjiang, living in Shaanxi, Cheng from Shandong, Sun Qifeng from Baoding, Hebei, and Zhang Haoan from Jiyang, Shandong. He founded several societies, Cheng Zeng joined the Fu Society, Gui Zhuang and Gu Zeng fought against the Qing soldiers together, and Zhang Haoan was taken care of? I am not as good as Zhang Jiruo, but I am an excellent teacher. [34]。 His dead friends used to have a wide influence among the adherents, but now they are all dead and lead a long and humiliating life.
Sun Zhengjun and Meng Dong were buried together in Xia Feng. When overseas Chinese lived in Taiyuan, they were not executed. In Wuzhong, there are people who spread the name of the alumni association, and their feelings are reflected in the words. Well, this is a bad idea, and it often haunts my mind? Is the most constant sigh in his later years:? If there is Xu Ruzi, a chicken will still run away. Among the students at that time, there was no shortage of hair? ? Although he compared himself to Xu Ruzi, he set off the secular society with Mao Rong. Vulgar is popular, but the exam is mediocre? . What did he feel? The name of the same club? That is to say, at the end of the Ming Dynasty, when Gu and Gui Zhuang founded a club, he was in a weak position. In the 19th year of Kangxi (1680), Gu was injured at the scene while passing through Huashan Mountain. He wrote "China has a bosom to push an official", and Gu Push an official has been dead for 33 years. I came to study the three dynasties, and I became ancient and modern? . Here? Shan Zhi? What happened? ? The more the stone barks, the sadder it gets. Lv Zhong was silent for a long time, but Gan Kun was deaf. ? Heaven and earth are deaf and dumb, and the lonely retired officials lay down their lives to die, although? Next, look at Cai Weizi. Can you still find the old alliance? However, there was no successor. ? Since then, Shandong has asked for three gifts. Who handed down the Kangcheng family law? ? Not only is the old alliance blurred, but even knowledge and etiquette will be lost. So what? I have no one to learn. How can I hope to learn from Zonglin? I only wish I could learn from Boyi. I would rather pass than be rude? . People living in a complex society have been observing festivals. Even if there are lessons from Zong Lin's ethics, how can they be distinguished? A gentleman declines, seeking only self-sufficiency. In the future, he will learn bo yi, preferring to be narrow-minded rather than follow the common people. ? Adherents phenomenon? Time? (also a restriction) is also reflected in? Not hereditary? . The Chinaman saw it here? Time limit? . ? [35] Have you seen this adherent? Time limit? ?
Gu's three nephews were all officials of the Qing Dynasty. In a letter to his nephew, he told his story as a monarch and minister. The so-called minister, doing things by the Tao, is unstoppable. My nephew has to say it three times, not mocking future generations, decadent and glorious. ? [36] In the letter, he told what he saw and heard, and told his nephew how to become a master. And good friend Cheng, once he fell down, he was also sad. In the helplessness of national subjugation, time has been indifferent to the pain of national subjugation, the measures of the new rulers have also calmed the people's hearts, and the firm resistance to the new dynasty has softened. After a long and arduous battle, Gu realized that there was nothing he could do, and the Ming Dynasty was gone forever. Since the new ruler is more popular with the people, what's the point of fighting against the Qing Dynasty and regaining sight? ? The fate of the adherents eroded by time in Time may be the most tragic aspect of it as a phenomenon. Is it time to explain the tragedy of the adherents? Fate? . ? [37]? That's true. Time? Deprive the adherents of the meaning of existence, not just let them? Stay? Failure, and make its survival foundation nihilistic. This is a cruel moral situation. ? [38]
Fourth, self-pity: Who knows that the wanderer is in the distance?
Gu mourned his old friend, but also mourned himself.
What do you think of the road to Japan? Some people have to change the reasons for the change of poetry. The written language of a generation has been inherited for a long time, and everyone is not allowed to speak this language. Today, it's been thousands of years, and it's still imitating the words of the ancients one by one, so it's poetry, okay? Therefore, if you don't like it, you will lose it as a poem, and if you like it, you will lose it as me. Du Li's poems are superior to those of the Tang Dynasty because they are not like, but they are not like. If you know this, you can talk with poetry. ? [39] here is not only against imitation, but also put forward? Poetry? With what? Me? The relationship. Gu has one? Me? Yes, so his feelings are sincere and profound.
In "Crying for Officials", there are? Am I dead, too Sentence, in "Crying Teacher Chen"? Why don't you come to Punan and I'll go to barren hills and north? Connect the death of a friend with your own experience. I often feel ashamed when mourning for my friends. Isn't Deng Bai's poem unsolved, but Feicai is ashamed of himself? ,? How embarrassing is friendship after ten years of old friends leaving spring? . When mourning an old friend in Jiangdong, with yourself? Cut and sing for a long time? The beginning of life. Five mourning poems can best reflect his sense of self-mourning.
Among the five "mourning", only the first one is an endorsement: who knows that the wanderer is far away and the boudoir next door is deep day and night. ? I feel guilty about my wife Anren Wang. The other four songs speak for themselves. The second song? The piano in the virtual hall is broken first, and the Millennium crane has not returned? Sigh Anren Wang's death, sigh that he has been gone for a long time. The third song is completely self-sighing: after 20 years of guest appearance at the border, sitting and sighing is also declining. Legend has it that thorns grow in the old garden, and you can get the first mountain in your life? ? Many years away from home, personnel metabolism. I heard that the graves in my hometown are covered with thorns, and I won't see them in my lifetime. Can I be buried in my hometown after I die? I've seen all my wanderings before, but can I rest in my homeland after I die? The first two sentences of the fourth song are the imagination of Anren Wang's funeral: Gu Zhen Maxiang is in Jiangcun, seeing off your six-year-old grandson. ? As if I saw the bleak scene when my wife was buried, the last two sentences were an affirmation of my adherence to integrity. Underground troubles the public, and there is a survivor. ? Gu summed up his determination as a believer with this poem. He refused to attract learned and talented poets in the Qing Dynasty, quit giving lectures and traveled north and south. There are fewer and fewer followers, and there are no successors. However, he insisted on the integrity of believers. The last song compares itself to a merry sheep. Who is more interested in breaking the machine when the sheep come to the old house? ? Gu blamed himself for being a pleasant goat, and his wife Anren Wang was his bosom friend. Even if I go back to my hometown, the man who broke the silk is gone. Is this nostalgia for Anren Wang or pity for yourself? The five or seven sentences are not so much mourning for Anren Wang as expressing his long-lost pain and his integrity as a adherent despite difficulties. What Gu read here is that he didn't live up to his mother's teachings and didn't change the integrity of the adherents until his death.
In Gu's poems, there is no anxiety of Ming adherents, and there is no confusion about their identity. He seems to be very firm and confident about anti-Qing and regaining sight. In a letter to a friend, he said: A natural hero must be appointed, for example, a person is in charge of his minister and an official gets a position. Today, it is our duty to save people and create peace for the world. Ren thought it was his duty to die, so when he died, his thoughts were not chaotic. He died a long time ago, but there is nothing he can do here. Now he has been born. Who dares to be lazy at work? ? [40] Is he interested? Our generation? Responsibility is so obligatory, but when? Our generation? When they were dying, was his determination and firmness still there? Through his mourning poems, we can see the other side of Gu's emotion. From Gu's 15 mourning poems, we can see the changes of his emotional world, and we can also see the bleak scene of the adherents' world when the Qing Dynasty strode forward. While mourning for his friends, Gu is also mourning for himself and a lost era.
[References]
[1] [33] [35] [37] [38] Zhao Yuan. A study of scholar-officials in Ming and Qing Dynasties [M]. Beijing: Peking University Publishing House, 1999. p 1，p377，p38 1，p373，p377 .
[2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [1] [12] .. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1998. p97，p 102，p 105，p 1 12，p620，p77 1，p809，p8 14，p830，p854，p856，p997，p 1000，p 1004，p 1032，p644 .
[17] [32] Ge Zhaoguang. The History of China Thought (Volume II) [M]. Shanghai: Fudan University Press, 200 1. p397，p389 .
[18][20][ Qing] Gu. Collection of Japanese Records (Volume 19? There are many literati) [m]. Shijiazhuang: Huashan Literature and Art Publishing House, 1990. p849 .
[19][ clear] gu. Collection of Japanese Records (Volume 2 1? Poetry doesn't have to be written by everyone. Shijiazhuang: Huashan Literature and Art Publishing House, 1990. p9 1 1 .
Wang Jimin. Interpret Gu's poems? Self-sorting [m]. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1998. p 1 .
[22][23][ Qing] Gu. Collection of Japanese Records (Volume 2 1? Calligraphy poetry) [m]. Shijiazhuang: Huashan Literature and Art Publishing House, 1990. p933 .
[24][ Qing] Gu. Collection of Japanese Records (Volume 19? Words deceive people) [m]. Shijiazhuang: Huashan Literature and Art Publishing House, 1990. p849，p852 .
[25][27][ Qing] Gu. Collection of Japanese Records (Volume 2 1? The ancients did not use cross [m] in rhyme. Shijiazhuang: Huashan Literature and Art Publishing House, 1990. p9 13 .
[26][ Qing] Gu. Collection of Japanese Records (Volume 2 1? There are many useful rhymes [m] in the Five Classics. Shijiazhuang: Huashan Literature and Art Publishing House, 1990, p9 14.
[28][ Qing] Gu. Collection of Japanese Records (Volume 2 1? Secondary rhyme) [m]. Shijiazhuang: Huashan Literature and Art Publishing House, 1990. p930 .
[30][ Han Wei] Cao Cao. Translation notes of Cao Cao Ji? Song Xing [m] Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1979. p 19 .
[3 1][ Song] edited by Guo Maoqian. Yuefu Poetry (Volume 30? Long song) [m]. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1979. p442 .
[34][ Qing] Gu. Gu's poems? Shi guang [m] Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1983. p 134 .
[36][ Qing] Gu. Gu's poems? Book with Gong Su [M]. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1983. p55 .
[39][ Qing] Gu. Collection of Japanese Records (Volume 2 1? Poetic style) [m] Shijiazhuang: Huashan Literature and Art Publishing House, 1990. p932 .
?
[40][ Qing] Gu. Gu's poems? The onset is related to the book of thistle gate [m]. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1983. p48 .