Huang Chao, a native of Cao Zhou, Shandong Province (now Heze, Shandong Province), has been selling salt for generations and is rich in family wealth. He is good at fencing, riding and shooting, and is famous for his eloquence. He was good at martial arts and writing, tried his best, and was extremely dissatisfied with the dark rule of the Tang Dynasty. The poem "Floating without Regret" expresses his will and determination to resist the feudal rulers and hold a peasant uprising, and envisages that one day, he will attack Chang 'an with his soldiers in shining armor and overthrow the reactionary rule of the Tang Dynasty.
Until September 8th in Qiu Lai. The eighth day of September is the day before the Double Ninth Festival. The ancients had the custom of climbing high and enjoying chrysanthemums on the Double Ninth Festival. The author rhymes here with September 8 instead of September 9.
"I'll kill a hundred flowers after I open them." I spend, which means chrysanthemum, as a metaphor for peasant rebellion. Flowers kill, which means flowers wither, is a metaphor for the demise of the ruling class in the Tang Dynasty.
"The incense array penetrates Chang 'an". The incense array in the sky means that chrysanthemums smell incense, which means that the insurgents are mighty and awe-inspiring and diffuse in Chang' an.
"The city is full of golden flowers." Chrysanthemum is yellow, pun intended, which means that Chang 'an was occupied by insurgents in shining armor.
At the end of the Tang dynasty, eunuchs monopolized the power, enfeoffed the provinces and imposed exorbitant taxes, and the people were in dire straits because of years of war. Tang Xizong's Li Yin, bohemian, doesn't care about state affairs, and specializes in cockfighting. One day, on a whim, Tang Xizong invited four royal idlers to play ball, saying that whoever could win would be rewarded with our time. As a result, one of them won and was appointed as our time. Tang Tingchao ruled Japan, and everyone was in chaos.
In the second year of Tang Xizong (AD 875), Wang Xianzhi, a salt vendor, led thousands of Lu Yu farmers to revolt in Changyuan. Huang Chao and his group also raised thousands of people from eight people to respond to Wang Xianzhi, conquered fifteen states in Henan and gathered tens of thousands of military forces.
In 878 AD, Wang Xianzhi was killed in the battle, and the remnants of constitutional rule returned to Huang Chao, where Huang Chao was made king, known as the general of the whirlwind, and there were many uprising troops in Huang Chao.
In 880 AD, Huang Chao captured Luoyang, and in 88 1 year, he crossed the river to attack Tongguan and entered Chang 'an, Tang Dou. Tang Xizong Li Xian avoided driving in Chengdu, Huang Chao changed his name from Emperor Daqi to Golden Boy, and killed the imperial clan of the Tang Dynasty in Chang 'an.
The Complete Tang Poem contains three poems by Huang Chao, among which The Title Poem was written by later generations, and the other title Chrysanthemum is also Huang Chao's poem about chrysanthemums: "The rustling west wind is planted all over the courtyard, but the cold heart is fragrant and the cold butterfly is hard to come by. If I am Di Qing next year, I will report peach blossoms. "
In the poem Chrysanthemum, Huang Chao pretends to be Di Qing, expressing his great ambition to change the world. In late autumn, the wind is rustling, and chrysanthemums are Leng Xiang in the cold wind. Even butterflies are rare to see, so we can only entertain ourselves. If Huang Chao can become the god of spring, he will make chrysanthemums and peach blossoms bloom at the same time.
Appreciation of Huang Chao's Chrysanthemum Poems: Huang Chao led hundreds of thousands of soldiers and horses to explore the north from the south, with great momentum. The soldiers and horses entered the city, burning officials and killing ink collectors, but they were particularly good to scholars. Because there was a folk song in the army at that time: "Where Confucianism is meat, the teacher will recover." Captured self-proclaimed Confucian scholars were all released by the soldiers in bed. When the soldiers passed the home of Huang Pu, the bookkeeper of Chongwen Museum in Fuzhou, the nest leader ordered: "This is Confucianism, so don't burn torches."
At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the peasant uprising led by Huang Chao dealt a heavy blow to the landlord class and disintegrated the reactionary rule of the Tang Dynasty, but the rebels did not strengthen and consolidate the seized political power. Tang Xizong reorganized Hedong, causing Li Keyong and other buffer forces to fight back. Li Keyong marched into Wei Qiao and fought against Huang Chao. Huang Chao suffered a crushing defeat, burned down the palace and was forced to withdraw from Chang 'an. In 884 AD, Huang Chao committed suicide by defeat near Mount Tai.