1. The difference between topic composition and topic composition
(1) The topic composition has content, and the topic composition has materials. The content and materials can be one or more, which are consistent. The difference is that the text of the topic composition has been refined into a topic, while the material of the topic composition has not been refined into a clear topic, so it must be refined by itself.
(2) The topic of the topic composition is clear, the scope boundary is obvious, and it is not allowed to cross the line; The title composition does not show a clear theme, and the scope boundary is vague.
(3) Topic composition is often a sublimation (agreement) from things (materials), and topic composition is a divergence (association) from one (topic) to many.
(4) Themed composition is characterized by self-determination of angle, conception, style and title within the range of materials, so that the examination of topics is not based on "topic" (topic or title), but on "material", which can mobilize students' ability of discovery, judgment and choice, and facilitate candidates to conceive from multiple angles.
2. Some characteristics of the composition and the meaning of the topic
Through transformation and comparison, we can see some characteristics of this article:
(1) It gives the material, but not the title. It does not need to be "too dead" like material composition, nor "too wide" like topic composition. It not only inherits some advantages of material composition, but also makes up for its defects. The scope of writing is related to the content of the material or the meaning of a certain aspect, and it must have conditions, situations and breadth. Compared with pure topic composition, its writing scope is relatively narrow.
(2) The function of the given materials is mainly to provide a blueprint for the candidates to determine the topic, indicate the scope, and prompt the thinking direction. Candidates' exams, ideas and writing must be based on this, and they can't follow the lead. In this way, it is difficult for candidates to guess the topic, thus avoiding the disadvantage that candidates can ignore the "wide" materials in the topic composition.
(3) Adding the links of examining and deciding questions, combining reading with writing, broadening the scope of writing by revealing the meaning of a certain aspect of the material content, and building a thinking platform for writing are conducive to strengthening the examinee's awareness of examining questions and cultivating the examinee's ability to refine questions.
Candidates don't have to worry about the difficulty in defining the scope of writing objects, because from the starting point of thinking, the scope of objects that can be written is still relatively broad, unlike the pure material composition in the past, which must face the theme of the material (that is, the material actually indirectly stipulates the theme of the article) and cannot be written from a certain angle or a certain side of the material. Now, as long as it involves the perception and experience of the given material, the essay can be written.
For example, in 2008, the composition topic of Beijing volume:
According to the perspective of material selection, write an article of not less than 800 words on your own topic, regardless of genre except poetry.
In class, the teacher took a glass and put a big stone in it, almost as big as the glass. The teacher asked everyone: Is the cup full?
A student replied: if it is not full, you can also put sand.
After the students put the sand, the teacher asked again: Is it full?
The whole class answered full, and one boy answered not full, but he could still release water.
The teacher smiled, and then poured out the sand and stones. The cup is empty.
This time, the teacher put sand and water into the cup, and then asked everyone, is the cup full? If you want to put a stone in it, how should you put it? The boy emptied the sand and water out of the cup and put the stone in first.
This problem can be roughly conceived from these points:
1. Learning is endless; 2. Change and invariability; 3. Process and result, method and result; 4. Charm and flexibility of thinking; 5. Relative space and absolute space, etc.
Choose a good idea that fits the topic. You can write a speculative essay or a beautiful essay.
3. The key to the topic composition exam
The key to the examination of compositions with questions is to grasp the starting point of divergent thinking in materials. The starting point of thinking is diversified. There is only one material like Lushan Mountain, but the side or angle is different, which determines the diversification of thinking. Observing and analyzing images from various angles can lead to diversified thinking from multiple points, and can also greatly expand the scope of the proposition, but only from a certain side or angle.
To write this "material composition" well, it is difficult to get rid of the examples in the material. It can be said that the material "limits" the content of the composition, and understanding the main idea of the article is inseparable from the analysis of the material, so it cannot be written as a "topic composition" that we can ignore in the past.
Correct reading and conception are the key, because the materials provided in the topic are not only the first starting point of reading the topic, but also the final scope of the composition in line with the meaning of the topic. I heard that it is more about "analysis of Chinese test questions in the 2006 college entrance examination".
Generally speaking, materials are often individual and concrete, and the main idea is general and abstract, so it is inseparable from the induction and transformation of thinking from individual to general and from concrete to abstract. Of course, concrete writing can be from special to general, from abstract to concrete, while writing individuals is concrete.
The specific method is as follows:
(1) keyword syntax
Some materials highlight the center, and sometimes key sentences (opening sentence, ending sentence, dialogue sentence and ending sentence) are set in the materials. By grasping these key sentences, we can grasp the main idea of the material, understand the material accurately and define the train of thought correctly. For example:
A professor did an experiment. 12 years ago, he let his students enter a spacious auditorium and sit down freely. After repeating it several times, the professor found that some students always like to sit in the front row, some people sit around blindly, and some people seem to particularly like the seats in the back. The professor wrote down their names separately. 10 years later, the professor's follow-up survey shows that among the students who like to sit in the front row, the proportion of success is much higher than that of the other two types of students.
The key words of this material are "love to sit in the front row" (don't have a narrow understanding of "front row") and "success", so if you grasp the logical relationship between these two words and organize them into sentences, you will have the following ideas:
A positive attitude determines the height of success.
② Have the spirit of being unwilling to lag behind (striving for the first place).
(3) establish a clear goal (first).
(4) the courage to sit in the front row of life.
Another example is:
Many people have traveled thousands of miles to find the reclusive Master Wu Da, hoping to learn from Master Wu Da. When they reached the deep mountain, they found the master carrying water. He didn't bring much. Two buckets of water are not full. According to people's imagination, he should be full of choices. Someone is puzzled and asks the master. The master replied: "The way to carry water is not to carry more, but to be moderate."
Ask to choose an angle to conceive the composition, and independently determine the conception, style and title; Don't deviate from the content and meaning of the material, don't copy it, and don't copy it.
Writing skills:
The master's answer actually tells the core content of this passage: the way to lift water is not to lift more, but to lift water moderately. Moderation is the key to the problem. By extension, we should consider the "golden mean" in everything we do: for example, if people have no goals, they will be mediocre; If the goal is too high, you will often lose confidence because you can't achieve it; Our goal should also be moderate.
(2) Fruit traceability method.
The emergence, change and development of everything has its internal or external reasons. Therefore, it is an effective method to read and analyze the causal relationship of materials and start with the reasons. For example:
"My grandfather used to steal things." Mother said, "One day, he went to steal vegetables from someone else's garden and was seen by the owner of the garden." However, the master saw it and turned to leave. "Mom said, grandpa thought the man was going to sue the official, hurry up. Unexpectedly, the man entered his door and closed it. Grandpa, think about it. Go up and knock. The door opened and grandpa said, "I was seen by you." The man said, "What do you see? I didn't even go out today. Grandpa said, "You saw me steal your food." Grandpa also said, "I can't be a man now." The man smiled and said, "What are you talking about? We are neighbors. If you want to know why my food looks beautiful, just ask. My food looks good and delicious. Believe it or not? Try it first. " Say that finish, I really went to the hanging blue beside the patio, took out two dishes and just stuffed them into my grandfather's hand.
Later, my grandfather became a famous person nearby.
Understand the material comprehensively, but you can conceive it from one side and one angle. Independently determine the concept, style and title; Don't deviate from the content or meaning of the material, don't copy it, and don't copy it.
The content of the material is that the owner of the vegetable garden forgave grandpa's theft. "Later, Grandpa became a famous person in the neighborhood." Otherwise, how could Grandpa become a person with a good reputation in the neighborhood? There is a causal relationship in this, because the owner of the vegetable garden treats the wrong person correctly and makes him a person with "public reputation" in the future. In this way, it is easy to find a suitable way of thinking, of course, the angle of thinking is multi-directional.
From the perspective of "garden owner", we can have the following ideas:
(1) Tolerance and forgiveness influence others and achieve others.
Give others a chance to turn over a new leaf.
(3) Respect others and give people self-esteem.
(4) Adopting the best educational methods;
From grandpa's point of view, you can have the following ideas:
(1) shame and backwardness
(2) correct mistakes.
(3) people are expensive and have self-esteem.
(4) Honesty is the foundation of the body.
……。
If you can't fully understand the meaning of the problem, then writing "trust", "kindness" and "care" is considered too broad. If it is written as "making peace", "taking a step back", "meeting with a smile", "wandering at the crossroads", "turning around", "indifference" and "being open-minded", it will be regarded as deviating from the meaning of the question.
(3) the method of testing emotional tendency
When describing, explaining or commenting on something, some materials clearly reveal the author's emotional tendency, so that we can explore from the emotional tendency of the materials and the questioner's point of view and attitude. For example:
Write a composition according to the following passage:
"Teacher, if I were you, I wouldn't be a teacher!" The class was quiet at once. "I like being a teacher," the teacher said quietly. "First, I hope I will always be full of energy. With you, I will never be old; Second, I am greedy. My favorite sentence is "A general can command thousands of troops, but he has to listen to one person, and that is his teacher.". "That's me! So I like being a teacher. " "Applause for the general's teacher!" Everyone laughed and shouted.
Requirements: Hearing this, if you are a classmate present, please write a letter to the teacher and talk about your feelings.
This material has a clear sense of color, and the proposition should be considered from the aspect of praising the teacher.
(4) the method of distinguishing the interrelationships
Everything is interrelated. The relations between things mainly include dependence (such as learning and taking), primary and secondary relations (such as giving and taking), trade-off relations (such as inferiority and self-improvement) and conditional relations (such as inheritance and innovation). Distinguishing these relationships is conducive to designing a composition. For example:
In Nelis Nature Reserve, Alaska, there was a story that attracted wolves to compete for deer. It turns out that people kill local wolves to protect deer, so deer have no natural enemies and eat happily in the forest all day. Ten years later, the number of deer increased from 400 to 40 thousand. However, the deer's posture is stupid and has lost its former beauty. Due to the rapid reproduction and trampling of deer, plants also withered. Deer died in large numbers because of lack of enough food and physical weakness caused by ease and inactivity. So people invited the wolf in again, and the deer ran hard, and the reserve recovered its old vitality.
From the material point of view, the relationship between deer and wolf, and the relationship between deer and its surrounding environment are interdependent. Only when wolves and deer live in harmony can we ensure that they will not lose their nature and maintain the ecological balance of nature. Based on this, we can imagine that ecological balance is a natural law, so is human beings, and the natural law cannot be violated. Judging from the relationship between the deer and the surrounding living environment, the deer has no natural enemies like wolves, and its life is too comfortable and comfortable, so its posture is stupid; Later, with the intervention of the wolf, the deer ran hard to avoid the wolf's predation and finally recovered its vitality. It can be seen that born in sorrow, died in happiness.
In short, don't disregard the materials and make your own decisions, and don't make another set. Instead, we should read the materials comprehensively and carefully, and choose the angle of conception from the content and significance of the materials. The above methods cannot be used in isolation, but should be interrelated and used comprehensively. Each material can analyze ideas from multiple sides or angles, and then choose a side or angle to write.