Guogurenzhuang
meng haoran
Loser introduction
Meng Haoran (689 ~ 740) was born in Xiangyang, Tang Xiang (now Xiangyang, Hubei).
I studied hard at home in my early years and lived in seclusion in Lumen Mountain. Forty years old, you Chang 'an, don't take the exam. Zhang Jiuling, as a long history of Jingzhou, once called it short twilight.
Meng Haoran once roamed the southeast. Poetry with pastoral landscapes is as famous as Wang Wei and is called "Wang Meng". His poems are light and mostly reflect his seclusion; He also made good use of the poems of the Six Dynasties, and he has a reputation for youth. The whole Tang poetry said that his famous sentence was "better than the ancients." Wang Haoran has been handed down from generation to generation.
problem solving
This poem is selected from Meng Xiangyang's collection of poems.
This is Meng Haoran's masterpiece of pastoral poetry, which should be written when he lived in seclusion in Lumen Mountain in his early years. At the invitation of a friend who lives in the village, the poet left happily, but he saw green trees and mountains on the road. After the meeting, I also talked about farming, full of pastoral poetry and strong life breath. The whole poem is fresh and pleasant, and it is an ode to social stability and peace, and farmers live and work in peace and contentment.
This is a five-character poem.
comment
Prepare chicken and rice for me, old friend, old friend: old friend, old acquaintance. Equipment: setup and preparation. Chicken and Xiaomi: Broiler and Xiaomi refer to Tianjia's home cooking. You entertained me on your farm. Invitation: invitation. To: Come. Tianjia: The home of an old friend. ○ Explain the origin of this trip. Green Woods surround the village and green hills are located outside the city. Near: near, green around the village. Guo: The original meaning refers to the outer city. City and Guo together, the city refers to the inner wall, Guo refers to the outer wall, and can also refer to the wall. After extension, all sides and outside are called Guo, and Guo here refers to the village Guo-Simian Village. Oblique: wandering. ○ Describe the close-up and prospect of the old village. Open the window facing the valley vegetable garden and pass the glass to talk about crops. Open: open. A corridor or small room with windows. Field: threshing floor; Nursery: vegetable garden; As a word, field nursery can refer to both field and nursery, and it can also refer to one of them. The compound word is biased. Release: take, end. Words: talking. Sang Ma: There are two main raw materials for ancient clothing: silkworms and hemp crops. One is to raise silkworms with mulberry raw silk, and the other is to weave hemp rope. Sang Ma here also refers to farming. ○ Write the scenes and activities when you meet an old friend, echoing "Tian Jia". Please come here to see chrysanthemums when the ninth festival comes. Double Ninth Festival: Also known as Double Ninth Festival, it refers to the ninth day of September in the summer calendar. Because of the theory of yin and yang of Han people, the number will also be attached to yin and yang, and nine will be scattered into yang, so it is called "Chongyang", also known as "Double Nine". Jiu: verb. Approaching, reaching, here can be interpreted as looking, approaching. Double Ninth Festival is a festival of Han people. Drinking wine and enjoying chrysanthemums with crabs is an elegant thing for literati in autumn, especially in the Double Ninth Festival. ○ Today's party is not over yet. I look forward to meeting again tomorrow.
translate
My old friend prepared chicken and millet food and invited me to his farm. But see trees around the village, green hills stretch outside the village. When I checked in, I saw the venue and vegetable garden. Picking up the wine, we talked about the farming topics of sericulture and hemp. Wait until the Double Ninth Festival in autumn, (I) will come to enjoy the chrysanthemums.
Brief analysis
As far as this poem is concerned, the language is plain, the narrative is natural and smooth, and there is no trace of rendering and carving. But the feelings are sincere, poetic and mellow, and there is an aesthetic interest of "beautiful water and natural carving". "Country" means "visit" and "visit".
"Prepare chicken and rice for me, old friend, you entertain me on your farm" is as easy, simple and easy-going as talking about family life. "Millet" was harvested in Tanaka and "chicken" was raised at home. Both of them are in line with the word "Tianjia", which reminds people. "The old hub still has the present" and "the crow on the top of the mulberry tree" are the characteristics of farm life, and because "chicken and millet" are delicious at home, they dare to invite friends to taste old words; Just a chicken and millet, but also show the characteristics of "old friends", and it is not "foreign" to talk extravagantly, which is a manifestation of close affection between loved relatives and friends. So, when an "old friend" invited me to go, I didn't hesitate to take it as a business. This is indeed a weak language, but it is not a thin language!
"We look at the green trees surrounding your village and the pale blue mountains in the distance" describes the beauty of the natural environment of the "old people's village". The last sentence is a close-up view, surrounded by green trees, with a unique world, quiet and mysterious; The next sentence is a vision, which is the background of the grange. The green hills behind the village extend into the distance, which shows that the grange is not lonely, but closely connected with the outside world. The sight of the distant mountains turning green is like a wonderful green landscape, which makes people fascinated and imaginative.
"We open your window, cross the garden and fields, and talk about mulberry and hemp with our cups in our hands" is written in the life scene of an ancient family. Open the porch window to a vegetable garden, raise your glass and can't help but talk about farming and mulberries. The word in the last sentence has a deep meaning. Judging from the artistic conception of the whole poem, this dialogue must be pleasant. Meng Haoran lived in seclusion in Lumen Mountain in his early years and never worked as an official again. Therefore, the environment in his village is quiet and beautiful, and farmers are willing to work. Tian Jia's comfortable life made the poet sing. At this time, the poet forgot the troubles of his official career and the noise of the city, immersed in poetic aesthetic enjoyment and assimilated by the simple and sincere friendship of his old friend. He seems to feel that he has found a home in this situation.
Inherited from the above, "I'll come back after the mountain festival and chrysanthemum", the poet was attracted by the rural scenery and farm life, but he was still hungry, so when he left, he frankly expressed his wish to visit his old friends again on the Double Ninth Festival. Two simple poems contain the enthusiasm and simplicity of an old friend, the pleasure and satisfaction of the guests, and the intimate affection between the host and the guest. This desire to "enjoy it" further deepens the content of the above sentences, indicating that it is interesting to compare "Gui" and "Invitation" in the first couplet.
A summary of the basic knowledge of tone sandhi sentence
Changpu
The farm is a flat site, and the farmhouse is used as a place to dry grain, such as threshing floor and threshing floor. The garden is a vegetable garden. In ancient times, the word garden was used. The place where trees are planted is called a garden, and the place where vegetables are planted is called a garden. In modern Chinese, there is no distinction between "Yuan" and "Yuan". The word garden is commonly used, but not commonly used. The word "nursery" is related to the production habits of Han people. There is a poem in The Book of Songs, Windy July, "Build a garden in September and harvest crops in October". Explain the legend of Mao in the Book of Songs: "Spring and summer are gardens, and autumn and winter are fields." Zheng Xuan further explained in Hanshu: "The field and the nursery are in one place. Since the birth of everything, people have cultivated them to grow vegetables; When things are ripe, build a solid foundation. " This situation reflects the ancient practice of saving land. This poem is about spring and summer, and the word nursery can be understood as a vegetable garden alone.
Let's open your window, overlooking the garden and fields, and prepare chicken and rice for me, old friend.
This is a five-character poem, which must rhyme. This poem rhymes. We must also pay attention to duality. This poem is a couplet, and the neckline is two couplets. The antithesis is not only relative in syntactic structure and part of speech, but also requires that things are relative, such as "green trees" and "green hills" are natural scenery; "Farm" and "Sang Ma" are agricultural things. In addition, metrical poems also pay attention to the regularity of flat tones, which is the classification of Chinese tones. In ancient Chinese, flat tone can lead to intonation, so it is a unique category; The upper three tones are all short, so they are all classified as dull. After discovering the rules of Chinese tones, medieval poets took the initiative to form the musical beauty of poetry by alternating flat tones, which later became an important metrical requirement of metrical poetry.
According to the meter, these two poems should be: "Flat, except the flat of the first word, the flat of the fourth word is essential, but the fourth word of these two poems is flat. It became an embarrassing sentence that violated the routine. The ancients also stipulated that it could be remedied. The fourth word of this type is flat. For example, the third word uses a flat tone, and the flat tone of the whole poem is still very harmonious. This situation is called "difficult to save" in poetry. We can see that the third words "Ju" and "Mian" in these two poems are oblique sounds, so we can judge that these two sentences are an incorrigible format of "Ping Bian Occasionally", and the poet has no defects in meter.