The cloud is rotten and embarrassed.
The sun and moon are brilliant, and the sun is brilliant.
This poem is from the traditional classic Biography of Shangshu, and it is said that Dashun sang it at a banquet with his ministers.
The so-called "Qingyun" is said to be characterized by "if smoke is not smoke, if clouds are not clouds".
This kind of cloud lingers in the sky, which the ancients thought was a symbol of good luck.
At this time, Dashun is preparing to give the position of the son of heaven to Dayu, just as Emperor Yao gave the position of the son of heaven to himself.
Sages after sages took over the burden of governing the world and guided the Lebanese people with their virtues and wisdom, just like the brilliance of the sun and the moon in the sky? .
This poem, with lofty artistic conception and rich connotation, has been highly respected for thousands of years.
Zhong Rong, a famous poet in the Southern Dynasties, said in his poems: "The words in ode to the South Wind and ode to Qingyun are so ambiguous!"
Xu Zhenqing, a famous poet in the Ming Dynasty, also said: "Poetry is profound and profound, and it is hard to talk about it. To study its wonderful use, you can briefly talk about it.
Qingyun and Jiang Shui are the source of elegance and ode. "People" and "Mai Xiu" are the beginning of the establishment of "national style". "
At the beginning of last century, the pioneers in education got inspiration from this poem and named the first institution of higher learning run by China people "Fudan University".
However, such a poem that has been circulated for thousands of years has been questioned by many scholars in modern times.
Liang Qichao thought in China's Beautiful Literature and its History: "But from the perspective of literary history, the grammar, syntax and syllables of this poem existed not only three generations ago, but also in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Obviously it is the work of Han people. "
Lu Xun also pointed out in the Outline of China Literature History: "Words only convey meaning, which is quite archaic, while Han and Wei Dynasties were almost written by later generations."
Apart from the influence of "suspecting the past" in modern times, one of the important reasons why scholars have doubts about this poem lies in the nature of the book Shangshuzhuan.
As we know, in order to imprison the thoughts of scholars, Qin Shihuang practiced the tyranny of "burning books to bury Confucianism", which caused many Confucian classics to be almost lost, and Shangshu was one of them.
After the establishment of the Han Dynasty, in order to develop the country's cultural undertakings, people were encouraged to actively donate books, hoping to organize scholars to study Confucian classics with the help of the state, thus establishing "official learning".
However, under the destruction of tyranny and war, the elderly, as Confucian scholars, were shattered, and it was difficult for Han Ting to find experts to study Shangshu.
Fortunately, after many visits, I finally found an old gentleman named Fu Sheng in Jinan. He worked as a doctor in the Qin Dynasty and devoted his life to Shangshu.
So Emperor Wen of Han sent Chao Cuo to consult the old man who was over ninety years old, and finally listed Shangshu as an official school.
According to the Records of Hanshu Yiwenzhi, among the books related to Shangshu, there are 41 biographies.
At that time, the so-called "biography" refers to the works that explain Confucian classics.
Some scholars believe that these 41 biographies, namely Fu Sheng's Biography of Shangshu, are Fu Sheng's explanations of Shangshu.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zheng Xuan, a master of Confucian classics, made a note for The Great Biography of Shangshu. Therefore, The Biography of Shangshu has important ideological value and documentary value.
However, in the long river of history, the fate of Shangshu is very bumpy.
In the Song Dynasty, it was difficult for scholars to see the whole book.
By the early Qing Dynasty, when Zhu Yizun, a great scholar, compiled Yijing, the book had been recorded as "lost", so it is generally believed that the whole book of Shangshuzhuan was lost in the late Ming Dynasty.
However, would ancient scholars make such an important document disappear? Therefore, since the early Qing Dynasty, scholars have been compiling the Great Biography of Shangshu.
The so-called "compilation" is to restore those lost documents to a certain extent from the documents still circulating in the world.
Suppose a book has been lost, but there are still some surviving books that quote the contents of this book.
In this way, scholars can "resurrect" this lost book through various rigorous textual research.
Therefore, the biography of Shangshu that we see today is actually the result compiled by predecessors.
In other words, including this well-known "Qing Yun Ge", it was actually extracted from various other handed down documents.
So these contents are not completely reliable.
Even for the record of the same thing, the text content in several ancient books will be very different, although they all claim to quote the record in the biography of Shangshu.
For example, there are some differences on the recording of the song "Qing", the time when Shun recited the song and the reaction of ministers.
Therefore, Chen Shouqi, a famous lost scholar in the Qing Dynasty, also lamented that this record: "The book is not fully cited and has been lost one after another."
It is not difficult to understand why Liang Qichao and other famous scholars in modern times have doubts about the authenticity of this song.
Nevertheless, it is undeniable that the thought, recorded stories and interpretation of the text of Shangshu have had a far-reaching impact in history.
Therefore, it is still important for us to study China's ancient history, ideology, politics, culture and many other aspects.
Scholars in Qing Dynasty such as Zhu Yizun, Sun Zhiyi, Kong Guanglin and Chen Shouqi. All the biographies of Shangshu were compiled, with more than 20 related achievements.
Among them, Chen Shouqi's Shangshu is the best.
On the basis of Sun Zhiyi, Kong Guanglin and others, Chen Shouqi "repeatedly audited, exposed evidence and participated in the uninformed case". The case is accurate and dialectical, which is very helpful to correct the mistakes and mistakes in editing and proofreading in the past.
After Chen, those who have collected the lost, collated and exegesis of The Great Biography of Shangshu will definitely recommend Pi's famous book The Great Biography of Shangshu.
On the basis of Chen Shouqi's version, Pixirui further supplemented omissions, extensive changes, corrections and errors, which made the search more complete, the textual research more accurate and the arrangement more reasonable, thus forming a more perfect version of Shangshu Biography.
At the same time, he started with words, historical events, systems and meanings. , and made a comprehensive explanation and explanation of the biography of Shangshu, quoting classics, explaining thoroughly and discussing accurately.
For today's researchers, Pi's book is an unavoidable peak.