Xi Anming City Wall is located in the central area of Xi, Shaanxi Province, with a height of 12m, a top width of 12- 14m and a bottom width of 15- 18m, which is a closed rectangle with a perimeter of13.74km. The famous Xi Bell and Drum Tower is located in the center of the ancient city. The following is my collection of essays by Xi 'an City Wall Tour Guides, for your reference.
Xi An City Wall Guide (1) Xi An people always call the place inside the city wall a city, and those around the city wall are called citizens. This sounds strange and unreliable! But every time I stare at the thick blue bricks on the wall, it still shocks the heaviness and glory of history! Is a wall separating people or regions? Mr. Qian Zhongshu's phrase "People in the city want to go out, people outside the city want to go in" is a daydream of fabricating emotional stories in the closet, or a portrayal of Wu Zixu's despair that he can't get out of the city gate. History is always so rough and confusing!
In A.D. 1369, when Xu Da, a general of the Ming Dynasty, entered Shaanxi from Shaanxi, he changed the original Fengyuan Road to xi 'an Mansion, which meant "long-term stability in the west", thus opening the rule of the Ming Dynasty in xi 'an and opening the curtain for the Ming Dynasty to build a city wall in Xi 'an. Because Xi 'an has a high political and military position in history, the Ming Dynasty paid more attention to the construction of Xi 'an city wall in the process of building the city wall throughout the country. The Xi 'an city wall we see today was built in the "wall-building fever" of the Ming Dynasty. It was also built on the site of the imperial city in the Tang Dynasty. From the third year of Hongwu (1370) to the eleventh year of Hongwu (1378), it took eight years to complete the construction of Xi 'an city wall, with magnificent architectural style, excellent functional design and rectangular city shape. The newly-built city wall is roughly equivalent to the imperial city in the Tang Dynasty, with a width of about 2.5 kilometers from north to south and a length of about 3.5 kilometers from east to west. The total length of the city wall is 13.74 km, and the north-south city wall is slightly longer than the east-west city wall, but the height is still 12 m. Every 120 meters on the wall, there is an enemy platform that protrudes from the wall 12 meters, commonly known as "horse face", which is roughly equivalent to the "land of an arrow" of ancient bows and arrows (about 120 steps). In this way, the two enemy platforms can be horns of each other and shoot the enemies who climb the wall and attack the city from the side. Xi An City Wall * *
The walls of Xi have three lines of defense. The first one is a moat, and there is a suspension bridge on the river. When the suspension bridge is pulled up, it cuts off the connection between the city and the outside world. The second line of defense is the gate tower next to the moat, which is responsible for pulling up the suspension bridge and forming an "urn" with the watchtower behind it, forming a third line of defense-if the gate is breached and enemy soldiers flood in, it can form a trend of "catching turtles in an urn" here and annihilate the enemies entering the city. Today's Ming City Wall was built on the original basis, and it is also the best preserved ancient city wall in China. After war and construction, the ancient city wall of Wuchang has been completely demolished. The wall system outside the Forbidden City in Beijing only has a few relics such as Qianmen Tower, and of course there are relatively complete ancient walls such as Jingzhou and Xiangfan, but it feels very small. When you see the grand and well-preserved wall of Xi 'an, a thousand-year-old ancient capital, it's really rare!
However, the ancient city walls of Xi 'an have been repeatedly destroyed. 1936 Longhai Railway was built in Xi 'an. Xi people think that trains are a kind of civilization, so they let the city walls make room for the railway station. Xi 'an's old railway station is embedded in the wall a little west of Shangdemen, forming a gap. 1958:Xi 'an blew the wind to tear down the city wall. The government asked some old cultural relics, "What's the use of staying in feudal castles?" The news of the demolition of the city wall spread like wildfire. The stacked bricks on the wall of Xi 'an were stripped off almost overnight, as if peeling off a layer of skin. The most serious thing is that the outsourcing bricks in the west section of Chengnan City wall were actually demolished by middle schools in an organized way, but such behavior is considered as building a new Xi. After hitting a wall, several cultural relics experts from the Museum of Literature and History dared to cross the Shaanxi provincial government and send a telegram to the State Council in the name of the Shaanxi Provincial Cultural Relics Management Committee, asking the State Council to intervene. Xi 'an City Wall has experienced many vicissitudes: the four-door gate building and the suspended building were demolished in the late Qing Dynasty, the main building of the North Gate was destroyed by the Revolution of 1911, and the South Gate Arrow Tower was burned down by 1926. During the Anti-Japanese War, the city wall was dug 199 1 hole. After 1949, four watchtowers, 98 enemy towers, 1 kuixing tower, a large number of battlements and parapets were destroyed one after another. ...
Today's ancient city wall was restored in 1984 by Xi municipal government in line with the principle of "repairing the old as before". On the wall near each city gate, there is a small stone tablet engraved with the troops that were cast at that time. The watchtower stands tall and colorful flags fly. Seen from the top of the city wall, it is actually a brick road around the city, about 15 meters wide. There are many tourists, some by battery car, some by bike. There are blue eyes and white skin, and there are also black skin and white teeth, which are full of fun. The door is shaded by trees and the river is clear. A "park around the city" has been built along the outside of the city wall, which has become the best place for urban residents to do morning exercises. It is also the only park around the city in China. Its magnificent and colorful scenery adds infinite scenery to the ancient city. In the morning, birds are singing and flowers are fragrant here, and people are doing morning exercises everywhere; And at night, it is brightly lit, and a string of red lanterns makes the old city wall more beautiful and charming.
Xi An City Wall Guide (II) An City Wall in Ming Xi, China. In Xi city, Shaanxi province. It was built in the 3rd to 11th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1370 ~ 1378), and was expanded on the basis of Chang 'an Imperial City in Tang Dynasty and Fengyuan City in Yuan Dynasty. Originally a rammed earth wall, Qin Ming Governor Zhang Zhi wrapped bricks outside the rammed earth wall for the first time in a long period (1567 ~ 1572). During the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty (1736 ~ 1795), Bi Yuan, the governor of Shaanxi Province, carried out large-scale maintenance and reinforcement, thickened the retaining wall, laid the ridge, and added drainage ditches and battlements. The perimeter of the city wall is 13.75km, which is the largest existing city wall in China. 196 1 year, People's Republic of China (PRC) * * * and the State Council were declared as national key cultural relics protection units.
According to documents, the western wall and the southern wall of Xi 'an City in Ming Dynasty were all expanded by the wall of the former imperial city in Tang Dynasty, while the eastern wall and the northern wall were expanded and newly built. The ruins of the Tang Dynasty city walls and gates were found in the western and southern walls. The city wall is rammed with loess. The city walls built in the Ming Dynasty were rammed by layers of loess such as lime, fine sand, wheat straw and grass residue, and the rammed layer was 10 ~ 12 cm thick. The wall is 12m high, 16 ~ 18m wide at the bottom and 12m wide at the top. There are three layers of blue bricks on the top of the wall, and every 40 ~ 60 meters, there is a brick chute and spout. In the city, in addition to the four doors on the left, there are six horse paths. There are female walls around the inner wall of the city wall, and there are 5984 cribs on the outer wall. There are 98 horse faces around the outer wall of the city wall. The horse face is out of the wall 1 1m, with a width of 20m. The distance between horse faces is 120m, which is just within the range of bows and arrows and ware.
There is a corner platform (building) protruding from the city wall at each of the four corners of the city. Except for the corner platform in the southwest city, the other three are square. According to the excavation, this rounded platform was built in Yuan Dynasty. When Xi City was expanded in the Ming Dynasty, it was preserved because the southwest corner did not move. There is a gate on each side of the city wall, named Changle in the east, Anding in the west, Yongding in the south and Anyuan in the north. An urn was built outside the city gate, and a building was built on the city gate. The gatehouse has three floors: the main building, the Arrow Tower and the gatehouse. The gatehouse and the surrounding city walls were demolished in the early years of the Republic of China, and there are 6 main buildings and arrow towers. Except that there is no doorway under the South Arrow Tower (the doorway is opened from the left and right sides of Wengcheng), the other three Arrow Towers pass through the doorway respectively. The height and width of the entrance are 6m, and the depth is19.5m. The main building is a heavy building with seven rooms wide, two rooms deep and 36m high. Three eaves rest on the top of the mountain, surrounded by cloisters, and the downstairs and seats are used for fighting. The archway is mainly made of blue bricks, with eleven rooms wide, two rooms deep and 33.4 meters high. It rests on the top of the mountain, with a single eave and four layers of arrow windows on the front, each with 12 holes, totaling * * *. There are two eaves on the back of the building, both of which are used, and there is an eaves gallery below. The moat outside the city is 20m wide and10m deep. 1983, the city wall was completely renovated.
First of all, I would like to give you a brief introduction of Xi 'an Ancient City Wall, also known as Xi 'an Ming City Wall. It is located in the central area of Xi, Shaanxi Province, with a height of 12m, a top width of 12- 14m, a bottom width of 15- 18m and a closed outline. People in the city wall used to call it the ancient city area, with an area of 1 1.32 square kilometers. The famous Xi Bell and Drum Tower is located in the center of the ancient city.
Please follow me closely and don't fall behind. In front of us is the gate of the city wall. There are four doors like this: Changle Gate (East Gate) in front of us; Yongning Gate (South Gate); Andingmen (West Gate) and Anyuanmen (North Gate). As the original gates of the Ming city wall, their four gates were single-door caves because of the military and national defense needs at that time, and three walls were built, thus forming Wengcheng between the two walls. So far, except Yongning Gate, there are only two walls left in the other three gates.
Ok, this is the time for everyone to have free activities. Please meet here in an hour.
At the end of this visit, thank you for your support to my work. Thank you. I wish you good health and all the best. See you later.
Xi' an city wall guide (4) Everyone must want to know what the real meaning of the city wall is. The word "city wall" originally came from the word "city". According to Shuowen, the word "city" is a general term for "sheng" and "sheng" is for the people, so the original meaning of the word "city" is that the land surrounds the people and becomes a country, which leads to the meaning of the city wall. Known as the backbone of the Chinese nation, the "city" of the Great Wall in Wan Li means the city wall. Only later, with the development of society, the word "city" contains the interpretation of today's city. The word "city" first appeared in Zhou Jin's writings, which vividly reflected the military use of the ancient city wall from the font. The military function of the city wall is to defend private ownership. Ideologically, the size of the city wall is a strict embodiment of the hierarchical patriarchal clan system. Obviously, the ruler built the city wall to protect himself and declare the state power. The Xi city wall we see now is one of the most famous city wall buildings in the history of China. It took eight years from the third year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (AD 1370), when Zhu Yuanzhang wrote a letter to repair the city, to the eleventh year of Hongwu (AD 1378). It was built on the basis of the imperial city, the capital of Sui and Tang Dynasties. After successive repairs, the appearance of the feudal city wall building has been basically maintained, which embodies the outstanding achievements of China ancient urban construction technology.
The scale and structural facilities of the city wall
Dear tourists, how big is the wall of Xi? What is its structure? According to the calculation, the circumference of Xi 'an city wall is 1 1.9 km, including 2590 m for the east wall, 263 1.2 m for the west wall, 344 1.6 m for the south wall and 324 1 m for the north wall. Such a scale is relatively rare at home and abroad.
You see a small town, and there is a guard door called urn outside the four doors of the city wall. The so-called urn means that once the enemy enters, they will be attacked from all directions on the wall of the urn, just like turtles in an urn, and they can't escape. Outside the urn, there is a small town guarding the urn, which was called Ma Yang Town in ancient times. In ancient times, gates were opened and closed at specific times. Those who haven't returned to the city after closing the city gate can take their own sheep and horses into Mayang City and Huancheng Park to rest and wait until the city gate is opened before entering the city. Mayangcheng in Xi was completely destroyed in the late Qing Dynasty. I remember that in 1986, about 17.5 meters outside the north gate of the barbican in Andingmen (West Gate), Xi City, the north side door of Ma Yang City was found, with a length of 5.5 meters and a width of 2.4 meters. Now you can see the restored Ma Yang Town outside Nanmen Wengcheng, with a wall length of198m and a height of 9.5m. ..
Outside the moat, there used to be four rammed earth cities guarding four gates, named Guo Cheng. According to Volume 9 of Xi An Zhou Zhi, during Tang Tianyou's reign, North Korea built Dongguo Town and Xiguo Town. Song, Jin and Yuan were all caused by it. When the city was expanded during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, most of the small towns in Dongguo were wrapped by big cities, and the new town in Dongguo was left outside the city. Records of Xiguo Town in the late Ming Dynasty. At present, there are only some remnants of the Guo Cheng city wall in the four passes, and its name is only on the place name of the country.
Now we come to the northeast of Xi city, which used to be Miyagi in Ming and Qing dynasties, referred to as the king city for short. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang named his second son the King of Qin, and ordered him to sit in Xi 'an to strengthen his control over the northwest. The whole city of the king of Qin was divided into two walls. The outer wall is called Xiaoqiang, all made of earth. The inner wall is called brick wall because the outside is made of blue bricks. After the Ming Dynasty, Xiao Qiang was destroyed. During the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, temples were built in Xi 'an, and most of the buildings of the Qin Palace were demolished, and the brick city was changed to the Eight Banners Teaching Ground. At present, there are only a few remains of rammed earth city in Qin Brick City.
When Xi 'an was built in the Ming Dynasty, there were four gates: Changle, Yongning, Anding and Anyuan. The name of the gate is engraved on the bluestone door outside Dacheng Gate. The building built at the gate of the big city is called the tower, also called the main building, and it is the command post of the commander of guarding the city. The building built on Wengchengmen Cave is called Arrow Tower, because there is an arrow window on the wall of the building, which was used for archery defense at that time. During the Republic of China, four city gates were opened, commonly known as Xiaosimen: Zhongshan Gate (Xiaodongmen), built to commemorate Sun Yat-sen, located at the eastern end of Dongxin Street; Don't screen the door (small south gate), it's at the southern end of Sifu Street today; Yuxiangmen (Xiaoximen), located at the western end of Lianhu Road, was demolished after liberation. Jiefangmen (small north gate), formerly known as Zhongzhengmen, is located at the northern end of Jiefang Road. It was built in Xi 'an Anlonghai Road when it was opened to traffic, and was demolished on 1952 due to the expansion of the railway station. After liberation, Xi 'an also opened a new city gate, with Jianguomen, Heping Gate, Wenchang Men Site Ruins, Zhuquemen and Hanguang Gate on the south wall. There is Suntech Gate on the north wall. There is a Chaoyang gate on the east wall.
As most tourists know, when Xi 'an City Wall was built in Ming Dynasty, there were 98 enemy towers, all of which were built with enemy towers. However, in 1982, the field investigation of Xi 'an City Wall Management Office found that none of those ancient enemy towers were left, and only some of them still had cornerstones. After that, the 12 watchtower was rebuilt in Xi 'an, with a brick-wood structure, a rest peak, two double eaves and cloisters around the bottom floor.
The ancient city wall facilities not only have watchtowers and arrow towers for military purposes, but also have Kuixing Tower as a sacrifice to Kuixing, the god who dominates the cultural movement. The Kuixing Tower in Xi 'an was built in the east of the South Gate Tower and was later destroyed by fire. Later, Kuixing Building was rebuilt on the original site, which is worth seeing.
A brand-new ancient city wall.
Dear visitors, after more than ten years of overall development, the ancient capital Xi has transformed the broken Ming city wall in the city center into a tourist attraction with distinctive characteristics around the city, which is rare at home and abroad. 1983, Xi started the largest-scale cultural relics protection and development since the founding of the People's Republic of China. By the end of 1997, the accumulated investment was 227 million yuan, which not only completely restored the city wall and filled in the cave of 1650, but also rebuilt four enemy towers, two turret towers, South Gate Moon City 1 seat, gatehouse 1 seat and suspension bridge/kloc-. Now, from the 14 restored horse track, we can see that the battlements with a length of13340m and the parapets with a length of11500m have all been restored. Standing on the top of the city 12 meters high, there is Zhong Nanshan in the south and Weishui in the north, facing each other from afar; Looking around, you can see the city outside the city. Bow and crossbow is also displayed in the city. Defense tools such as rolling stones, suspension bridges and ladders are set up at the gate for people to use and visit. More than 20 bridges have been built from the city wall to the river around the city. The green belt around the city between the river and the foot of the city has become the largest green park in Xi 'an, with wooden houses, antique pavilions, poems and sculptures.
Dear visitors, the development of Xi 'an ancient city wall has been highly praised by Chinese and foreign people: in the past, the ancient city wall was regarded as a shackle that hindered the development of modern cities, but now it has become a beautiful wreath for the ancient city. Experts also commented that Hunan's excavation of Qin Shihuang's military forces realized the world miracle in one fell swoop; The maintenance of Anming City Wall in Xi 'an has also attracted worldwide attention. Since then, UNESCO experts have unanimously agreed to recommend it for inclusion in the World Heritage List.
As most tourists know, when Xi 'an City Wall was built in Ming Dynasty, there were 98 enemy towers, all of which were built with enemy towers. However, in 1982, the field investigation of Xi 'an City Wall Management Office found that none of those ancient enemy towers were left, and only some of them still had cornerstones. After that, the 12 watchtower was rebuilt in Xi 'an, with a brick-wood structure, a rest peak, two double eaves and cloisters around the bottom floor.
The ancient city wall facilities not only have watchtowers and arrow towers for military purposes, but also have Kuixing Tower as a sacrifice to Kuixing, the god who dominates the cultural movement. The Kuixing Tower in Xi 'an was built in the east of the South Gate Tower and was later destroyed by fire. Later, Kuixing Building was rebuilt on the original site, which is worth seeing.
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