Don? Du Fu
It is almost as difficult for friends to meet each other as the stars in the morning and evening. Tonight is a rare event, and this lamp is candlelight.
Two men who were young not long ago are now gray at the temples. It shocked us to find that half of our friends had died, which made us sad.
We didn't expect that it would be twenty years before I could come to see you again. You were unmarried when I left, but now these boys and girls are in a row.
They were very kind to their father's old friends. They asked me where I went during the trip. They brought me wine and vegetables before they could answer questions.
Spring chives are cut in the night rain, and brown rice is cooked fresh in a special way. My host announced that it was a festival, and he urged me to drink ten cups.
But what kind of ten glasses of wine can make me so drunk, because your love is always in my heart. . The mountains will separate us tomorrow. Who can say for sure after tomorrow? .
Make an appreciative comment
In 758 AD, Du Fu was demoted as the secretariat of Huazhou to join the army for helping to save the government. In March of the following year, Du Fu returned to Huazhou from Luoyang and visited his young friend Wei Ba Chu Shi in Fengxian County. In troubled times, gathering and parting are in a hurry, and a sense of vicissitudes arises spontaneously.
The poet first got excited in surprise-"Tonight is a rare event, * * * this candle". The poet thinks that life is once in a blue moon, just like a person participating in a business star. Now it is a great surprise to meet a bosom friend. The author can't help but sigh: what day is this evening, so beautiful, to meet you again and talk by candlelight! This sentence "Tonight is rare" comes from The Book of Songs? Tang style? Save for a rainy day, "See this lover tonight" describes a woman who is so happy to see her lover that she forgets what day it is for a while, so that she gently asks questions. Du Fu described his excessive inner joy here. Although these two sentences are plain words, ordinary things and ordinary feelings, there are infinite situations, which fully show the beauty of the poet's expression.
The intimate old feelings, homeliness, homeliness and eloquence between old friends show the sense of "communication" and "difficulty" that ordinary people have only in troubled times. The poet is sincere and orderly, which is different from most of Du Fu's poems characterized by depression and frustration, and is close to the simple style of Han and Wei poetry.
Extended reading: Du Fu's poems
Du Fu's poem "There are Sixty Volumes" has long been lost. In the second year of Baoyuan in the Northern Song Dynasty (1039), Wang Zhu collected 1405 volumes and compiled them into 18 volumes, which was named "Du Gongbu Collection". Qian edited The Collection of Du Gongbu. Yang Lun said: "Since the Six Dynasties, Yuefu imitated plagiarism, and Chen Xiangyin was the most disgusting. When Zi Mei came out, she felt what she felt at that time. When she went to Benjamin, she was in trouble. The people there were very poor. She asked questions at random, trying to get rid of the stereotypes of her predecessors.
Du Fu's middle-aged poems are called "the history of poetry" because of his gloomy poetic style and feelings of worrying about the country and the people. His poems are good at antique and rhythmic poems, and have various styles. He accurately summed up his work style with the words "depressed and frustrated", mainly focusing on depression. Du Fu lived in the historical period from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty. Most of his poems involve social unrest, political darkness and people's sufferings. His poems reflected the social contradictions and people's sufferings at that time. His poems recorded the historical changes of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, and expressed the lofty Confucian spirit of benevolence and strong sense of hardship, so they were called "the history of poetry". Du Fu is concerned about the country and the people, with noble personality and exquisite poetic skills. Du Fu wrote more than 1500 poems in his life, many of which are famous works that have been celebrated through the ages, such as Three Officials and Three Farewells. Among them, the "three officials" are Shi Haoguan, Xin 'an official and Tongguan official, and the "three farewell" are newly married, homeless and resigned. Du Fu's poems handed down from generation to generation are the most extensive in the Tang Dynasty, and he is one of the most outstanding poets in the Tang Dynasty, which has a far-reaching influence on later generations. Du Fu's works are known as the scars of the world and the sages in poetry. The people are in poverty, and the bottom of the pen is turbulent. It is a masterpiece of realistic poetry.
Rhyme plays an extremely important role in Du Fu's poems. The achievement of Du Fu's metrical poems lies in expanding the scope of expression of metrical poems. He not only writes about entertainment, nostalgia, travel, banquets and landscapes with his poems, but also writes about current events with his poems. It is difficult to write current affairs with metrical poems, but Du Fu can use them freely. Du Fu writes metrical poems freely, changes as much as he can, conforms to the law without seeing the shackles of metrical poems, and is in neat opposition without seeing the traces of antithesis. For example, there is such a poem in Yang Lun's Ascending the Mountain, which is called "The Seven-character Law of Du Ji": "There is a flurry in the sky, apes crow and birds crow, blue lakes and white sands, and birds crow at home. The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably. Li in the sad autumn scenery, a wanderer all the year round, lives alone on the high platform in today's illness. Bad luck has a bitter frost on my temples, and heartache and fatigue are a thick layer of dust in my wine. " The whole poem is also very precise and elegant in tonal sentence patterns. Eight sentences are all right, so is the first sentence. Strict antithesis is concealed by the fluency of the image, and strictness becomes sparse.
Extended reading: literary characteristics
language
In terms of language, Du Fu's poems are generally regarded as "gloomy", with rich changes in language and text structure, and emphasis on wording and sentence making. The word "depressed" was first seen in the Southern Dynasties, which means "the body is depressed and thoughtful, and the sun and the moon are beautiful". Later, Du Fu wrote the word "depressed and frustrated", which accurately summarized the language of his works. "As for depression and frustration, he is always agile, while people in Yang Xiong and Gomez are ordinary." A further study of Du Fu's poems shows that the formation of his poetic style is closely related to his adherence to Confucianism. At the same time, Du Fu was at the end of his heyday. When he was young, he was ambitious. "When you climb to the top, you will see that other mountains are short under the sky." . Later, the Anshi Rebellion broke out, the national movement declined and the official career was unlucky. The great gap between ideal and reality has also caused great changes in Du Fu's poetic style, approaching realism.
picture
The individualization of image selection in Du Fu's poems is the basis of his language. The images that often appear in Du Fu's poems, such as ancient blockhouses, autumn clouds, apes whistling, broken torches, steep gorges, defending the world, solitary boats, fallen flowers, sunset and other natural landscapes, as well as ordinary people such as weaver girls, old women, old farmers and wives, as well as powerful forces such as officials, generals and villains, all show Du Fu's urgent mood of "saving the world and helping the people" and his spearhead to confuse Gan Kun. The evaluation of Du Fu's later poems in Wu Ling's Poems Around the Stream: "Yang opens and Yin closes" says: "Only the meaning is far-reaching, and the next sentence is unknown". Wu Ling added: "When a mortal writes a poem, he only says one thing in one sentence, but he says two more. Du Fu's poems can say three, four or five things in one sentence; Ordinary people write poetry, which is far less than dozens of miles in front of them. Du Fu's poem can be said to be a hundred miles, two armies and States, and the world is wonderful. "
style
As far as style is concerned, Du Fu's poems are diverse in style. Yuan Zhen's evaluation of Du Fu is: "As for the beauty of the son, it is called frivolous and coquettish. At that time, Shen Song seized Su Li and swallowed Cao Liu, hiding his face and thanking him for his loneliness. He was beautiful and beautiful, which was unique in ancient and modern times." Qin Guan also has a similar view: "So Du Zimei people are poor and expensive, extremely luxurious, full of diluted interest, delicate and clean, and have the beauty of algae, which is beyond the reach of other families." However, if you don't gather the strengths of many families, Du can't be immune. "For example, Du Fu also has a wild and unruly side, and Du Fu's heroism can be seen from his masterpiece" Singing the Eight Immortals ". The mainstream view holds that Du Fu's poems are gloomy in style, refined in language, rigorous in meter, skillful in craftsmanship, sincere in feelings, elegant in speech, profound in description, delicate and touching, and vivid in image. "Elaborating beautiful sentences for human nature and gushing" is his creative style. "As far as the narrative style and discussion style of Du Fu's poems are concerned, some scholars think that it is influenced by The Book of Songs Xiaoya, and his elegy and generosity are similar to Li Sao. Some scholars believe that Du Fu's poems have the traditional spirit of benevolent government and the spirit of Sima Qian's record. There are also views that Du Fu's poems have "humanitarian spirit". Han Yu, a great writer in the Tang Dynasty, once compared Du Fu and Li Bai, saying, "Du Li's articles are endless. Wang Anshi praised Du Fu's poem "Ugliness and beauty are so different, but how to carve them". Chen Shan's "New Theory on Qin Tick" Volume 7: "Old Du Fu's poems should be six classics in poetry, while others' poems are philosophers". Jiang Shiquan's Collection of Zhongyatang, the first volume, Preface to the Collection of Du Fu's Poems, is also called "Du Fu's Poet, Four Books in Poetry".