Zhao She, born and died in an unknown year, was named Ma Fujun. He was a famous soldier of Zhao at the end of the Warring States Period and one of the eight generals in the Warring States Period. He mainly lived between the King Wuling of Zhao (324-299 BC) and the King Cheng Xiao of Zhao (265-245 BC), and was about 60 years old. In the 19th year of King Huiwen (the first 280 years), Zhao She was appointed as a general and entered the military ranks. He led troops to capture Maiqiu (now the northwest of Shanghe County, Shandong Province) and began his early military career. 270 years ago, Qin Jun sent heavy troops to besiege Wei Xiao (now heshun county, Shanxi). The Prince of Zhao appointed Zhao She as the general, led the army to clear the gap, defeated Qin Jun, and became famous in World War I ... This service made Qiang Qin, a vassal of Wei, suffer the greatest setback. After many years, he still dared not act rashly for fear of repeating the same mistakes. King Huiwen of Zhao named Zhao She as Ma Fujun, who was on an equal footing with Lian Po and Lin Xiangru, and was listed as one of the eight famous countries in the East by later generations. As an excellent soldier, Zhao She has a noble character. He doesn't follow personal feelings, "points don't ask family matters", and has deep feelings for foot soldiers, and all soldiers are willing to work for him. In the battle, he enforced the law like a mountain, with clear rewards and punishments, and used troops like gods. Therefore, he brought out an invincible force. Cao Cao once said, "Zhao She and Dou Ying, both suffering generals, took money and goods. Once they are dispersed, they can make great contributions to the economy, which will be eternal. " . When I read his article, I already admired him as a man. "Visible deep influence on later generations.
However, such a heroic star gave birth to Zhao Kuo, the black sheep who only knew how to talk on paper, and finally ruined Zhao. Zhao Kuo, also known as the groom, was familiar with the art of war under the influence of his father Zhao She when he was young. He was eloquent, but he had no actual combat experience. In the sixth year of Zhao's reign (260 BC), Zhao replaced Lian Po with Zhao Kuo as general. After taking office, he changed from defending to attacking, and took the initiative to lead the troops to attack Changping (now northwest of Gaoping, Shanxi Province) surrounded by Qin Jun. During this period, he organized many breakthroughs, but failed. After being besieged for 46 days, Zhao Kuo was shot and killed by Qin Jun when he broke through. More than 400,000 soldiers of Zhao were forced to surrender, and all of them were trapped and died by General Qin. This campaign is the famous battle of Changping.
Zhao Kuo's defeat ruined the lives of more than 400,000 soldiers, ruined the future of Zhao, and made him a laughing stock. His deeds became the idiom "On paper". The huge difference between father and son is heartbreaking!
2. Ying Zheng and Hu Hai.
Qin Shihuang (259 BC-2 BC10) was the first founding emperor of the Qin Dynasty to unify China. Won the surname, Zheng Ming. In the first 246 years, he became king at the age of 13, because the queen mother and prime ministers Lv Buwei and Lao Ai were in charge of state affairs at a young age. In the first 238 years (the ninth year of the King of Qin), the King of Qin ruled personally, getting rid of Lu, Mao and others, and reusing Lisi and Mao. From 230 BC to the first 22 1 year, the six countries of Korea, Wei, Chu, Yan, Zhao and Qi were destroyed successively, thus completing the great cause of reunifying the whole country and establishing the first unification. After reunification, the title of "emperor" was established, and it was called the first emperor. Although his tyranny has been criticized by historians and later generations, his great historical achievements are beyond doubt, and he is called "an emperor through the ages".
Qin Ershi won Hu Hai (230-207 BC) and reigned in 209-207 BC. He is the youngest son of Qin Shihuang. With the help of his teacher, Zhao Gao, he contacted Li Si, the prime minister, tampered with the imperial edict of Qin Shihuang, killed his younger brother Fu Su and ascended the throne. During his reign, he wantonly killed his brother ministers, which aggravated the development of Qin Shihuang's tyranny, triggered a peasant uprising, and finally led to the demise of the Qin Dynasty. Qin Ershi is a fatuous man. Zhao Gao, the powerful minister who "refers to a deer as a horse", took the opportunity to control the state affairs, and later even forced Qin Ershi to commit suicide. After Qin Ershi died, he was buried as a civilian. Before long, the Qin Dynasty perished.
3. Liu Bang and Liu Ying
Liu Bang (256 BC-65438 BC+095 BC) was an emperor of the Han Dynasty. He was open-minded and generous. He first took part in the uprising led by Chen Sheng and Guangwu, and later joined the camp of Chu. And another general, Xiang Yu, took the lead in attacking Xianyang, Qin Dou, to destroy Qin in a tug-of-war with Qin Jun, and was sealed by Xiang Yu, the overlord of Chu. Taking Shu as the base, they launched a four-year battle between Chu and Han with Xiang Yu. With the help of Sean, Han Xin and Xiao He, Liu Bang finally surrounded Xiang Yu's army and laid an ambush on all sides. Xiang Yu failed to break through and committed suicide in Wujiang River. After Liu Bang destroyed Xiang Yu, he unified China and established the Han Dynasty. Since then, the Chinese empire has been geographically unified, laying the foundation for its future strength. * * * evaluated Liu Bang as a "brilliant politician"; Yue Se Toynbee, a famous western historian, thinks that he is one of the two great emperors with the greatest foresight and influence on later generations in human history.
Liu Ying (2 13- 188), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the second emperor of the Western Han Dynasty (194- 188). He was the eldest son of Liu Bang, the founding emperor of the Han Dynasty, and his mother Lv Zhi reigned for seven years. 195 ago, Emperor Gaudi died of injuries in the war to pacify Ying Bu, and Liu Ying succeeded Emperor Hui of Han Dynasty. After Hui Di ascended the throne, he implemented "benevolent government", reduced taxes, and promoted the sage Cao Can as prime minister. The politics was relatively clear and the society was very stable. However, Hui Di was indecisive and weak. In his later years, he was bound by his mother Lv Hou everywhere, and finally died of depression. He was only 24 years old and was buried in Anling. After Hui Di's death, Lv Hou spent eight years under dictatorship.
4. Liu Bei and Liu Chan
Liu Bei (16 1-223), Emperor Zhaolie of Han Dynasty, was born in Zhuo Jun County (now Zhuoxian County, Hebei Province), a descendant of Liu Sheng, the son of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty, and was the founding king of Shu and Han during the Three Kingdoms period. My family was poor when I was a child. I used to make a living by selling shoes and knitting mats. In the last years of Emperor Lingdi of the Eastern Han Dynasty, together with Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, he made some achievements in the yellow turban insurrectionary thief, so he became the county commandant of Anxi village. The secret punishment of Cao Cao failed, and he escaped. Three visits to the thatched cottage began with Zhuge Liang's assistance. Later, he defeated Cao Cao in Chibi with Sun Quan, won Yizhou and Hanzhong, and became the king of Hanzhong. In 22 1 year, he proclaimed himself emperor in Chengdu, with the title of Han and Zhangwu. After Wu Dong was defeated and suffered heavy losses, he returned to Baidicheng and died at the age of 62. Emperor Zhaolie of posthumous title was known as Liu in history. In history, Liu Bei can hardly be compared with Qin Huang Hanwu, Tang Zongsongzu and Genghis Khan, but judging from his good achievements in the troubled times of the Three Kingdoms, he should be a great hero in the Three Kingdoms era! He has great ambition, flexibility, willingness to work hard, cross the rubicon, relying on others to save energy, taking part in accidental amusement, friendship and affection, and other essential qualities for great achievements. Therefore, it was feared by Cao Cao, and when Mei Qing was cooking wine to discuss the heroes in the world, there was a famous assertion that "today's heroes in the world are only kings and fuck their ears".
Liu Chan, the son of Liu Bei, succeeded to the throne as the Emperor of Shu after Liu Bei's death. He was appointed Zhuge Liang and Jiang Wan in the military, but he did not show much. After Zhuge Liang and other wise ministers died one after another, they were unable to control state affairs, and eunuch Huang Hao began to monopolize power, and Shu gradually declined. After attacking Shu on a large scale, Wei surrendered, moved his family to Luoyang, named him an Le Gong, and died a few years later.
Later generations used the phrase "I can't help but fight" to satirize those mediocre and incompetent people. This sentence came from him and there is also the idiom "I don't want to make progress".
5. Yu Wenyong and Yu Wenyun
Yu Wenyong (543-578), Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, was born in Xianbei nationality and reigned from 560 to 578. Wuchuan (now Wuchuan, Inner Mongolia) was born. Yu Wentai's fourth son. In the second year of Jiande, Yu Wenyong established three religions, Confucianism first, Taoism second and Buddhism last. The following year, Buddhism and Taoism were banned, and Shamans and Taoists were also demoted to secularism, which was one of the three major sects that destroyed Buddhism in history. So that a large number of people occupied by temples began to pay taxes and serve the country. In the fourth year of Jiande, a few people, such as Yu Wenxian, the king of Qi, planned separately and decided to cut Qi. They personally led the army to besiege Jinyong City (now Luoyang, Henan Province) and returned to the division due to illness. The following year, he led the army to cut Qi and attacked Kepingyang (now Linfen, Shanxi). When I was defeated in the military siege of Jinyang (now southwest of Taiyuan, Shanxi), I was only exempted. Later, he listened to Yu Wenxin's suggestion of "surviving from death and winning from defeat" and finally conquered Jinyang. Six years, into the leaf, destroy the northern qi. Since then, it has owned the Yellow River Basin and the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. It laid the foundation for the later unification of the Sui Dynasty. Yuwen Yong was an outstanding master of minority talents in the history of our country. Unfortunately, he died young.
Yu Wenyun (559 -580), Emperor Xuandi of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, was named Ganbo, the eldest son of Emperor Yu Wenyong of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, and the fourth emperor of the Northern Zhou Dynasty (578 -579). He was in office for only one year when he was 22. He is a tyrannical and dissolute emperor. Before Yu Wenyun ascended the throne, his father, Emperor Wu, was very strict with him. He sent someone to monitor his words and deeds, and even severely punished him if he made a mistake. After the death of Emperor Zheng Xuan in the first year of the Han Dynasty (578), Yu Wenyun ascended the throne and indulged in debauchery. Finally, even the five queens stood side by side, decorated the palace wantonly, and punished them indiscriminately. He often sent cronies to monitor the words and deeds of ministers, and the situation in the Northern Zhou Dynasty gradually declined. Like the first year (579), Zen was located in the eldest son Yu, and died the following year at the age of 22. The year after his death, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty abandoned Jingdi (Yu) to stand on his own feet, renamed Sui, and the Northern Zhou Dynasty perished.
6. Sima Yan and Sima Zhong
Sima Yan (236-290), Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, whose name was Anshi, was the founding monarch of Jin Dynasty. In May 265, he was named King of Jin. After his death in August of the same year, he inherited the title of King Jin. In the same year, in 65438+February, Emperor Wei Yuan was forced to abdicate and became emperor, with the title of Jin. In 279 AD, Jia Chong, Yang Ji, Du Yuhe were ordered to attack the State of Wu. In March 280, Sun Hao surrendered, Sun Wu perished, and the separatist regime since the Yellow turban insurrectionary uprising was temporarily unified. Because Emperor Wu of Jin adopted a series of powerful economic measures, agricultural production increased year by year, the national tax revenue was abundant year by year, and the population increased year by year. Less than three years after Pingwu, the population of the whole country increased by10.3 million, and the scene of "prosperity of Taikang" appeared.
Sima Zhong (259 ~ 306), Emperor Hui of Jin Dynasty, reigned from 290 to 306, and was the second son of Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty. In the third year of Taishi (267), he became the Crown Prince, and in the first year of Taixi (290), he succeeded to the throne and was renamed Yongxi. Dementia was not controlled, and teacher Yang Jun got help first. The family killed Yang Jun and seized power. During the Eight Kings Rebellion, Sima Lun, the king of Zhao, usurped the throne and was imprisoned in Jinyong City as the emperor's father. Later, the kings took them hostage in turn, and they were humiliated like puppets. In the first year of Guangxi (306), Sima Yue, the king of the East China Sea, welcomed him back to Luoyang, which was said to be poisoned by Yue. Jin Huidi is a typical bad king in the history of China.
7. Li Shimin and Li Zhi
Li Shimin (599-649), who reigned for 23 years (627-649), was the second emperor of the Tang Dynasty, a great strategist, an outstanding politician, a famous calligrapher, poet, theorist and artist in the feudal society of China. In his twenty-three years in office, the country was prosperous, the society was stable, and the economy developed and prospered, which laid an important foundation for the prosperity after Kaiyuan. Later generations called his rule "the rule of chastity". Tang Taizong's Collection of Flying Grass is very famous, and poetry occupies an important position in the history of poetry. Tang Taizong wrote the famous music of the Qin King's broken battle array, and at the same time, there are quite a few descriptions of Tang Taizong's political theory in books such as Emperor Fan and Tang Yaohui.
Li Zhi (628 ~ 683), the ninth son of Emperor Taizong, was the mother of Emperor Wen Deshun. The writing is good. In 649, Emperor Taizong died, and Li Zhi succeeded Tang Gaozong at the age of 22. The following year (650) was changed to Yonghui. In the first four or five years, Gu Ming's ministers, Sun Chang Wuji and Chu Suiliang, managed state affairs. After the accession to the throne, Wu Zetian entered the palace in the name of Zhao Yi. Soon after, the abolished queen, Dai Wushi, Sun Chang Wuji and Chu Suiliang were all vilified. In the late Qing Dynasty (656 ~ 66 1), Emperor Gaozong was dazzled by strong winds, making it difficult to manage government affairs. Empress Wu Zetian can gradually master the affairs of state, and they are called "two saints" inside and outside the court. From then on, Wu Zetian became the real ruler, and Emperor Gaozong was in a relegated position. In December of the first year of Hongdao (683), Emperor Gaozong died. Buried in Ganling. Tang Gaozong is in poor health and his personality is weak. He is a typical mediocrity, which created an opportunity for Wu Zetian to usurp power.
8. Wang Jian and Yan Wang
Wang Jian (847-9 18) was the former emperor of Shu during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, and his reign was from 903 to 9 18 years. Word lamp diagram. Chen Zhou Xiangcheng (now Shenqiu, Henan) and Xuzhou Wuyang (now Wuyang West, Henan). When I was young, I made a living by slaughtering cattle, stealing donkeys and selling smuggled salt. Later, I joined the Zhongwu Army (governing Xuzhou, now Xuchang, Henan). Nuozong fled to Chengdu to avoid the Huang Chao Uprising Army, and Wudutou led the troops into Shu, and was named as an escort Wudutou, under the command of eunuch Tian. Zi Ling admitted that he was an adopted son. Later, it was divided into Shence Army. Eunuch Yang Fuguong was in charge of the imperial army and suspected Wang Jian, making him the secretariat of Bizhou (Yizhou). Wang Jian recruited the chiefs of Dong Xi, organized a team of 800 people, gradually expanded his territory and occupied the western and southern states of Chengdu. In the second year of Dashun (89 1), Chengdu was captured and Chen and Tian were killed. In the fourth year of Ganning (897), Pozizhou (Dongchuan Province) occupied the land of eastern and western Sichuan. Day after day (902) took Shannan West Road. In three years, Wang Jianwei was conferred the title of King of Shu in the Tang Dynasty. There is Hanzhong in Wang Jianbei and Three Gorges in the east, and the regime of Shu has a solid foundation. In the first year of Kaiping in Hou Liang (907), he proclaimed himself emperor in Chengdu, with the title of Shu, which was known in history. In the second year of Wucheng (909), Wang Jian awarded Yongchang Calendar. In the first year of Tianhan (9 17), the country name was changed to Han. The following year, the compound number is Shu. At that time, there was a war in the Central Plains, and most of the scholars went to Shu. Wang Jianmin knows nothing about books and likes to talk with the scribes. After the establishment of the former Shu, there was no large-scale war and the people were able to continue their production.
Wang Yan (899 -926 AD) and Wang Jianzi, the former ruler of Shu, ascended the throne in 9 18 AD and abdicated in 925 AD, respectively, and they reigned for seven years. Wang Yan was arrogant and extravagant, and built a palace to patrol the county, which consumed a lot of financial resources and increased the burden on the people. Empress dowager and toffee sold officials and titles, courtiers also paid bribes, and politics was very decadent. In the third year of Tongguang (925), Li sent troops to attack Shu in the later Tang Dynasty, Wang Yan fell, and the former Shu died. Later, Wang Yan was sent to Luoyang and killed at the age of 28.
9. Meng Zhixiang and Meng Chang
Meng Zhixiang (874 ~ 934), the founder of Shu in the Five Dynasties, was named Yin Bao. Xingzhou Longgang (now southwest of Xingtai, Hebei Province) is a native. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, when he proclaimed himself emperor, he stayed in Taiyuan. In the third year of Tongguang in the later Tang Dynasty (925), Li destroyed the former Shu and Meng Zhixiang was appointed as Chengdu Yin as our special envoy to give up. In the first month of the following year, Meng Zhixiang entered Chengdu. He appointed good officials, avoided exorbitant taxes and levies, settled down in Shu. In the third year of Changxing (932), Dong Zhang was killed in Dongchuan, and the land in Dongchuan was mine. The following year, Meng Zhixiang was appointed as our envoy to Dongchuan and Xichuan in the later Tang Dynasty, and made him King of Shu. In the first year of Yingshun in the late Tang Dynasty (934), he proclaimed himself emperor and was used by Gaozu. The country name is Shu, and the year name is Mingde. It is called Houshu in history and its capital is Chengdu. Died the same year.
Meng Chang (9 19 ~ 965), whose real name is Renzan, is Baoyuan. The third son of Meng Zhixiang, the great-grandfather of Houshu. The last emperor of Houshu (the second generation, reigned from 934 to 964) reigned for 3 1 year and was 47 years old. At the beginning of his reign, Meng Changjun made great efforts to govern, dressed simply, built water conservancy projects, attached importance to farming and mulberry, and implemented the policy of "sharing interest with the people". After that, Shu became strong and extended the territory of the north to Chang 'an. However, in the later period of his reign, he indulged in debauchery, ignored national politics, and lived a luxurious life. All the pots became treasures overnight, and they were called seven treasures drowning devices. State affairs are very corrupt. In 965 AD, in the thirtieth year of Zheng Guang in Houshu, under the command of general Wang Quanbin, the Song Dynasty defeated Houshu in two ways, and the Shu army and Song Jun fought outside the sword gate. It is imperative that the Shu army be wiped out, and the elite of the post-Shu army be wiped out. Song Jun surrounded the capital, Meng Changjun surrendered, and then Shu perished. After Meng Chang was captured, he was made a prefect of the school, a general of the secretariat, and the Duke of Qin, and lived in Bianjing. The following year, in 965, Meng Changjun died of depression (later poisoned by Song Taizong).
10, Li Wenzhong and Li Jinglong
Li Wenzhong (1339- 1384), a native of Xuyi, was a founding star of the Ming Dynasty and the nephew of Zhu Yuanzhang. /kloc-when his mother died at the age of 0/2, his father Li Zhen took him to Zhu Yuanzhang for adoption and changed his surname to Zhu. "History of Ming Dynasty" said that he was "quite learned" ... and learned the classics to make his poems handsome. At the age of 65,438+09, he became a general and defeated Zhang Shicheng, Pingzhe and Fujian. At the age of 28, Li was restored. During the Northern Expedition in the early Ming Dynasty, he went out to the fortress seven times and seized hundreds of eldest grandchildren, concubines, concubines, imperial secretaries and officials, as well as imperial seals and treasures from the Song and Yuan Dynasties. In the third year of Hongwu (1370), Cao Guogong was appointed to take charge of Zuodoudufu and imperial academy. Li Wenzhong is a decent man who dares to call a spade a spade. He was repeatedly reprimanded for earnestly urging Zhu Yuanzhang to kill less people and reduce eunuchs, so he died of depression. Taizu "eulogized King Qiyang, praised Jason Wu, and enjoyed the ancestral temple and the portrait hero temple, ranking third."
It's a pity that this famous soldier gave birth to a son of Zhao Guoshi. Li Jinglong Xiao Jiujiang, Wen Zhong Zi. In the 19th year of Hongwu (1386), he attacked Jue and took charge of the viceroy's mansion until Prince Taifu. Wen Jian ascended the throne and was trusted and valued. The prince rose up and Changxing Hou Geng Bingwen was defeated by. He replaced the general and led 500,000 soldiers to fight against Yan Bing. Ignorant of the art of war and arrogant, many veterans abandoned it and lost. The emperor thought that the power to appoint him was still light, and he was allowed to command 600,000 troops, which was defeated again. Yan Jun crossed the Yangtze River, and he was ordered to send a special envoy to Yan Jun, requesting to cede territory for peace. Yan Bing entered Jinchuan Gate, and he opened the door to meet the surrender. Chengzu acceded to the throne. He was appointed as a government official, pushed as, and appointed as Dr. Jinguanglu, left as. A great event happened in the imperial court, and he led the discussion, and the crowd was furious. In the second year of Yongle (1404), the king of Zhou and his ministers repeatedly impeached him for plotting, and he was placed under house arrest, and Yongle died.
In ancient China, power, status, wealth, etc. Often inherited by the father and eldest son, some emperors and princes have little choice on the issue of heirs, which makes the above-mentioned dogs on the historical stage. However, it is difficult to start a business, and it is even harder to stay. However, most of these playboys who grew up in a luxurious environment are ignorant and incompetent and unable to keep their parents' promises. Therefore, the tragedy of their family destruction is inevitable. However, these historical lessons are still repeated by people today. For example, some once prosperous family businesses are on the decline because of cronyism and father-son inheritance.
Like father, like son, sad and ridiculous, sad and deplorable!