Dante's poem at the entrance to hell

1. Dante's Road Poems

2. Poems about Hell

Dante's poem about the road 1. Classic famous sentences about roads

As long as you take a strong step forward, the whole world will follow. -Terry Gogan

Go your own way and let others talk-Dante

It's a long way to go, Xiu Yuan Xi, and each goes his own way-as the saying goes.

There is a Road to Diligence in Shushan —— Ancient Poems

The power of the horse is well known, but as time goes by, people will see it-proverb

1. I hope it doesn't matter, it doesn't matter. It's like a road on the ground. In fact, there is no road on the ground. If there are more people walking, it will become a road. (Lu Xun)

2. There are roads in Shushan, and there is no limit to learning the sea.

It's a long way to go, Xiu Yuan, Xiu Yuan, and I will go up and down. (Qu Yuan) Go your own way and let others talk-Dante.

I hope it's nothing, nothing. Just like the roads on earth. In fact, there is no road on the ground. More people walk, and it becomes a road. -Lu Xun

Xiu Yuan has a long way to go, and I will go up and down-Qu Yuan.

When people think of death, the charm of life is less, but their hearts are more calm. -Tolstoy

As long as you take a strong step forward, the whole world will follow. -Terry Gogan

2. Poems about roads

Farewell to the viceroy and go to Shu to take up his post.

Author: Wang Bo

Across the wall of Sanqin, across a layer of fog, across a river.

We said goodbye sadly, and our two officials went in opposite directions.

After all, the world is just a small place.

If you don't do anything wrong, the child will get wet with towels.

Thirty fame, dust and earth, eight thousand miles of clouds and the moon.

Looking at Wan Li Road in the distance, the lucky stars are shining all over the world.

What I reported is that the road is long, and there are amazing sentences in learning poetry.

The four seas churn clouds and waterways, and the five continents shake the wind and thunder.

The moon is leisurely and the night is long and the mountains are numerous.

At present, the frost on Dongmen Road is heavy, and the monthly loss of Hengtang is long.

There is still a long way to go in Xiu Yuan, and I will go up and down!

Mochow has no confidant in the road ahead, and everyone in the world doesn't know you!

Read thousands of books and take Wan Li Road.

Liu Yang has long dikes everywhere, and Huaming Road has not been lost.

The wine and meat in Zhumen stink, and the road has frozen bones.

I used to know Shansi Road, but I stayed at home.

Ma Yin really hates knowing the way, and cicadas can still be heard.

I haven't seen you in the winding mountain road, leaving only a row of horseshoe prints.

I have been thinking about breaking the world of mortals all my life, and my sword is hidden in Xuan Lu.

Split the road of life and death with both hands and cut off the root of right and wrong with one knife. It is still necessary to keep warm. There is Luqi in front of the door. ("Sitting at Night")

Xu Ning said that the old castle peak road was there, and Bai Shou returned to his hometown drunk. ("Don't be white")

Liu Deren said that although my husband is an emperor, he has no relatives on the road. (Reading Record)

Shi Jianwu's way out: the ship is the foot, and the official is the slave. ("To Lord Salt Officer")

There are many roads in Wan Li, and the world is narrow. (See Zhang Wei's "Subject-Object Diagram")

Yan Lu let mules and camels ride on the clouds, while tigers dragged debris in the snow. (Shulu)

Shen Bin's sentence "Nine songs are intrigued, and there are many disloyalty in the four seas." . (Chronicle)

Yan Zhenqing's seven words, seven words, seven words and two sentences have a long way to go. ☆ The cilia of moths and mosquitoes on Yan Zhenqing are hard to detect. ☆ Jiao Ran

In Ren Jun's dream, the ancient country road is far away and the spring breeze is endless. (Jun)

In Li Ang Palace, spring grass grows on the road and flowers bloom in the forest. What is the limit? No courtiers know.

Shangguan Zhao Rong visited Princess Changning's Liu Beichi. Twenty-five songs are too lazy to walk on the Tiantai road, only climbing the lungs. The moon is full in the secluded rock fairy, and today I am climbing wildly.

Nie's cross talk, Chang 'an Road, there are no horses here, and the wheels are still in the dark. So there is less grass on the roadside than dust on clothes.

If the Han Palace is far and near, the road is in Sasai. If you can't come back to death, who will look south?

Li's three poems and poems of resentment, don't come to the flowers to illuminate the road, don't come to the leaves. Song and dance must be timely, why sit sad concubine.

Zhang Huqin's songs and songs, Zhao Jun's resentment, two poems, Wan Li border town is far away, it is difficult to go to Qian Shan. Look up and see the bright moon, where is Chang' an.

Cui Zaqu wrote lyrics Changle's youth journey left a coral whip, but the white horse was proud. Zhangtai breaks willows, and spring grass is beside the road.

Liu Yuxi's Zaqu "Ge Fengyan in southern Hebei, Cheng Nan in Hebei, Jingmen Road in Dust". Those who hunt animals in cold weather go to Fan Ji's grave.

Cui's miscellaneous songs and words, long and dry songs, were blown into the lake in the dark, but he couldn't find his way. Ling sings nonstop and knows it in this pond.

Five solutions to Yuan Zhen's zaqu: It takes hard work to build a city, and the city is built with thieves. But the road is afraid of thieves, and the city cannot be built.

In the early days of Chen Shu University, the wind and the sky were storms, and ice wells were strictly eliminated. The branch of the cable is not soft, and it will always leak and get tired.

Ji Wang returns to Dongxi Stone Moss at night, which should be practical and easy to climb. Qingxi goes straight to Kaminooji, and returns by moonlight night song.

In Wang Jishan, don't leave stones as the road to the east stream, and people will gradually get credit when they come. Spring wine in the mountains is ripe, so you can't stop at home.

Lu sent his second brother to Kezi Road, Guanshan, Shu and the Imperial City. When we broke up, we silently cared about each other.

Zhang Jiuling replied that Lu Li pine leaves are good wine, and as much as spring comes. Although the mountain road is far away, I will not refuse your kind invitation; Even if the snow is thick, visit the snow. It's spring and the ice has melted.

3. Poems and famous sayings about roads

Go your own way and let others talk! -Dante

There is no road in the world, and more people walk, so it becomes a road-Lu Xun.

Dare to ask where the road is, the road is at your feet.

Tao is a blessing, Tao is a win.

There is a road in the mountain of books, but there is no limit to learning the sea.

It's hard to walk, it's hard to walk, there are many roads, where is Lu 'an? -Li Bai

All roads lead to Rome.

Embark on the journey of life. The future is distant and dark. But don't be afraid. There is only one way before those who are not afraid-Lu Xun

The road is trodden by people, and the history is written by people. Every move of mankind is writing its own history. -Ji Hongchang

Bad habits will hinder your fame, money and enjoyment at any time. -Shakespeare

A soldier always pursues the light. Instead of lying in the clear sky enjoying the sunshine, he lit the torch in the dark to light the road for people and make them walk towards dawn. -Ba Jin

Xiu Yuan has a long way to go, and I will go up and down-Qu Yuan.

Climb high alone and look at the horizon-Xin Qiji

4. Poems describing roads

There is a long way to go in Xiu Yuan, and I will go up and down.

Qu Yuan's Lisao and Li Bai's Sake is Hard to Find. In exchange for a gold cup and 10,000 coppers for a hip flask, the jade plate is worth 10,000 yuan. I threw the food bar and cup aside. I couldn't eat or drink. I pulled out my dagger. I peeped in four directions in vain.

I want to cross the Yellow River, but the ice blocked the ferry; I want to climb the Taihang Mountain, but the sky is covered with snow. I came to fish and sit on the stream, but I suddenly dreamed of driving a boat and sailing towards the sun.

It's hard to walk, it's hard to walk, a lot of roads, and today's safety. One day, I will ride the wind and waves, raise the Yun Fan and cross the sea.

The road of life is so broad, but I have no way out. I have no face to follow those people who have no guts to bet on pears and chestnuts.

I don't mean to grovel in the door of power, as Feng Xuan complained. At that time, people in Huaiyin laughed at the ministers of the Han Dynasty for their cowardice and incompetence, but they were jealous of Jia Yi's Excellence.

Have you seen the former prince of Yan? He respects talents, builds high platforms and provides gold to talented people. Bend down and sweep the floor to welcome them? ? Juxin and Le Yi were grateful for their kindness. They tried their best to serve the monarch with their talents.

The king's bones have been buried. Who will sweep the floor of the golden platform again? . It's hard to go. Come back.

5. Famous sayings and poems about "Road"

All roads lead to Rome.

There is no road in the world, but more people will become roads-Lu Xun.

Go your own way and let others talk-Dante

It's a long way to go, Xiu Yuan Xi, and each goes his own way-as the saying goes.

There is a Road to Diligence in Shushan —— Ancient Poems

The power of the horse is well known, but as time goes by, people will see it-proverb

Xiu Yuan has a long way to go, and I will go up and down-Qu Yuan.

1. I hope it doesn't matter, it doesn't matter. It's like a road on the ground. In fact, there is no road on the ground. If there are more people walking, it will become a road. (Lu Xun)

2. There are roads in Shushan, and there is no limit to learning the sea.

3. The road is long, and I will go up and down. (Qu Yuan)

1) Then he disappeared at the corner of the pass, leaving only his hoofprint. (Cen Can<'s song "Snow White Farewells Tian Shuji Wu to Go Home" >

(2) There is no road in the mountains and rivers, and there is another village. (Lu You&; lt; Visit Shanxi Village >)

(3) Castle Peak fills the air, and there is no doubt that Qian Fan looms suddenly. (Wang Anshi &; lt; Jiang Shang >)

(4) Every year, seeing off guests on Hengtang Road and painting boats in drizzle. (Fan Chengda < Hengtang >)

I advise you not to carve stubborn stones, the population on the road is like a monument. (& amplt; The Lantern Festival meets Yuan &; gt; Volume 17)

6. It rains a lot during the Qingming Festival, and pedestrians on the road want to break their souls. (Du Mu&; lt; Qingming >)

⑦ Being a wild old man is no longer responsible, and refugees on the road are finally tempted. (Lu You&; lt; Daily necessities >)

⑧ The clouds open the Thousand Peaks of Wuxia, and the road turns to Bajiang. (Wu Bentai &; lt; Give away Bashu >)

He sometimes sells melons grown in his garden by the roadside and sometimes plants some willows in his secluded place. (Wang Wei&; lt; Senior general >)

Attending the climbing road, if you can't get up, you will fall into a trough. (Han Yu&; lt; When listening to Qin >)

Poetry about hell 1. What are the poems about "hell"?

"Hell" is similar to the ancient "Hell" in China.

1, last poem

Author: Tang Yin

It's okay to live in death and die in hell.

Dead people are almost the same as dead people, so you should only wander in a foreign land.

2. The world of hell

Author: Shi Zunxing

There is no other way for the Three Realms. Everything is created by idealism. So, it's because day and night, when you are diligent.

I think of all kinds of evils in my heart, and I will put them out as soon as I save them. The heart should be kind and treat it as a treasure.

Although you did something bad for a short time, you will suffer for a long time in the future. Be kind to Bodhi and always prove that you are happy.

Step 3 watch the map of hell

Author: Guan Xiu

I'm not a sword pavilion, there are trees that are difficult to climb. The bergamot can't cover it, and his heart seems idle.

Zhou Wang should not be snowed, why should it be white? The sky is full of fingers, and the world is boundless.

4, the fish lamp leads the soul to open hell, and the crystal lamp shoots the secluded house every night.

-Gu Jingci (compound sentence) Author: Liu Ji

5. Once you get lost in hell. It should be hard to teach tears in white.

-Proud fisherman Author: Fan Qi

6, heaven and hell, good and evil from the heart, death and confusion.

-Shen Guang can give Zhang Jiulang Author: Tan Chuduan

7. Seven souls are destined to return to the underworld. Three souls leave the sky.

-Swiss partridge Author: Wang Zhe

2. Sentences describing hell

Buddhism's theory of hell is related to its concept of reincarnation, so as to analyze "karma" more vividly and guide people to do good. You can refer to a hell in the Buddha's light dictionary. According to the original meaning of the Bible, the word "hell" in the Bible does not mean that the dead are judged and suffering. The underworld/hell only refers to the description of death and graves, not the fiery hell. The original Greek meaning of the three Greek words of hell translated into Chinese is: Geenna, which refers to the valley of Hinnom, which used to be the valley outside the walls of Jerusalem. At that time, the Israelis burned the bodies of criminals here (if a person committed a serious crime, he was not worthy of resurrection, so the Jews thought that unrepentant people were not worthy of being buried in the cemetery and could only be thrown into this valley to rot or be burned) and domestic garbage. At that time, people also sprinkled sulfur on the garbage to help burn it, so this place was always filled with smoke. Hades refers to the place where the dead are, that is, the grave. Tartaroo, a verb describing the depravity of Satan and his rebel angels, means "throw into Tatar".

In Buddhism, besides 18 level hell, there are eight fire hell, eight cold hell and eight hot hell.

Eight hot hell is also called eight hell. According to the records in Volumes 8 and 11 of "On the Whole House" and Volume 8 of "Chapter of Mahayana Righteousness", Badi Prefecture is a southern island under the protection of the south growth king of South Sumeru Mountain. These eight hells are:

1. Waiting for the living hell (Samjva), ghosts who fall in kill each other, and the cool wind blows them to death and revives them, making them more miserable;

2. Tra, Calso, the criminal was strangled by a black iron rope;

3.samghata, punishing sinners with the cooperation of wild animals and instruments of torture;

4. howl and call Rdurava, and the sinner screams in pain;

5. Shout out the hell (Maharaurava), where the suffering is more tragic and the howling is louder;

6. Tapana, sinners cook in copper pots and charcoal pits;

7. Pratapana, you will do better there.

8.Avici means "endless hell". Anyone who creates "heinous crimes" falls into this hell and is constantly punished, so it is called "endless hell".

It is said that the eight prefectures are vertically arranged layer by layer, and there are also "eight cold prefectures" horizontally arranged layer by layer. It's extremely cold here, corresponding to the heat of eight levels of hell.

Eight cold hell. According to Volume XI of "The Theory of Whole Sheguang", the name of Eight Cold Hell is as follows:

1. Abad, which means "prison with sores", people get sores when they go in.

2. Nyirabu Da was stabbed, and the person who entered the body was cold sore;

3. Atata, the entrant's lips and tongue are trembling with cold;

4.{ Yuehuo} {Yuehuo} Grandma: (Ha ha wa), the contestants' mouths are so cold that they give off a kind of "cold".

5. Hu Huwa, who is too cold to make a sound, only rings in her throat;

6.Utpala, the body is as cold as Utpala;

7. Padma, the body is frozen like a red-violet year;

8. Mahapama, the whole body is frozen and cracked, such as a lotus flower or Bai Lianhua.

According to the sixteenth volume of Great Wisdom, there is a more intense "Eight Fire Mansions" around the Eight Fire Mansions.

Eight inflammation, fire and hell. Its name is as follows:

1. charcoal (fire) pit hell;

2. Boiling water hell;

3. Burning forest hell;

4. Sword Tree Hell;

5. Knives are hell;

6. Thorn Hell;

7. Salt River Hell;

8. Copper (hot copper) column hell.

In addition to these well-known large-scale system hell, there is also a hell dedicated to dealing with scattered ghosts at zero. This is "lonely hell", also known as "flat prison". The tenth volume of Ode to All Houses says: "There are more or less different trades in the lonely hell, or two or one, and there are many differences and uncertainties everywhere. Or near the wilderness of rivers and mountains, rest underground. " It is said that there are more than 84,000 hell with no fixed place and single existence, which have been pulled out of the tight encirclement by ghosts and can't escape everywhere.

18 floor is the soul of abducted children, those dirty souls ~

3. Poetry describing the underworld

Smoke, smoke, light and graceful like Yunfu.

I just don't know whether it is a person who loves Biyan or a ghost who is famous for Biyan in impermanence's mind.

-"Alternative" by scholar Yi Ze

However, in the deepest part of the underworld, by the forgotten river and in the red chamber, faint lanterns are hanging high. The old guzheng thunder is on the windowsill, and no one plays it anymore. A Bai Sensen skeleton sat on the railing with a brush, drawing the skin of a beautiful woman in red alone.

-"Alternative" by scholar Yi Ze

However, in the deepest part of the underworld, by the forgotten river and in the red chamber, faint lanterns are hanging high.

Her foot died; Her steps towards the underworld.

Thousands of lanterns slowly drift to the sea, indicating the way for the dead to return to the underworld.

The rope of death wrapped around me; The pain of the underworld seized me; I am in trouble and sad.

Dreams are broken, tears are dry, and you can't help but fantasize. If there really is a underworld outside the world, it would be great.

I just came back from the underworld because I seem to have died in some basement.

Dead pedestrians come and go, and ghosts from the underworld come and go in a hurry. However, no matter how much they have experienced and where you will go, they welcome the red and send the white, and they can't guess the Zen spirit that makes many heavenly hearts full of flowers, and they can't guess the shame that the lotus flowers in the lake and the birds in the sky are exhausted.

Hell is not in the underworld, but on earth. The real evil is not the glory paved with bones, not the glory cast by blood, but in this world where monsters are flying and wild animals are rampant, people are born as human beings, but they don't know why they believe. ...

Your majesty and the sound of your piano have gone down to the grave. There are worms at the bottom and maggots at the top.

You went down to the grave, and the grave shook to meet you because of you. Because of you, you woke up the ghosts of the leaders in the world, and you also raised those who used to be kings of various countries from their positions.

Sometimes, I feel that the world between you and me is like watching the dead in the underworld, far enough to make people tremble.

The wicked, even the Gentiles who forget God, will return to Sheol.

When the dream is broken and the tears are dry, I can't help but fantasize, assuming that there really are triads outside the world, it would be great.

Dead pedestrians come and go, and ghosts from the underworld come and go in a hurry. However, no matter how much they have experienced and where you will go, they welcome the red and send the white, and they can't guess the Zen spirit that makes many heavenly hearts full of flowers, and they can't guess the shame that the lotus flowers in the lake and the birds in the sky are exhausted.

4. Words describing hell

Words in hell: the prison of hanging tendons, the prison of seclusion, the prison of fire pit, loneliness and boredom, all of which were done before death.

Du Feng prison, tongue-plucking prison, skinning prison, crying, horrible, just because of the unfaithfulness and unfilial harm to justice, the mouth snake heart fell into this door. Grinding into the prison, smashing the prison, crashing the car, being raw, wiping your mouth and consulting your teeth are unfair to deceive yourself and others, and clever words are harmful.

Ice prison, shell prison, bowel prison, unkempt appearance and frowning are all bullying fools, causing disaster and fatigue. You Guo Prison, Dark Prison and Daoshan Prison are all jittery and bullied by violence. They all shrink their heads and choke their necks, which is terrible.

Blood pool prison, ABI prison, blood pool prison, naked skin, broken arms and tendons, just to kill people, animals and people for money. The depravity of thousands of years is hard to explain and will never turn over. Hell: The first prison takes 3750 as a day, 30th as January, and 65438+ February as a year. Criminals will serve 10 thousand years in this prison (that is,135 billion years on earth).

The second prison takes 7500 years on earth as a day, and it takes 20,000 years for criminals to serve their sentences in this prison (that is, 54 billion years on earth). Since then, the sentence of each prison has increased fourfold on the basis of the sentence of the previous prison.

In this way, the sentence to 18 prison is equivalent to 2.3 times 10 to the 25th power of the world. The pain of evil spirits falling into it is indescribable.

3 Overview editing.

5. What are the sentences about "hell"

1. There is no real right or wrong, and there is no absolute good or evil. Hell and heaven, in a flash. -Yan Moai's "Hell Girl"

Where there is an ideal place, hell is heaven. Where there is hope, pain becomes happiness. -Plato

You let me live in hell, and I will ruin your heaven. -Dr. Daji's "Extreme Split"

Let's go through the deepest hell and then go straight to heaven! -Jiangnan "Dragon"

If you choose the end of hell, please let me fall with you! -"Pirates of the Stars in September"

It is better to be a servant in heaven than in hell. -Milton's Paradise Lost

7. An idealist is hopeless: if he is driven out of his paradise, he will create another ideal hell. -Nietzsche

8. If your right eye makes you fall, gouge it out and throw it away. Losing one of a hundred bodies is better than leaving the whole body in hell. the Bible

9. Go through the deepest hell and go straight to heaven! -Jiangnan "Dragon"

10. Red dust chaos, I block; Hell is open, I want to go; The four seas are angry, and I am horizontal; Life is blocked, I will reply. -"The Queen of Swing" returns to the world.

1 1. If one person's feelings are freed, then another person will go to a terrible hell. -Zhang Ailing

12. Hell is empty, and demons are all on earth. -Shakespeare's The Tempest

13. Unfortunately, people often do this. He cherishes life, but sees the hell behind him. -Notre Dame de Victor Hugo.

14. Heaven is not necessarily in front, but hell must be behind. -Hao Cheng's "Hell Behind"

15. The hell you stepped on is only the reflection of heaven, and the story of my lip corner is also the ashes of time. -"Zhihu"

6. There are poems about the reincarnation of hell.

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On the basis of describing various life forms, Buddhism further expounded its life view of life and death cycle. Buddhism believes that everything in the world is impermanent and egoless. On the one hand, from a macro point of view, the universe is constantly in the process of birth, aging, illness and death, and repeatedly presents four states, namely, success (the establishment period of the world, that is, the formation state), persistence (the duration of the world, that is, the relatively stable state), badness (the destruction period of the world, that is, the state tending to destruction) and emptiness (the empty desert period of the world, that is, the nihility state) and so on. On the other hand, all sentient beings in the world, in the process of continuous reincarnation of life and death, repeatedly present four states, namely, existence in the middle (existence between death and rebirth), existence in the middle (existence from the middle to the first moment of pregnancy), existence in the middle (existence between life and death) and existence at the last moment (existence at the last moment). Correspondingly, Buddhism believes that all things that have laws have four phases: life, shelter, difference and extinction. No matter all laws in the world or all beings, they are always in the process of birth, aging, illness and death. As far as the life of all beings is concerned, the birth phase refers to a person who wants to support the fetus, and when he is satisfied in October, this body is born. To live in the world is to live in the world after birth. Heterogeneity means that beauty is gone and old age is weak. Extinction refers to the end of a person's life and the destruction of his body. In the process of birth, illness and death, all sentient beings are influenced by karma and spirit. Because in the state of existence, the situation of all beings receiving karma and creating karma is very different, which determines that existence is in a state, and their life cores (mind knowledge and divine knowledge) are bound to face various choices of future life forms. This choice is not only subjective (influenced by brain power to some extent), but also objective (dominated by karma and karma that have been formed before death). The so-called subjectivity means that at the time of life and death, the spiritual knowledge of all beings can play the role of their own heart according to their own karma, persistence and the nature and degree of practice, and even get rid of life and death, live and die independently or choose their own reincarnation place. The so-called objectivity refers to the reincarnation of life and death and the location of reincarnation, which is inspired by the sense of good and evil karma of all beings and cannot be changed, escaped or rejected by the hearts of all beings.

It can be seen that the cardinal number of life and death cycle is karma, and there are many types of life and death cycle. Generally speaking, it is the six divisions in the wheel of karma, but among the six divisions in the wheel of karma, there are ups and downs, joys and sorrows, and various circumstances, which make the whole life of the universe infinitely colorful. In the course of the six divisions of the Karma Wheel, the hell, the hungry ghost and the beast have suffered a lot, and it is difficult to cultivate to get rid of the cycle of life and death. However, Tian and Tian are endowed with unique advantages and are easy to indulge in happiness, so it is difficult to cultivate to the highest state of liberation. Only man is the most suitable for practice and the best life form to get rid of the cycle of life and death.

As for the specific causes of ups and downs in the cycle of life and death, there are various situations. Taking human life and death as an example, there are several possibilities for people to go after death: those who practice liberation, or go to the pure land, or return as they wish; Those who are not liberated, according to their good and evil, ups and downs in the three realms and six roads. Among them, those who have achieved success in practicing meditation were born in the color world or the achromatic world; There are many good practitioners who fail to practice meditation, but according to the nature of their good deeds, they are either born in heaven or on earth; Although there are many worries about charity, especially those who are slow, they were born in Asura Road. Those who have many bad karma fall into the path of beasts; Bad karma is heavier, and it is a hungry ghost; Those who commit the most heinous crimes fall into hell. On the other hand, from the perspective of people's origin, people born on the ground, or buddhas and bodhisattvas, all come because of their wishes; Either people are reincarnated; Either Heaven and Man and Asura will enjoy happiness and be reincarnated as human beings; Either the animals, hungry ghosts and sentient beings in the three evils of hell have been punished and turned into human beings. Because all sentient beings have different causes of good and evil, we are all human beings with different natures and experiences, which makes the world of mortals roll on and turn into Qian Qian's tragicomedy. Generally speaking, it also makes the world present various life forms and living environments.