Han Yu (768-824), a native of Heyang (now Meng County, Henan Province), called himself Changli Han Yu, so later people called him Han Changli. In the eighth year of Zhenyuan (792), after being a scholar, he was appointed as an observer by Xuanwu our envoy in four years. In the eighteenth year of Zhenyuan (802), he was awarded four doctors and moved to the imperial army. Because the book said that the disaster in Guanzhong was demoted to the magistrate of Yangshan (now Guangdong), Yuanhe served as a military attache and Dr. imperial academy in Jiangling House, and later transferred to the assistant minister of punishments after the Peidu Pinghuai West Rebellion. There is a collection of Mr. Changli.
In the middle Tang Dynasty, Han Yu was a very important writer. On the one hand, he has a large number of excellent poems. On the other hand, as a leading figure in literary and poetic circles, he made many friends, supported and repaid others, and spared no effort to gather many like-minded scholars with similar styles around him. He not only praised Meng Jiao, who was older than him, but also rewarded Jia Dao, who was younger than him. He also encouraged Li He, a talented poet, to speak up for him and not let him take part in the imperial examination because he avoided his father's taboo. In addition, he has close contacts with Huang Fushi, Lu Tong, Fan, Liu Cha and Li Ao. In this way, he and the literati around him formed a literary group, with himself as the main leader, which set off an influential wave of new poetry.
One of the characteristics of Han Yu's poems, in the words of Si Kongtu, a poetic theorist in the late Tang Dynasty, is "to drive the momentum and move, and if thunder carries electricity, it will soar between heaven and earth" (after Liu Liuji). Simply put, it is famous for its momentum. Since Dali and Zhenyuan, poets have limited themselves to expressing their narrow personal sadness and melancholy, and their natural scenery has also been infected with this emotional color; They are meticulous and experienced, but they lack imagination and momentum. And Han Yu's poems, with great courage and rich imagination, changed this delicate phenomenon in poetry. Most of his poems are wonderful. For example, "Nanshan Poetry" scans the whole picture of Zhongnanshan, and uses 5 1 word "or" one after another, making Zhongnanshan magnificent and full of weather. "Lu Langzhong Yunfu sent a message to send a plate of millet poems to make peace" has four words about waterfalls:
The weather is fine and the well water overflows. Who leans the sword on Taihang Mountain? The wind blows down the sky, and it rains in Luoyang during the day.
Imagine a waterfall as if it were born, which means Li Bai's "looking at Lushan Waterfall", but it is too strong. Another example is Tribal Tiger, which is about the illusion of life. "I was born like the wings of a cloud, and my inspiration comes from the wind." I even wrote this feeling that is usually very sad. Lu Soul Mountain Fire and Huang Fushi used their rhymes to describe a mountain fire;
..... The sky is jumping up and down, shining on the vast cliff, burning walls all around, and there is nowhere to escape. When the three lights are extinguished, tigers, bears, elk and pigs catch monkeys and apes, hoses, turtles, fish and catfish, crows, carved eagle pheasants and simmering pheasants. Zhu Rong told him to have a rest. ……
Very strange, very imposing. In his poetry creation, Han Yu deliberately adopted the elaborate techniques of Han Fu, the parallelism of metaphors and the surreal imagination of wandering immortals, which set off the strong atmosphere and strength in his poetry.
The second feature of Han Yu's poems is to avoid the familiar patterns of the previous generation, and strive for strangeness and novelty in language and images, even avoiding embarrassment and suddenness. For example, in Yong Zhen Xing, the fox crows noisily and leaps and bounds, and flies are like flies, flies are like flies, flies are like flies, flies are like flies, flies are like flies, flies are like flies, flies are like flies, flies are like flies, flies are like flies, flies are like flies, flies are like flies, flies are like flies, flies are like flies, flies are like flies, flies are like flies. Flies are like flies, flies are like flies, flies are like flies, flies are like flies, flies are like flies, flies are like flies, flies are like flies, flies are like flies, flies are like flies, flies are like flies, in the past, people thought that they were horrible (such as "ghosts", "demons", "evil winds" and "stingers"), ugly (such as abdominal pain and diarrhea, snoring and losing teeth), and ugly.