Poetry is the essence of traditional culture and a wonderful work of literature and art. Confucius said: "Poetry expresses ambition", an ancient realistic poet. They stated their reasons and aspirations, satirized greed and abuse, and wrote a large number of "sincere" poems. Judging from the existing "anti-corruption poems", the theme is nothing more than ten aspects: praising honesty, stabbing greed, inspiring, advocating simplicity, describing harm, expressing one's views, belittling wealth, metaphor and satirizing the world. The following article tries to analyze the "sincere poems" of past dynasties.
One is Yong Lian. Since ancient times, honesty, as a kind of morality and conduct, has been deeply expected and sung by people. Song Dynasty ballad "Xiangyang People's Song": "Ye Guanghua, Fenggucheng; Clear as water, flat as balance. " Ye Kangzhi, the magistrate of Guanghua County, and Ji Feng, the magistrate of Gucheng County, are good at good governance, so the people take the images of "water" and "balance" to praise their integrity and honesty; Feng Menglong, a writer in the Ming Dynasty, once wrote: "Officials only obey the law, and officials don't love money; The strong men put their hands together and the people slept. " It also profoundly reflects the people's desire for clean politics and living and working in peace and contentment.
The second is greed. "Greed" is the antonym of "sincerity", and people are always shameless. There is a poem in the Ming Dynasty: "Come like a hound and go like the wind, the capital of the Qing Dynasty. Only the mountains and rivers can't move, and they will be drawn into the drawing. " , vividly depicts the image of an insatiable magistrate, which makes people feel indignant and sad; "A cock crows a duck, and a county commandant goes to the countryside. If he gives something, he will receive it; The cock crows in the pond, the duck crows in the pond, and the county commandant goes to the countryside, leaving a legacy; The chicken is cooked, the duck is soup, the gongs and drums are ringing, and the county commandant is gone. " This song dynasty ballad imitates the sentence pattern of the Book of Songs and sharply criticizes the insatiable county commandant.
The third is self-encouragement. Many poems of "striving for honesty" in the past dynasties were sung by authors, such as "Zhaibi in Shuduanzhou County" by Bao Zheng in the Northern Song Dynasty: "Pure heart is the foundation, straight road is the plan; Xiugan will eventually become a building, and fine steel will not make a hook. " , tell his position, loyal ethical principles; Another example is Zheng Xie's Title Bamboo: "Yazhai listens to Xiao, and it is suspected that it is the voice of the people's sufferings. Some small officials in Caozhou County always care about their feelings. " A piece of "Listening to Bamboo at Night" depicts an honest official who cares about the sufferings of the people and can't sleep at night.
The fourth is Champ. "Luxury" and "greed" go hand in hand, and poets often admire a simple life. For example, in the Ming Dynasty, Shen Ben's "Ridiculous Brother": "Eating luxury jade is not a blessing, but a golden urn on sandalwood can stop; What are the long-term plans of future generations? The earthen basin is filled with wine, kapok and fur. " It means that simple housekeeping can last for a long time; Another example is Yu Qian's "Poems on Paintings": "Blue and purple are stained with rain and dew, and a group of businessmen are weak; If the abbot comes first and eats later, the big festival will bite the vegetable root. " What you said is also the truth that you can chew vegetable roots.
The fifth is to describe the harm. The source of ancient poems is a collection of ancient poems in the Han Dynasty: "Melons have bitter stems, beautiful dates have thorns, and there are knives beside them. Greedy people also steal their own things. " Take sweet potatoes and bitter stems, beautiful dates and thorns as metaphors, and then take the knife on the right side of the word "Li" as a warning to warn the relationship between sweetness and bitterness, beauty and thorns; In addition, Tang Shiyun said: "greedy people are good at accumulating wealth, just like loving their children;" When the child is older, he will eat his mother. If he has more money, he will harm himself. " Then use the owl to love his son, and the son eats his mother's image to explain that greed gathers more money and more money harms himself.
Sixth, Chen Li. In Yuan Dynasty, Ji Yamo wrote "Painting Bamboo as Dong Wenzhong's Fu": "The rain rises above the dragon, the wind produces jade cold, innocence still exists, and every day is safe." Taking bamboo as a metaphor, using puns skillfully and encouraging friends with innocence hide the truth that honesty can lead to peace; Feng Menglong's poem in Ming Dynasty: "Misfortune depends on happiness, and happiness lies in misfortune, so the old man is indifferent and self-sufficient." It is also a good sentence to persuade people to be indifferent to fame and fortune.
The seventh is body language. There are many works in the "faithless" poems, such as Chen Kun's "Poetry of Execution" in the Tang Dynasty: "Accumulate jade and pile up gold to worship the official, and the disaster will suddenly be empty; Where is the glory of five years? This is no different from a dream of Conan. " Suzhou satrap Chen Qu wrote a note before he died, expressing regret that it was too late. Another example is Chen Bijing's "Crossing the Fishing Platform" in the Song Dynasty: "Public concealment is fame and fortune, and I am here for fame and fortune; I am ashamed to meet my husband and cross the fishing platform at dusk. " It not only eulogizes Yan Ziling's noble sentiment of being indifferent to fame and fortune, but also alludes to his shameful behavior of pursuing fame and fortune.
Eight is light wealth. The greed for luxury is all due to money, and the poet made a lot of sharp satires on money with spicy brushstrokes, such as Gong Shitai's "Ancient Meaning" in the Yuan Dynasty: "What is gold, there is a dispute in the world; Humble and precious, death can be born. " , profoundly exposed and criticized the special power of gold; Another example is Yuan Hongdao's "Reading": "When you have time to read" On Money and God ",you will begin to realize that human feelings are beneficial to the present; In ancient times, Confucius was better than his brother, but now his brother is better than his father. " The nickname of borrowing money cleverly satirizes the indifferent secular feelings at that time.
Nine is a metaphor. Poets often borrow things to show their incorruptibility, such as Yu Qian's Lime Poem in the Ming Dynasty: "If a thousand hammers cut a mountain, the fire will burn idle;" I am not afraid of being smashed, I want to remain innocent in the world. " Borrow lime to symbolize your innocence and integrity; Another example is the bamboo stone in Zheng Xie in the Qing Dynasty: "I insist that the green hills are not relaxed, and the roots are broken; Thousands of blows are still strong, and the wind is southeast and northwest. " When praising the strength of Yanzhu, it is a metaphor for the author's tenacity.
Ten is irony. In the Yuan Dynasty, there was a poem "Festival of the Year": "There are many festivals for hurting people, all of which are rich and powerful; Only when it snows on the steps of the old monk, there is no sign of grass. " , depicting the situation of the gift givers of the powerful families during the festivals in the Yuan Dynasty; There is also an "envoy ballad": "The envoy has come, which is earth-shattering; When the envoy went, it was already dark; The official is happy and the people cry. " It profoundly reveals the brutality of officials and the suffering of the people. Judging from the decadent atmosphere of society reflected in these two poems, it is not surprising that "its prosperity was also rich, and its death was also sudden" in the Yuan Dynasty.
Although the theme and style of "diligent poems" are different, they all express the same theme of "being honest and honest for officials and keeping the people safe" Reading these "honest poems" often in leisure time is also very enlightening and beneficial for us to build a harmonious and democratic society today.