Composition: How to prevent crime?

At present, China is in a special historical period of economic system transition and social transformation, and there are many factors that induce and breed illegal crimes. Social evils such as "pornography, gambling and drugs" have been repeatedly banned, and criminal offences are still on the rise. Since last year, the public security organs have cracked several serial murders, some of which involve school students. These cases directly threatened and hurt the personal safety of teachers and students, especially after the "2.23" murder case in Yunnan University, the social impact was bad, and teachers, students and the people reacted strongly. According to the estimation of the public security department, the problem of juvenile delinquency will remain very prominent at present and in the future. Judging from the number of juvenile offenders in the past two years, although the total number of juvenile offenders has declined, the proportion of juvenile offenders in the total number of all criminal members is still high. First of all, the number of criminals continues to grow. According to statistics, from 2000 to 2002, the national courts sentenced a total of 6,543.8+0.40 million juvenile offenders, with an average annual increase of 9.5%, which was 36% higher than the total number of 654.38+0.997 to 654.38+0.999. Second, the proportion of criminals has increased. Among the criminals sentenced by national courts, the proportion of juvenile offenders rose from 6.4% in 1998 to 7.9% in 2003, and the crime was "blindness, impulsiveness, violence, imitation and contingency". From the analysis of the characteristics of juvenile delinquency in recent years, firstly, the types of crimes are relatively concentrated. Mainly theft, robbery, injury, kidnapping, extortion, drug abuse and drug trafficking. In particular, the number of theft crimes is the largest. Second, violent crimes have increased. Some criminals rob, rape, kidnap and kill people with guns in broad daylight, which is cruel and extremely harmful to society. Third, gang crimes have developed. In recent years, juvenile gangs have become increasingly prominent, and some feudal gangs have a strong color, and even become evil forces that do evil and harm one side. Fourth, it is repetitive, and the types of crimes tend to expand. The number of juvenile crimes in China increased from 98 in 1998 to 120 in 2003, an increase of 22%. It should also be noted that the public security problems in some local schools and surrounding areas are still outstanding, some schools and surrounding areas have rebounded seriously after rectification, some difficult problems have not been completely solved, and long-term working mechanisms have not yet been established. In particular, the incidence of criminal cases in schools and surrounding areas is high, and extortion, robbery, injury and other illegal and criminal activities against teachers and students occur from time to time. There are a large number of illegal Internet cafes, video halls, video game halls and dance halls around the school, which have been repeatedly banned. The problem of "pornography, gambling and drugs" is more serious, and the phenomenon of minors entering internet cafes is still outstanding. The number of young students killed in Internet cafes has increased. Some social idlers enter the school to make trouble and interfere with the normal teaching order of the school. Moreover, there are weak links in public security management in schools and surrounding areas, especially some schools do not pay enough attention to safety work, some measures for comprehensive management of campus public security have not been really implemented, and some unstable incidents in colleges and universities have increased. In some places, there is still a phenomenon of "one-man show" in maintaining the security around the campus, lacking the participation and cooperation of other relevant departments, and the mechanism of grasping the management of * * * has not been established. These actual situations show that the current situation of juvenile delinquency is not optimistic, the public security order inside and outside the campus is not good, and the task of preventing juvenile delinquency is still very heavy. Preventing juvenile delinquency is very special. Teenagers are a growing group. They have their own topics and lives. According to the survey of different age groups' views on this year's Spring Festival Gala, adults and teenagers have completely different views and value orientations. Like Jay Chou's songs, adults think it's nothing, but teenagers are surprisingly popular. Therefore, to prevent juvenile delinquency and carry out comprehensive management of school and surrounding public security, we must understand them and master their thoughts, and we cannot impose their adult thoughts on others. In view of the particularity of teenagers' growth, the central and local governments have been actively looking for more scientific guiding methods for crime prevention. According to the materials of the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League, at present, a working system for preventing juvenile delinquency has been initially established throughout the country. The central government, 3 1 province (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government), 80% cities and some counties and streets have set up leading institutions to prevent juvenile delinquency; A variety of coordination and linkage mechanisms such as joint meetings and joint law enforcement have been established. The effectiveness of juvenile legal education and crime prevention is also improving. Innovative publicity and education activities such as mock trials and case-by-case statements have been widely carried out in various places. The public security, procuratorial, legal, departmental and other systematic education departments all over the country are equipped with vice presidents of legal system in more than 89% primary and secondary schools across the country. A large number of community youth law schools, community youth service centers and youth legal education bases have been established in various places. The growing environment of teenagers is being gradually optimized. On the one hand, in the past two years, a large number of illegally operated internet cafes, dance halls, video halls and other entertainment places around the school have been banned, and a large number of illegal publications, audio-visual products and electronic publications have been confiscated, and many illegally operated stalls and rental houses around the campus have been cleaned up, and efforts have been made to purify the public security environment around the campus. According to incomplete statistics, during the rectification last year, local public security organs dispatched 728,000 police officers, inspected more than 300,000 schools, rectified more than 50,000 hidden dangers in schools, inspected more than 90,000 entertainment places and Internet cafes around the campus, and confiscated more than 654.38+million obscene and pirated books and audio-visual products. On the other hand, we have extensively established community activity places where teenagers can participate, and launched a large number of books, newspapers, movies, literary works and TV programs suitable for teenagers' physical and mental characteristics, which have enriched their material and cultural life. The education and management of idle teenagers by local governments are also gradually strengthened. Through a thorough investigation, a file was set up to make the base clear and the situation clear, and then targeted measures were taken to help and educate, which achieved certain results. Since 2002, Shanghai has implemented the management of "one person, one card" for 63,000 idle teenagers in the city. Through pairing assistance, psychological counseling, legal services, skills training, employment support and other measures, the work of community, family and school has been connected, and the illegal and criminal problems of this group have been effectively controlled. Experts say that criminal cases in and around schools are more sensitive than other cases. For example, the indecent performance of Japanese students in Xi 'an eventually developed into an unstable event sweeping the country. Another example is Ma Jiajue, who killed four people and hid them in the closet for several days without being found. This is a phenomenon worthy of in-depth analysis. Many problems of public security in schools and surrounding areas still remain in words and documents in many places. As early as 1996, the central government put forward the idea of rectifying the public security order in colleges and universities and strengthening the comprehensive management of school public security. After the promulgation of the Law on the Protection of Minors in People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency in People's Republic of China (PRC), the State Council, China forwarded the opinions of the Central Committee for Comprehensive Management on further strengthening the prevention of juvenile delinquency, and put forward clear requirements on how to implement them. On February 26th this year, the State Council, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued Several Opinions on Further Strengthening and Improving the Ideological and Moral Construction of Minors, which put forward new tasks and requirements for comprehensively improving the ideological and moral quality of minors under the new situation. Although the central government has issued a series of documents in recent years, not everyone understands these documents and seriously implements these requirements. Otherwise, many cases that shocked the whole country and hurt families would not be high. Information from the National Conference on Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency and Comprehensive Management of Social Security in Schools and Surrounding Areas shows that minors, idle teenagers, migrant workers and juvenile delinquents will be the key groups to prevent juvenile delinquency. As far as maintaining public order in and around the campus is concerned, we should focus on protecting students in the campus, focusing on preventing and cracking down on nuisance gangs outside the campus and illegal vendors around the campus, and take special actions to severely crack down on all kinds of illegal acts that endanger campus safety and induce juvenile delinquency. Specifically, the central government explicitly requires that all localities should establish a regional information management system for idle teenagers, accurately grasp their basic situation, analyze their practical difficulties and problems, help them solve their life difficulties, help them study, correct their behavior, support their employment and promote their healthy growth according to different situations. For young migrant workers, all localities should improve their cultural quality and employment skills through training, rights protection, employment services, etc., solve practical problems such as wage arrears, personal injury, forced overtime, and difficulty in enrolling their children, and guide them to become positive forces for maintaining social stability. For street children, all localities should intensify the crackdown on the evil forces that lure, control and instigate street children to commit crimes, take special measures to help, educate, resettle and raise street children around their basic needs, and actively explore effective ways to provide emergency assistance to street children. For juvenile delinquents, we should widely mobilize social forces, carry out "one for one" and "many for one" voluntary assistance and education services, and run transitional resettlement enterprises and bases well; Do a good job in employment guidance, training and job placement. We should follow the principle of "education, probation and salvation" and start with investigation, prosecution, trial and execution. Further improve the juvenile justice system in China. In view of the comprehensive management of social security in schools and surrounding areas, we must always adhere to the policy of "combining fighting with prevention and giving priority to prevention". On the one hand, we should persistently crack down on illegal and criminal activities that infringe on the personal and property safety of teachers and students, and take flexible and diverse actions to strengthen rectification based on the principle that what problems are outstanding and what problems are repeated. On the other hand, it is necessary to do a good job in public security prevention and management in schools and surrounding areas. We should attach great importance to the explosion and poisoning cases that are easy to cause many deaths and serial killings in schools and surrounding areas, and detect them in time. Because the comprehensive management of public security in schools and surrounding areas involves many departments and the situation is complex, it is necessary to define the division of labor and take responsibility for each other. First of all, according to the principle of "territorial management", the party Committee and government where the school is located are responsible for the public security of the school and its surrounding areas, and the police station and other relevant departments within the administrative area are responsible for the public security rectification of the school and its surrounding areas. Secondly, it is established that the school is responsible for the security in the school, and the main leaders of the school party and government are responsible for the stability of the campus security. Colleges and universities should make it clear that a party and government deputy attaches importance to the comprehensive management of campus public security and participate in the comprehensive management Committee of the jurisdiction and the leading group for the comprehensive management of school and surrounding public security. The relevant leaders of the Central Political and Legal Committee made it clear that the responsibilities of the relevant departments are clear at present, but the problem lies in the lack of implementation of the work, lax investigation and punishment when problems arise, and poor supervision. 65438-0993 Five central ministries and commissions jointly issued "Several Provisions on Implementing the Leadership Responsibility System for Comprehensive Management of Social Security". In 2000, five central ministries and commissions issued the Notice on Investigating the Responsibility of Leaders in Places with Serious Social Stability Problems. In 2002, five central ministries and commissions put forward specific requirements for supervision of some places and units with serious social stability problems. All localities should also pay attention to the implementation of accountability or supervision, and must find out the responsibility for the problems that arise, seriously investigate and deal with them, and check them to the end. Supervision and punishment are not the purpose, but the real purpose is to make everyone really take responsibility.