1, theme appreciation.
"Poetry, like all literary works, always reflects certain ideological content, expresses the author's views and attitudes, or recalls the past, or satirizes the present; Or homesick, or think of friends; Or the sadness of parting, or the joy of reunion; Or anger at poverty, or understanding of heroes; Or kill the enemy to protect the family, or live in seclusion in the mountains. Philosophy is an important appreciation point of philosophical poetry. Wang Zhihuan's "In the Heron Villa": "Go up a storey still higher, open up a horizon of three hundred miles", not only wrote the lofty revenge and tolerance, but also wrote the philosophy of life that only by standing high can we see far. Jia Dao left his last words: "How do you know the corner of the mountain? "Not only wrote a hermit's character, the poet has not seen his disappointment and admiration. It also leads to philosophical implication: when looking for something or truth, we often feel that it is nearby, but we can't grasp it and feel confused. Passionate patriotic feelings in poetry have been the eternal theme of the Chinese nation for thousands of years. In poetry appreciation, we should grasp it well. Meng Haoran's "A Letter from Dongting Lake to Premier Zhang" and Du Fu's "Lin Dongting" express the feelings of wanting to be introduced, while the latter expresses the high patriotic feelings after describing the scenery of Dongting.
2, the combination of reality and reality.
The theme of poetry is always expressed by some means, and emptiness is one of them. What is empty is to express one's will, but what is real is to describe the scenery. When appreciating, we should distinguish between what is virtual, what is real, and what is the result of the scenery, or whether it is lyrical by borrowing the scenery, touching the scene or blending the scenes. In Li Bai's "Wen Wang Changling Moves Left", "Huayang has prostrated himself, and Wendaolong has crossed five streams". Virtual writing has formed a model from reality to fiction. Gao Shi's "Don't Move Big" is also from scenery description to lyricism, with a clear pattern. Wang Wei's Song of the Acropolis, "The Acropolis is light and dusty, and the guest house is green and the willow color is new", although it also belongs to the description of scenery, it uses "the Acropolis", "the guest house" and "the willow color" to express the feelings of parting, thus forming a pattern of scene blending. li po
Grasp the image.
China's classical poems like to express their intentions with concrete images, such as "bright moon" to express homesickness, "folding willow" and "willow" to express parting, "floating clouds" and "Huang Yun" to express wanderers. Therefore, revealing the connotation of images is an important choice for poetry appreciation. Wang Zhihuan's "Why blame the willow for a strong flute, but the spring breeze is insufficient" refers to the favor of a powerful empire.
4. Set off and contrast.
There are various ways to describe this technique, some are called rendering, some are called dry clouds supporting the moon, and some are called positive contrast and negative contrast. Gao Shi's Biedongda set off the feeling of parting with the bleak scene of "Huang Yun is a thousand miles away in the daytime, and geese and snow are blowing in the north wind", while Wang Wei's Weicheng Qu set off the "bonus" with "light rain in Weicheng, green willows in the guest house" and "green mountains". Not only that, but also two sentences are set off like the following article "I have watched it again and again this spring, when is the year of returning home", expressing the poet's deep homesickness with music scenes. The narrative of historical events in poetry can also be regarded as a foil. The more detailed the historical facts, the deeper the irony. Li Bai's Visit to Vietnam and
5. Front and side.
In Wang Changling's lotus-picking song "Lotus skirt cuts one color, hibiscus opens two sides", the poet stood on the sidelines and described the beauty of lotus-picking girl leaning on her face and opening two sides, thus writing the beauty of lotus-picking girl blushing. The description angle is excellent. Gao Shi's "In addition to the night" "The hotel is cold and sleepless. Why do guests turn to their hometown for thousands of miles tonight?" Express your thoughts for your relatives in your hometown. Wang Wei's "knowing where a brother climbs a mountain from a distance, there is a lack of one person everywhere" actually expresses his thoughts for all brothers by counting the number of people climbing the mountain and the lack of people.
6. Use of allusions.
The use of allusions not only makes poetry elegant and neat, but also makes poetry obscure. Therefore, it is the responsibility of poetry connoisseurs to analyze the source and significance of allusions and make poetry clear. Liu Yuxi used two allusions, Xiang Embroidery's Thinking of Old Fu in the Biography of Xiang Embroidery in the Book of Jin and Wang Zhi's Going Out of the Mountain. Du Mu said, "The business women don't know the hatred of national subjugation."
7. Refine words and sentences.
Ancient poetry pays special attention to the accuracy and conciseness of words and sentences, such as Li Bai's "Deliberating" and "Going out", Du Fu's "Green hills on both sides of the strait are facing each other, sailing alone", "steaming" and "shaking", as well as "A fog in Yunmeng Valley once trapped Yueyang City", Wang Anshi's "Qing" and "When will the bright moon shine on me". What's more, the word "noisy" has been prominent throughout the ages. Ancient literati especially liked to use a series of words to shape a certain artistic conception. When Kong took the stage in Peach Blossom Fan, he used the words "residual", "abandoned", "thin" and "empty" to create a desolate atmosphere after the battle. Wang Wei's "The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen"
8. Choice of rhetoric
Figures of speech such as antithesis, quotation, metaphor, personification, exaggeration and pun are often used in poetry, and sometimes other expressions are used, such as antithesis, allusion, comparison and empathy. "Where you cry, the lonely bird sings sorrow" and "Huai Shui Dong Old Moon, Late at night over the female wall" are all empathetic. "A few early warblers compete for warm trees, and whose new swallow pecks at spring mud",
9. Other special forms of poetry.
For example, in the national college entrance examination in 2002, Li Bai's poem "Smelling the flute in Los Angeles on a Spring Night" was used to examine the examinee's extraction and grasp of the poetic eye. In the national college entrance examination in 2003, Wang Wei's poem "Crossing Ji Xiang Temple" was tested as "swallowing" and "cold". For example, the word order arrangement, some poems have changed the word order for some expression needs. When you understand, you should adjust your recovery. For example, "Old Phoenix Branch perched on the Wu Bi River" should be understood as "Old Phoenix Branch perched on the Wu Bi River". For example, the combination of ellipsis and jumping, "the old vines are faint, the bridges are flowing, and the old roads are thin", "the chickens crow under the moon in Maodian, and the frost on the barren slab bridge" constitutes a special effect. For example, there is a unique sentence, 1998.
In short, the choice of appreciation points is of great significance to the appreciation of poetry. However, the determination of appreciation points must be based on the poetry material itself, and the most important points should be selected.